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CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

ON 

NAPOLEON I. 



VOL. II. 



WORKS BY JOHN ASHTON. 

A HISTORY OF THE CHAP-BOOKS OF THE 

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. With nearly 400 Illus- 
trations, engraved in facsimile of the originals. Crown 
8vo. cloth extra, "js. 6d. 

SOCIAL LIFE IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN 
ANNE. From Original Sources. With nearly 100 Illus- 
trations. Crown 8vo. cloth extra, 7^. 6d. 

HUMOUR, WIT, AND SATIRE OF THE 

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. With nearly 100 Illus- 
trations. Crown 8vo. cloth extra, "Js. 6d. 

London : CHATTO & WINDUS, Piccadilly. 



ENGLISH 

CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



ON 



NAPOLEON I. 



BY 

JOHN ASHTON 

AUTHOR OF 'social LIFE IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE' ETC. 




WITH 115 ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR 



IN TWO VOLUMES— VOL. II. 



.Toil 1)011 
CHATTO & VVINDUS, PICCADILLY 

T884 

All rixlil-i rrserTcl 



LONDON : TRINTED BY 

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AND PARLIAMENT STREET 



10 "S A LIBRARY 

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CONTENTS 

OF 

THE SECOND VOLUME. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 

i'AGE 
INVASION" SOUIBS— CADOUDAL'S CONSPIRACY — EXECUTION OF THE 

DL'C 1)"eNGHIEN — CAPTAIN" WRIGHT .... I 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 

NAPOLEON PROCLAIMED EMPEROR— THE FLOTILLA — INVASION SQUIBS 12 

CHAPTER XL. 

napoleon's CORONATION . . . . . .2"? 



CHAPTER XLI. 

NAI'OLEON'S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD- NAVAL VICTORIES — 
BROWNED KINC; OF ITALY — ALLIANCE OF EUROPE — WITHDRAWAL 
OF THE ' ARMY OF ENGLAND ' . . . . -35 

CHAPTER XLI I. 

SURRENDER ')F UI.M — PA TILK OF TRAFALGAR — PROPOSALS FOR 

PEACE DANIEL LAMJIEKP . . . . , -45 

CHAPTER XLIII. 

XEC.OTIATIONS FOR I'EACE — DEA'I II OF FOX NAPOLEON's VICIORIOUS 

CAREER -HIS PROCLAMATION OF A PLOCKADE OF ENt;LANI) . 57 



CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. 



CHAPTER XLIV. 

PAGE 
napoleon's polish campaign — BATTLE OF EYLAU — MEETING OF 

THE EMPERORS AT TILSIT — CAPTURE OF THE DANISH FLEET . 65 



CHAPTER XLV. 

FRENCH ENTRY INTO PORTUGAL — BLOCKADE OF ENGLAND — FLIGHT 
OF THE PORTUGUESE ROYAL FAMILY — THE PENINSULAR WAR — 
FLIGHT OF KING JOSEPH . . . . . -75 

CHAPTER XLVI. 
PENINSULAR WAR, Continued — meeting at erfurt . . -87 

CHAPTER XLVII. 

retreat to CORUNNA — THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE — 

WAGRAM —JOSEPHINE'S DIVORCE . . . . .--96 

CHAPTER XLVI 1 1. 

FAILURE OF EXPEDITIONS TO SPAIN, PORTUGAL, AND HOLLAND — 
napoleon's wooing of, and MARRIAGE WITH, MARIA LOUISA 

— IIIRTH OF THE KING OF ROME -NAPOLEON IN THE NURSERY IIO 

CHAPTER XLIX. 

A NAVAL ENGAGEMENT — napoleon's TOUR IN GERMANY — DECLARA- 
TION OF WAR WITH RUSSIA — ENTRY INTO WILNA — SMOLENSKO 

— IIOKODINO — ENTRY INTO MOSCOW — BURNING OF THE CITY — 
NAPOI.EOn"s RETREAT . . . . . ■ I23 

CHAPTER L. 

RKJOKTNGS IN ENGLAND OVER THE RESULT OF NAPOLEON'S RUSSIAN 

CXMIAIGN — THE EMI'EROR's RETURN TO FRANCE . . 1 38 

CHAl'TER LI. 

TIIF, AKMI^IKK IIATILE OF VM TORI A— DEFEAT AT LEIPSIC— THF. 

1:1; 11 11 ;f Hi.mvN UP . . . . . . I qo 



CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. 



CHAPTER LII. 

PAGE 

napoleon's return to PARIS — HIS RECEPTION . . . 164 



CHAPTER LIII. 

l'homme rouge — napoleon's superstition . . . 172 

CHAPTER LIV. 

napoleon again takes the field — HIS defeats — THE ALLIES AT 
PARIS — NAPOLEON ABDICATES — HIS ATTEMPT TO POISON HIM- 
SELF . . . . . . . .181 

CHAPTER LV. 

NAPOLEON LEAVES FOR ELBA — HIS RECEPTION THERE . -194 

CHAPTER LVI. 

NAPOLEON AT ELBA— HIS OCCUPATIONS WHILST THERE — FAITH 
BROKEN WITH HIM — THE VIOLET — GENERAL REJOICINGS AT 
HIS EXILE ........ 203 

CHAPTER LVn. 

napoleon's ESCAPE FROM ELBA — UNIVERSAL CONSTERNATION — 
FLIGHT OF THE BRITISH FROM FRANCE — CARICATURES ON HIS 
RETURN ........ 214 

CHAPTER LVin. 

PREPARATIONS FOR WAR — THE SHORT CAMPAIGN — WATERLOO 

napoleon's ABDICATION ...... 225 

CHAPTER LIX. 

NAPOLEON A PRISONER — SENT TO I HE ISLE OF AIX — NEGOTIATIONS 

FOR SURRENDER — GOES ON BOARD THE ' EELLEROPHON ' . 233 

CHAPTER LX. 

NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE ' BELLEROPHON ' — ARRIVAL AT TORBAY 
— CURIOSITY OK 'IHE PEOPLE — THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT 
DETERMINE TO SEND HIM TO ST. HELENA . . . 239 



viii CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. 



CHAPTER LXI. 

PAGE 
NAPOLEON IS SENT ON BOARD THE 'NORTHUMBERLAND' — HE PRO- 
TESTS AGAINST HIS EXILE — PUBLIC OPINION AS TO HIS TREAT- 
MEN'I' ........ 250 



CHAPTER LXH. 

VOYACE TO ST. HELENA — CESSATION OF CARICATURES . . 259 



INDEX . . . . , . . .269 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 

INVASION ^ijUIKS CADOUDAL's CONSPIRACY — EXECUTION Or THE 
DL'C d'ENGHIEN — CAPTAIN WRIGHT. 

The Volunteer movement was well shown in a print b)' 
A. M., No\-ember 1803: ' Boney attacking the English 
Hives, or the Corsican caught at last in the Island.' There 
are many hives, the chief of which has a royal crown on 
its top, and is labelled ' Ro}-al London Hive. Thread - 
needle Street Honey' — which Napoleon is attacking, sword 
in hand. George the Third, as Bee Master, stands behind 
the hives, and says, ' What ! what ! you plundering little 
Corsican X'illain, have you come to rob my industrious 
]3ecs of their Honey? I won't trust to your oath. Sting, 
Sting the X'ipcr to the heart my good Bees, let l^uz, Ituz 
be the Word in the Island.' The bees duly obey their 
master's request, and come in clouds o\-er Napoleon, who 
has to succumb, and pray, kneeling, ' Curse those ]5ees 
they sting like .Scorpions. I did not think this Nation of 
.Shopkeepers could sting so sharp. Pray good Master of 
the liees, do call them off, and I will swear by all the three 
VOL. II. B 



2 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

creeds which I profess, Mahometan, Infidel, and Christian, 
that I will never disturb your Bees ajjain." 

' Selling the Skin before the Bear is caught, or cutting 
up the Bull before he is killed,' is by I. Cruikshank 
(December 21, 1803), and represents a \\\A\ reposing calmly 
on the English shore, whilst on the opposite or French 
coast is Bonaparte, Talleyrand, and several Generals, 
Bonaparte, pointing to the Bull, sa}'s : ' I shall take the 
Middle part, because it contains the Heart and Vitals — 
Talley, you may take the head, because you have been 
accustomed to take the Bull by the horns.' Ikitannia 
stands, fully armed, behind the ]^ull, by an 'alarm post,' on 
which hangs a bell, ' British Valor,' which she is preparing to 
ring : ' When these Mounseers have settled their plan, I will 
just rouse the Bull, and then see who will be cut up first.' 

'New ]3ellman's Verses for Christmas 1S03!' is an 
extremely inartistic work of an unknown man (December 
1803) ; the only thing worth quoting about it are these 
verses : — 

This little Boney says he"ll come 

At Merry Christmas time, 
But that I say is all a Inim, 
Or I no more will rhvme. 

Some say in wooden house he"ll glide, 

Some say in air IJalloon, 
E'en those who airy scliemes deride, 

Agree his coming soon. 

Now lionest \)<io\)\ii list to me. 

Tliough Income is l)ut small, 
ril bet my A\'ig to one Pen — ney, 

He does not come at all. 

' More than expected, or too many for Boney ' (artist 
unknown, December 1803;, shows him as an .Ass, on whose 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 3 

back is John Bull, Russia, Prussia, and Germany. Says 
Russia, ' We all depend upon you Mr. Bull — give him a 
little more spurring, and we'll soon make him feel the 
Rowels.' John mildly expostulates with his quadruped : 
* Come — come, don't be sulky — if }'ou won't go in a snaffle, 
you must be forced to go in a curb.' 

Dean Swift's immortal book did yeoman's service to 
the caricaturists, and we find it again employed in a print 
by West, December 1803: 'The Brobdingnag Watchman 
preventing Gulliver's landing.' It is very feeble, and merely 
consists of George the Third as a watchman turning the 
light of the ' Constitutional Lanthorn ' upon Bonaparte and 
his companions, who arc attempting a landing. 

Another print, by West (December 1803), shov.s ' ]\Ir. 
and Mrs. l^uU giving Buonaparte a Christmas Treat ! ' 
The latter is bound to a post in sight of, but beyond reach 
of, the national fare of this festival. John Bull says, hold- 
ing up a piece of beef, in derision, ' Yes, }-cs — the Beef is 
vcr}- good, so is the pudding too — but the deuce a morsel 
do you get of either. Master l^oney.' ]\Irs. Bull too, who is 
drinking from a frothing tankard, says : ' Your health 
blaster Bone\', \\"ishing you a merry Christmas,' but offers 
him none. 

An unknown artist gives an undated picture of ' a Cock 
and Bull Story.' Napoleon, as the Gallic C(jck, on liis side 
of the Channel, sings 

Cock a dudle doo, I shall come o\cv to }ou_ 

I'll fight true game, and crow my Fame, 
And make _\ou all look blue. 

John Bull, who is peacefully reposing in his [)astuies 
rejoins : — 

V<;u impertinent Cock, I'll have _\-ou to know- 
On this side the Hrook, you ne\-er .-liall Crow, 

1; 2 



4 EXGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

And if you're not quick, and give up your jaw, 
I'll teach you the nature of Enghsh Club Law. 

In 1803 was published an amusing squib, in which the 
names of various plays are very ingeniously made into a 
patriotic address : — 

THE GREEN ROOM OPINION 

OF THE 
THREATENFiD IXVASIOX. 

Snour.]) the Modern Tamerlane revive the \.x-A.<gQ.(S.\- oi England 
Invaded^ and, in the progress of his M'ild goose Chace, escape the 
Tempest^ he will find that, with us, it is Humours of the Age to be 
Volunteers. He will prove that we have many a Plain Dealer., 
who will tcai- off tlie Mask, under which the Hypocrite, this F'ool oj 
Fortune, this Choleric man, has abused a credulous world. Should 
he, to a JVo/ider, attempt a Trip to Scarborough, to set them all 
alive at I'ortsniouth, or to get on both sides 0/ the gutter, he will 
assuredlv meet a Chapter of Accidents on his Road to Ruin ; tor 
llritannia and the Giuls are in Council, to make him a Castle 
Spectre : lie will, too late, discover ///;' Secret of Jl'ho's the Dupe ; 
and that ir is t/ie Custom of the Country oi John Plull. to shew the 
Devil to pay to any Busybody, who seeks to enforce on us lie- 
fiirmation. 

'I'his Double Dealer, who has excited disniay Abroad and at 
Home, and gained JVotonety by the magnitude of the mischiefs lie 
has achieved, still ])resi!mes, by the J] 'heel of Par tune, like anotlier 
Pizarro. to satiate his lyeienge. and t(_) learn /Iok' to gror^' Rich, by 
renewing tlie distressing scenes of the Siege (f Damascus ; until 
amongst the desolated ruins of our City, he should establish him- 
self like a Pjjudon Ifermit. Tliat he Would if he Could, is j)ast 
all doubt ; but if he will lake a Word to the W'se, from a Man 
of the Wcrld, l,e will believe P/e's much to blame, and All in the 
If'roug : f(.'r the D/'cId/- and the Apothecary are in the Ccmuiittic ; 
and b)- good Mana.^, iueu.t, are forward in tiie Reliearsal of the 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 5 

lively Comedy of t/ie IVay to keep Hi)ii under Lock and Key. They 
may not be able to produce for him a Cjirefor the LLeartacke, or 
for f/ie Vapourish Ma?i, but they will shew him at least Cheap 
Living, and prove that he has sown his Wild Oats, in ' Comedy of 
Errors. 

The Poor Soldier, whose generous heart expands to render 
Love for Love, is like the gallant and gay Lothario, armed for 
either field, and prei)ared to give Measure for Measure ; and to 
convert the Agreeable Surprize, which the Acre Runaway antici- 
pates in the Cauip, from the Beaux Stratagem into a Tale of 
Mystery. Appearances are against him, as well as the Chances ; 
but he is a desperate Gamester ; and although his schemes of 
Conquest will end in Much ado about Notliing, like a Midsummer's 
nighfs Dream, or a IVinter^'s Tale, yet he is Ldeir at Laic to our 
hate ; and Every one lias his Fault, if he does not unite to revive 
the splendid scenes of Edivard the Black Prince, and LLenry the 
Fifth, when France trembled beneath our arms at Cressy and 
Agincourt ; and give to this unprincipled Bajazet an exit corre- 
sponding with his crimes. 



A NEW SONG OF OLD SAYINCS. 

Bonaparte tlie Bully resolved to come over, 

A\'ith flat-bottomed ^^'he^•ies, from Calais to Dover 

No perils t(j him in the Ijillows are found, 

M^r if born to be liang'd, lie can never be drovafJi 

From a Corsican dunghill this fungus did spring, 
He was soon n:adc a Cajjiain and would Ijc a Kini: 
But the higlicr he rises the more lie does e\il, 
''For a Beggai; on hoi'seback, loill ride to tlte Devil.' 

'J"o sei/e all lliat we liave and then elajj us in jail, 
'J"o devour (_)ur \i(luals, and drink all our ale, 
And to grind us lo dusl is the ('or^i'.an's will 
' J'or 7i'e knoio all is grist that e'er ccmes to his milli 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

To stay quiet, at home, the First Consul can't bear 
Or, mayhai), '■ he 'ccoiild Jiove other fish to fry there ' ; 
So, as fish of that sort does not suit his desire, 
'■He leaps out of the frying pan, into the fire.' 

He builds barges and cock boats, and craft without end 
And numbers the boats which to England he'll send ; 
But in spite of his craft, and his barges and boats 
' He still reckons, I think, 7c<ithoiit one of his hosts.' 

He rides ui)on France and he tramples on Spain, 
And holds Holland and Italy tight in a Chain : 
These he hazards for more, though I can't understand, 
' H(>7li one bird in t/ie Intsh is -icortli tK'o in the handi 

He trusts that his luck will all danger expel, 

'■But the pi tiller is !>roke that goes oft to tite well'' ; 

And when our bra\"e soldiers this Bully surround, 

'■ Thoi/gh he's thought Penny A\'ise, he'll I>e foolish in Pound.' 

France can never forget that our fathers of yore. 

Used to ])epper and baste her at sea and at shore ; 

And we'll speedily prove to this mock-Alexander, 

' What 7C'as sauce for the goose, 7C'ill he sauce for the Gander.' 

I have heard and have read in a great many books. 
Half the I'Yenchmen are Tailors, and t'other half C'ooks ; — 
AVe've fine Trimmings in store for the Knights of the Cloth, 
' A)id the Cooks that come he?-e, icill but spoil their oi^'n broth. 

It is said that the French are a numerous race. 
And [lerhajis it is true- — for ' /// 7^'eeds gro:^' apace' : 
But come when they will, and as many as dare, 
' /expect they 'II arive a day after the fair.' 

To invade us more safel)' these warriors boast 
'I'hey will wait till a storm drives our fleet from the Coast, 
'I'hat 'twill be an ' /// 7cind,' will be soon understood, 
For a wind that blo7cs Frenchmen, ' bloK's nobody gO(>di 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 7 

They would treat Britain worse than they've treated Mynlieer, 
But they'll find ' they /lave got the wrong sow by the ear.'' 
Let them come then in swarms, by this Corsican lead, 
And I warrant ' ^^ell hit the right nail on the headj 

The year 1804 was a most eventful one for Napoleon. 
With all his hatred of England, and his wish for her in- 
vasion, he was powerless in that matter, and had plenty to 
employ him at home. The English had got used to thcir 
bugbear the flotilla, and the caricaturist had a rest. Napo- 
leon had his hands full. First and foremost was that con- 
spiracy against his life and government, in which Georges 
Cadoudal, Moreau, and Pichegru figure so prominently, and. 
which entailed the execution of the Due d'Enghicn. 

'j"he i5ourbon house he so detested, 
He had the Duke d'Enghien arrested; 
A sort of trial then took place, 
And sentence jjassed — the usual case. 
'Tis said that Boney chose a spot. 
To see the gallant fellow shot. 

Whatever ma}- have been Napoleon's conduct in this affair, 
these two last lines are undoubtedl)' false. The duke had 
been residing at Ettcnheim, in the duchy of Baden, and 
was thought to be there in readiness to head the Royalists 
in case of need, that his hunting was but a pretext to cover 
fl}'ing visits to I'aris, and that he \\-as the person whom 
Georges Cadoudal and his fellow conspirators alway^s re- 
ceived bareheaded. Tie was seized, brought to Paris, and 
lodged in the Chateau do V^incennes. A few hours' rest, 
and he was roused at midnight to go before his judges. 
It was in vain he pleaded the innocence of his occupations, 
and begged to have an interview with the 1^'irst Consul ; 
}'et he declared he had borne arms against T'rancc, and his 
wish to scr\e in the war on the English side arainst 



8 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

France ; and owned that he received a pension of one 
hundred and fifty guineas a month from England. He 
was found guilty and condemned to death, and two hours 
afterwards was led out into the ditch of the fortress, and 
there shot, a priest being refused him. O'Alcara, describing 
a conversation with Napoleon on this subject, says : ' I 
now asked if it were true that Tallc\'rand had retained 
a letter written by the Due d'Enghien to him until two 
days after the duke's execution .-' Xapoicon's reply was, 
" It is true ; the duke had written a letter offering his 
services, and asking a command in the Army from me, 
which that scelerato, Talleyrand, did not m.akc known until 
two days after his execution." I observed that Talleyrand, 
by his culpable concealment of the letter, was virtually 
guilty of the death of the duke. " Talleyrand," replied 
Napoleon, " is a briccoic, capable of any crime. I," con- 
tinued he, " caused the Due d'Enghien to be arrested in 
consequence of the Bourbons having landed assassins in 
P'rance to murder me. I was resolved to let them see that 
the blood of one of their princes should pay for their 
attempts, and he was accordingly tried for ha\'ing borne 
arms against the republic, found guilt}-, and shot, according 
to the existing laws against such a crime."' 

Ansell (June 2, 1804) gives us 'The Cold J^looded 
Murderer, or the Assassination of the Due d'Enghien,' in 
which the duke is represented as being bound to a tree, a 
soldier on either side holding a torch, whilst Napoleon is 
running his swonl into his heart. D'Enghien braveh' cries 
out, 'Assassin! )-our ]-)anditti need not cover my ICyes, 1 
fear not Death, tho' perhaps a guiltless countenance may 
appall \-our bloodthirsty soul.' Napoleon, whilst stabbing 
fiis victim, says : ' Now do whole World shall know de 
courage of de first grand Consul, dat I can kill my enemies 
in de Dark, as well as de light, by Night as well as by 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 9 

Day, — dare — and dare I had him — hark, vat noise was dat ? 
ah ! 'tis only de Wind — dare again, and dare — Now I shall 
certainly be made Emperor of de Gulls.' ^ Devils are re- 
joicing over the deed, and are bearing a crown. They say : 
' This glorious deed does well deserve a Crown, thus let 
us feed his wild ambition, untill some bold avenging hand 
shall make him all our own.' 

A Captain Wright figures in this plot ; and, as he was 
an Englishman, and his name is frequent both in the 
caricature and satire of the da\-, some notice of him must 
be given. He was a lieutenant in the Royal Navy, and 
somehow got mixed up with this conspiracy. He took 
Georges Cadoudal and others on board cither at Deal or 
Hastings, and crossed over to Bcville, where there was a 
smuggler's rope let down from an otherwise inaccessible cliff. 
By means of this they were drav/n up, and went secretly 
to Paris. The plot failed, and they were thrown into 
prison, Wright being afterwards captured at sea. Cadoudal 
went to the scaffold, Pichegru was found strangled in his 
cell ; and Wright, the English said, after being tortured in 
prison, to compel him to give cxidcnce against his com- 
panions, was assassinated by order of Napoleon. 

The latter, however, al\va\-s indignantly denied it, say- 
ing that Captain Wright committed suicide. In O'Meara's 
book he denies it se\'cral times, and an extract or two will 
be worth noting. ' In different nights of August, Septem- 
ber, and December 1803 and Januar}- 1804, Wright landed 
Georges, Pichegru, Riviere, Ccjsta, St. Victor, La IIa)-e, 
St. liilairc, and Others at Pevillc. The four last named 
had been acc(jrnpliccs in the former attempt to assassinate 
me by means of the infernal machine, and most of the rest 
were \\ell known to be chiefs of the Chouans,' (ixc. ' There 
was something glorious in Wright's dcatli. I le i^rcfcrrcd 

' Car.N. 



lo ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

taking away his own life, to compromising his government.' 
• Napoleon in very good spirits. Asked many questions 
about the horses that had won at the races, and the manner 
in which we trained them ; how much I had won or lost ; 
and about the ladies, &c. " You had a large party }-ester- 
day," continued he. " How many bottles of wine t Drink, 
your eyes look like drink," which he expressed in English. 
" Who dined with 30U ? " I mentioned Captain Wallis 
amongst others. "What! is that the lieutenant who was 
with Wright .^ " I replied in the affirmative. " What does 
he say about Wright's death ? " I said, " He states his 
belief that Wright was murdered by orders of P'ouche, for 
the purpose of ingratiating himself with you. That six or 
seven weeks previous, Wright had told him that he ex- 
pected to be murdered like Pichegru, and begged of him 
never to believe that he would commit suicide ; that he 
had received a letter from Wright, about four or five weeks 
before his death, in which he stated that he was better 
treated, allowed to subscribe to a library, and to receive 
newspapers." Napoleon replied, " I will never allow that 
Wright was put to death by Fouche's orders. If he was 
put to death privatel}', it must have been b}- my orders, 
and not by those of Fouche. Fouchc knew me too well. 
tie was aware that I would have had him hanged directK', 
if he attempted it. l^y this officer's own words, \\'right 
was not an secret, as he sa}-s he saw him some weeks before 
his death, and that he was allowed books and newspapers. 
Now, if it had been in contemplation to make away with 
him, he would have been put an secret for months before, 
in order that people might not be accustomed to see him 
for some time previous, as I thought this * * * intended 
to do in November last. Why not examine the gaolers 
and turnke)'s .' The Bourbons have ever}' opportunity of 
pro\-ing it, if such rcall}- took place. But \'our ministers 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. ii 

themselves do not believe it. The idea I have of what 
was my opinion at that time about Wright, is faint ; but, 
as well as I can recollect, it was that he ought to have 
been brought before a military commission, for having 
landed spies and assassins, and the sentence executed 
within forty-eight hours. What dissuaded me from doing 
so, I cannot clearly recollect. Were I in France at this 
moment, and a similar occurrence took place, the above 
would be my opinion, and I would write to the English 
Government : ' Such an officer of yours has been tried for 
landing brigands and assassins on my territories. I have 
caused him to be tried b}' a military commission. He has 
been condemned to death. The sentence has been carried 
into execution. If an\- of my officers in your prisons ha\'e 
been guilty of the same, tr)-, and execute them. You have 
m}- full permission and acquiescence. Or, if you find, 
hereafter, any of m)^ officers landing assassins on your 
shores, shoot them instantU'.' " ' 



EXGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 

NAl'OLEON PROCLAIMKl) EMPEROR — THE FI.O TILLA—IXVASIOX SQUIIiS. 

The most important event of the year to Napoleon him- 
self, was his being made Emperor. Although First Consul 
for life, with power to appoint his successor, it did not 
satisfy his ambition. He would fain be Emperor, and that 
strong will, which brooked no thwarting, took measures to 
promote that result. In the Senate M. Curee moved, 'that 
the First Consul be invested with the hereditary power, 
under the title of Emperor,' and this motion was but feebly 
fought against by a few members, so that at last an address 
was drawn up, beseeching Napoleon to yield to the wishes 
of the nation. A. plebiscite was taken on the subject, with 
the result that over three millions and a half people voted 
for it, and only about two thousand against it. On May i8, 
Cambaceres, at the head of the Senate, waited upon Napo- 
leon, at St. Cloud, with an address detailing the feelings 
and wishes of the nation. It is needless to sa\- that 
Napoleon ' accepted the h^mpirc, in order that he might 
labour for the happiness of the French.' 

'J'he Ijravc First Consul now began 
To set on loot It is fav'rite ])]an ; 
'J'lic Senate, wlien the door was elos'd. 
As Fni[jeror of I'Yanee, j)ro])Os'cl 
15ra\e Honey, and his heir>, and then 
'J'hey caird him worthiest of men ; 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 13 

So much accustom'd down to cram a lie, 

They prais'd, too, his illustriotts family. 

A\'hat sweet addresses, what kind answers, 

A proof mankind, too, oft in France errs ; 

All these were equally prepared 

In Boney's closet, 'tis declared. 

Addresses from the arm)- came. 

Which were in tendenc}' the same. 

Nap manag'd matters with facility, 

Such was the people's instabilitw 

A deputation waited on him. 

And by solicitation woii him ; 

In a fine sentimental speech, 

Began they Boney to beseech. 

That he would graciously agi-ee 

The Emperor of France to be ; 

Elected by the general voice, 

They said he was the people's Choice, 

And begg'd the title to confer 

On one who was woX. pror,e to err. 

Naj) much humility pretended, 

But to accept it condescended. 

The business settled thus, nem. con. 

He put th' imperial purple on, 

INIore gay appear'd his lovely wife, 

'I'han e'er she did in all her life ; 

It was enough to make her grin. 

As shu was Em])ress Josepliinc. 

Nap now sent letters by tlie dozens, 

'i'o the French Ifishops, his new cousins, 

Informing them thai Heav'n, indeed, 

His elc\'ation had decreed ; 

And, trusting for the same, that the}" 

\\'ou"d order a thanksgiving da\". 

As Xajj — 'twas wise we inri>t allow — 

A Iloinan (latholic was n.nv ; 

A i>r;i\er h:ui l)een, to this iiUerit, 



14 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

By the Pope's legate to them sent. 
Moreover, all the Christian Nations, 
Received the same notifications. 
Soon made they every preparation 
For a most brilliant Coronation. 

The flotilla, on the other side of the Channel, was still 
looked upon with uneasiness, and watched with jealous 
care. Still, we find that it v/as onh- at the commence- 
ment of the year that it was caricatured, Napoleon's being 
made Emperor proving a more favourite subject ; and, 
besides, a feeling sprung up that there was not much mis- 
chief in it. 

One of the most singular caricatures, in connection with 
the projected invasion, that I have met with is by Ansell, 
January 6, 1804. 'The Coffin Expedition, or Boney's In- 
vincible 7\rmada Half seas over.' The flotilla is here 
represented as gunboats, in the shape of coffins : all the 
crews, naval and military, wearing shrouds ; whilst at the 
masthead of each vessel is a skull with bonnet rouge. It 
is needless to say they are represented as all foundering, 
one man exclaiming, ' Oh de Corsican Bougre was make 
dcsc Gun boats on purpose for our Funeral.' Some British 
vessels are in the mid distance, and two tars converse thus : 
' I say Messmate, if we dont bear up quickl)-, there \y\\\ be 
nothing left for us to do.' ' Right, Tom, and I take them 
there things at the ^Masthead to be l^oncy's Crest, a skull 
without brains.' 

' Dutch lunbarkation ; or Xecds must when the De\-il 
drives I ! ' fartist unknown, January 1804) represents Bona- 
parte, with drawn sword, driving fat, solid Dutchmen each 
into a gun-boat about as big as a walnut-shell. One rc- 
nifjnstratcs; ' D — n such Liberty, and D — n such a l^lotilla ! ! 
1 tell \'ou \\c might as well embark in Walnut Shells.' JUit 
r)i)naparLe replies : ' C(-)mc, come, .Sir, no grumbling, I in- 



O.V NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



15 



sist on your embarking and destroying the modern Carthage 
— don't you consider the liberty you enjoy — and the grand 
flotilla that is to carry you over ! ' 

As good a one as any of Gillray's caricatures is the 
King of Brobdingnag and Gulliver, February 10, 1804 — 
scene, ' Gulliver manoeuvring with his little boat in the 
cistern.' The king and queen (excellent likenesses) and 
two princesses are looking on at Bonaparte sailing, whilst 
the young princes are blowing, to make a wind for him. 









111 -i *i* Ir '^v ' --> 




THE KING OF KROBDIXGNAG AND (GULLIVER. 



Lord Salisbury stands behind the royal chair, and beef- 
eaters and ladies of the court complete the scene. This, 
however, is specially described as ' designed by an amateur, 
etched by Gillray.' 

'A French Alarmist, or John Ikill looking out for the 
Grand Flotilla!!' (West, March 1804.) lie is on the 
coast, accompanied by his bull-dog, and armed with a 
sword, looking through a tclescoijc. ])ehind him is a 
J^'renchman, who is saying, ' i\h ! Ah! Monsieur fkiU, — 



1 6 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

dere you see our Grande flotilla — de grande gon boats — ma 
foi — dere you see em sailing for dc grand attack on your 
nation — dere you see de Bombs and de Cannons — Dere 
you see dc Grande Consul himself at dc head of his Le- 
gions. Dere you sec ' Ikit John Bull replies, ' Moun- 

seer, all this I cannot see — because 'tis not in sight.' 

We now come to the caricatures relating to the Empire. 

A print, attributed to Rowlandson (May 1804.-'), shows 
' A Great I\Ian on his Hobby Horse, a design for an In- 
tended Statue on the Place la Liberte at Paris.' Napoleon 
is riding the Jiigh horse ' Power,' which prances on a Globe. 

' A new F'rcnch Phantasmagoria ' is by an unknown 
artist (May 1804). John Bull cannot realise the fact of 
Napoleon being Emperor, but stares at him through an 
enormous pair of spectacles. ' l-51ess me, what comes here 
— its time to put on my large spectacles, and tuck up my 
trowsers. Why, surely, it can't be — it is Bonny too, for all 
that. Why what game be'st thee at now } acting a pla}- 
mayhap. What hast thcc got on th\- head there ? alwa\'s 
at some new freak or other.' Bonaparte, in imperial robes, 
and with crown and sceptre, holds out his hand, and 
sa\-s : ' What ! my old P'riend, Mr. I^ull, don't you know 
me .^ ' 

AnscU gives us (May 28, 1804) 'The P^rog and the Ox, 
or The lunperor of the Gulls in his stolen gear.' Napo- 
leon, \-cry small, is depicted as capering about in imperial 
robes, with an enormous crown made of coins, daggers, 
and a cup of poison ; his sceptre has for its top a guillotine. 
George the Third is regarding him through his glass. 
Napoleon says, ' There l^rother ! there ! I shall soon be as 
P)ig as }-ou, it's a real Crown, but it's cursed heavy, m\- I lead 
begins to ache alrcad\". I sa}' Can't we have a grand meet- 
ing like 1 Icnr\- the Sth and P'rancis tlie 1st?' King George 
cannot (juitc niake out the mannikin. ' What ha\-e we got 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 17 

here, eh? A fellow that has stolen some Dollars, and 
made a Crown of them, eh ? and then wants to pass them 
off for Sterling ; it won't go, it won't pass Fellow.' Beside 
the King is a bull, and behind Napoleon is a frog, who is 
trying to swell to the bull's proportions, whilst John Bull 
laughingly remarks, ' Dang it, why a looks as tho a'd burst : 
a'l nerr be zo big as one of our Oxen tho.' 

' Injecting blood Royal, or Phlebotomy at St. Cloud,' 
shews Napoleon, in his new phase of power, having the 
blood of a Royal Tiger infused into his veins. He says, 
' It's a delightful operation ! I feel the Citizenship oozing 
out at my fingers' ends. — let all the family be plentifully 
supplied ! Carry up a Bucket full to the Empress imme- 
diately ! ! ! ' 

In June 1804 I. Cruikshank drew a picture called 'the 
Right Owner.' Louis the Eighteenth appears to Napoleon, 
and, pointing to his crown, says, ' That's Mine.' Napoleon, 
who is seated on his throne, armed with sword, pistols, and 
dagger, shrinks back in violent alarm, exclaiming, ' Angels 
and Ministers of Grace defend me,' 

' A Proposal from the New Emperor ' is a caricature 
by Ansell (July 9, 1804). He comes, cap, or rather crown, 
in hand, to John Bull, saying, ' My Dear Cousin Bull — I 
have a request to make you — the good people whom I 
govern, have been so lavish of their favors towards me — 
that they have exhausted every title in the Empire — there- 
fore, in addition, I wish you to make me a Knight of 
Malta.' John Bull replies, ' I'll see you d — d first ! ! You 
know I told you so before.' 

' The Imperial Coronation ' is a very inartistic sketch 
by an unknown artist (July 31, 1804). Napoleon is being 
crowned by the Pope, wlio says, ' In a little time you shall 
sec him, and in a little time y(ju shall not sec him,' and 
then lets down the crown, with cruel force, by a rope and 
VOL. II. C 



1 8 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

pulley from the gibbet from which it has been suspended. 
Its weight crushes him through the platform on which he 
has been sitting, and he exclaims, ' My dear Talleyrand, 
save me ; My throne is giving way. I am afraid the found- 
ation is rotten, and wants a deal of mending.' Talleyrand 
sympathisingly answers, ' Oh, Master, Master, the Crown 
is too heavy for you.' 

I. Cruikshank drew ' Harlequin's last Skip ' (August 
23, 1804). Bonaparte is represented in a harlequin's suit, 
enormous cocked hat, boots, and a blackened face. His 
sword is broken, and, with upraised hands, in a supplicating 
attitude, he exclaims, ' O Sacre Dieu ! John Bull is de 
very Devil' John Bull, with upraised cudgel, says : ' Mr. 
Boney Part}% \'OU have changed Characters pretty often 
and famously well, and skipped about at a precious rate. 
But this Invasion hop is your last — we have got you snug 
— the devil a trap to get through here — Your conjuration 
sword has lost its Power ; you have lied till you are black 
in the face, and there is no believing a word you sa}- — so 
now you shall carry John Bull's mark about with you, as 
every swaggerer should.' 

' British men of war towing in the Invader's Fleet,' 
artist unknown (September 25, 1804), shows a number of 
English sailors seated on the necks of French and Dutch 
men, whom they are guiding over the sea to England. 
One sailor, evidently a Scotchman, is pulling his opponent's 
cars ; the poor Frenchman cries out, ' Oh Morbleu ! de 
salt A\ atcr make mc sick ; O mine pauvrc Ears ! ' but his 
ruthless conqueror has no pity, ' Deil tak your soul, )-e 
lubberly Loon, gin }-c dinna mak aw sail, I'll twist off\-our 
lugs.' An English sailor rides the redoubtable Bonc\-, and 
pulls his nose: 'Steady Master Emperor, if \'ou regard 
yoxw Imperial Xose. Remember a British Tar has \t)u in 
tow —No more of this wonderful, this great and mighty 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 19 

nation who frighten all the world with their buggabo 
invasion.' But Boney pleads, * Oh ! mercy, take me back, 
me will make you all Emperors ; it will be Boney here, 
Boney there, and Boney everywhere, and me wish to my 
heart me was dead.' An Irish sailor on a Dutchman yells 
out, ' By Jasus, my Jewel, these bum boats are quizzical 
toys and sure — heave ahead, you bog trotting spalpeen, 
or I shall be after keel hauling you. Huzza, Huzza, Huzza, 
my boys, Huzza ! 'Tis Britannia boys, Britannia rules the 
waves.' Another Dutchman complains, ' O Mynheer Jan 
English you vill break my back.' But the relentless sailor 
who bestrides him takes out his tobacco-box, and says, 
' Now for a quid of comfort ! pretty gig for Jack Tars. 
Good bye to your bombast, we're going to Dover, Was 
ever poor Boney, so fairly done over.' 

A most remarkable caricature by Ansell (October 25, 
1804) shows to what length party spirit will lead men — 
making truth entirely subservient to party purposes. It 
probably paid to vilify Napoleon, and consequently this 
picture was produced. It is called 'Boney's Inquisition. 
Another Specimen of his Humanity on the person of 
Madame Toussaint.' Whatever may be our opinion of 
his treatment of Toussaint I'Ouverturc, the only record 
we have in history (and I have expended much time 
and trouble in trying to find out the truth of the 
matterj is that liis famil}-, who were brought to France 
at the same time as himself, took up their residence 
at Agen, where his wife died in 18 16. His eldest son, 
Isaac, died at l^ordcaux in 1850. Now to describe the 
picture. Madame TOuxcrture is depicted as being bound 
to a stretcher ncarl}' naked, whilst three Frenchmen are 
tearing her breasts with red-hot pincers. Another is pulling 
out her finger-nails with a similar instrument. She ex- 
claims : 'Oil Justice! Oh lIumanit)-,Oh Dcceitfull Villain, 

c 2 



20 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

in vain you try to blot the Character of the English : 'tis 
their magnanimity which harrasses your dastard soul.' One 
of the torturers says : ' Eh ! Diable ! Why you no confess 
noting ? ' Napoleon is seated on his throne, watching the 
scene with evident delight, chuckling to himself, ' This is 
Luxury. Jaffa, Acre, Toulon and D'Enghien was nothing 
to it. Slave, those pincers are not half hot, save those 
nails for my Cabinet, and if she dies, we can make a 
confession for her.' 

' The Genius of France nursing her darling ' is by a new 







hand, T. B. d lie (November 2G, 1804). ' ]-'rancc, whilst 

dandling her darling, and amusing him with a rattle, sings — 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 21 

There's a little King Pippin 

He shall have a Rattle and Crown ; 

Bless thy five Wits,' my Baby, 
Mind it don't throw itself down ! 

Hey my Kitten, my Kitten, &c. 

An unknown artist (December 11, 1804) gives us 'The 
death of Madame Republique.' Madame lies a corpse on 
her bed. Sieyes, as nurse, dandles the new emperor. John 
Bull, spectacles on nose, inquires, ' Pray Mr. Abbe Sayes — 
what was the cause of the poor lady's Death ? She seem'd 
at one time in a tolerable thriving- way.' Sieyes replies, 
' She died in Child bed, Mr. Bull, after giving birth to this 
little Emperor.' 

' The Loyalist's Alphabet, an Original Effusion,' b)- 
James Bisset (September 3, 1804), consists of twenty- four 
small engravings, each in a lozenge. 

' A, stands for Albion's Isle,' — Britannia seated. 

' B, for brave Britons renown'd.' — A soldier and sailor shaking 

hands. 
' C, for a Corsican tyrant,' — Napoleon, with a skull, the guillotine, 

&c., in the background. 
' I), his dread downfall must sound.' — Being hurled from his 

throne by lightning. 
' E, for embattl'd we stand,' — A troop of soldiers. 
' F, 'gainst the French our proud Foes,' — shews England guarded 

by her ships, and the flotilla coming over. 
' C, for our glorious Gunners,' — Three artillerymen, and a cannon. 
' H, for Heroical blows,' — shews a ship being blown up. 
' I, for Invasion once stood,' — Some soldiers carousing. The 

English flao; above the tricolour. 



' False of Heart, lii;lit of Ear, bloody of Hand, 
Fox in Stealth, Wolf in Greediness, Dog in Madness, 
Lion in Prey ; -bless thy five Wits. 

King Liai\ act iii. scene 4. 



22 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

* J, proves 'twas all a mere Joke.' — A soldier laughing heartily, 

and holding his sides. 
' K, for a favorite King, to deal against Knaves a great stroke.' — ■ 

Medallion of George the Third. 
' L, stands for Liberties' laws,' — A cap of liberty, mitre, pastoral 

staff, crown, and open book. 

* M, Magna Charta's strong chain.' — A soldier, sailor, Highlander, 

and civilian, joining hands. 

* N, Noble Nelson, whom Neptune, near Nile crown'd the Lord 

of the Main,' — is a portrait of the Hero. 

* O, stands for Britain's fam'd Oak,' — which is duly portrayed. 

' P, for each brave British Prince.' — The three feathers show the 

Prince of Wales, in volunteer uniform. 
' Q, never once made a Question, Respecting the Deeds they"d 

evince,' — is an officer drawing his sword. 
' If R, for our Rights takes the field,' — is a yeomanry volunteer. 
' Or S, should a signal display,' — The British Standard. 
' They'd each call with T for the Trumpet. To Horse my brave 

boys and away.' — A mounted Trumpeter. 
' U, for United, we stand, V for our bold Volunteers,' — represents 

one of the latter. 
' Whom W welcomes in War, and joins loyal X in tliree Cheers.' — 

A soldier and sailor, with hands clasped, cheering. 
'■ With Y all our Youths sally forth, the standards of Freedom 

advance,' — is a cannon between two standards. 
' With Z proving Englishmen's Zeal, to huml)le the Zany of 

l''rance,'^shews Napoleon with a fool's ra}) on, cliained to 

the wall in a cell. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



23 



CHAPTER XL. 



napoleon's coronation. 



NArOLEOX's coronation was the great event of the year ; 
but some time before it was consummated the Enghsh 
caricaturist took advantage of it, and J. B. (West), in Sep- 
tember 1804, produced a ' Design for an Imperial Crown 
to be used at the Coronation of the New Emperor.' A 
perusal of the foregoing pages will render any explanation 
unnecessary. 













iij^iwii d ' '.ill r'uif/''// 




'"^7 



Napoleon omitted no ceremony which could enhance 
the pageant of his coronation. The Pope must be present : 



24 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

no meaner ecclesiastic should hallow this rite, and he was 
gently invited to come to Paris for this purpose. Poor 
Pius VII. had very little option in the matter. His master 
wanted him, and he must needs go ; but Napoleon gilded 
the chain which drew him. During the whole of his 
journey he was received with the greatest reverence, and 
could hardly have failed to have been impressed with the 
great care and attention paid to him. For instance, the 
dangerous places in the passage of the Alps were protected 
by parapets, so that his Holiness should incur no danger. 
On his arrival at Paris he was lodged in the Tuileries, and 
a very delicate attention was paid him — his bedchamber 
was fitted as a counterpart of his own in the palace of 
Monte-Cavallo, at Rome. 

The eventful 2nd of December came at last ; but, before 
wc note the ceremony itself, we must pause awhile to see 
how the ELnglish caricaturist treated the procession. 

Hardly any one of Gillray's caricatures (January i, 
1805) is as effective as 'The Grand Coronation Procession 
of Napoleone the ist, Emperor of France, from the Church 
of Notre Dame, Dec. 2nd, 1804. Redeunt Satania rcgna, 
lam nova progenies ccelo demittitur alto!' Huge bodies 
of troops form the background, whose different banners 
are — a comet setting the world ablaze ; an Imperial crown 
and the letters S P O N ; un Dieu, un Napoleon ; a ser- 
pent biting its tail, surrounding a crowned N. and a Sun, 
' Napoleone y° ist le Soleil de la Constitution.' 

The procession is headed by ' His Imperial Highness 
Prince Pouis Puonaparte Marbceuf ' (a delicate liint as to 
his paternity), ' High Constable of the Empire,' who, theatri- 
cally dressed, struts, carrying a drum-major's staff fashioiicd 
like a sceptre. Pehind him come 'The Three Imperial 
Graces, viz. their Imp. High. Princess Porghese, Princess 
Louis (chcr amic of y'' ICmpcror) & Princess Joseph Pona- 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



parte.' These ladies are clad in a most diaphanous cos- 
tume, which leaves little of their forms to the imagination, 
and they occupy themselves by scattering flowers as they 
pass along. 




jV 



:i2^^<fer:r^^ 



THE TI[Kr.E GRACF.^ 




TALLEYRAND, KIXC AT ARMS. 



After them comes ' Madame Talleyrand (ci-devant 
]\Irs. Halhead the Prophetess),' a stout, Jewish-looking 
woman, who is ' Conducting the Heir Apparent in y'' Path 
of Glory' — and a most precocious little imp it looks. After 
them hobbles ' Talleyrand Perigord, Prime Minister and 
King at Arms, bearing the Emperor's Genealogy,' which 
begins with ' Buone l^utcher,' goes on with 'Bonny Cuckold,' 
til! it reaches the apex of ' Boney P2mperor.' Pope Pius 
VII. follows, and under his cope is the devil disguised as 
an acolyte, bearing a candle ; Cardinal Fcsch is by, and 
acts as thurifcr. The incense is in clouds : ' Les Addresses 



26 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



des Municipalites de Paris — Les Adorations des Eadauds — 
Les Hommages des Canailles — Les Admirations dc5 Fous 
— Les Congratulations des Grenouilles — Les Humilitcs des 
Poltrons.' 

Then comes the central figures of the pageant, ' His 
Imperial Majesty Napoleone y^ i*^ and the Empress 




NAPOI.KOX IX HIS CORONATION ROUES. 



Josephine,' the former scowling ferociously, the latter 
looking blowsy, and fearfully stout. Three harridans, ' ci- 
devant I'oissardcs,' support her train, whilst that of Napo- 
leon is borne by a Spanish don, an Austrian hussar, and a 
Dutchman, whose tattered breeches testify to his poverty. 
These are styled ' Puissant Continental Powers — Train 
J^earcrs to the ]^2mpcror.' ]^\:)llowing them come ' l^erthier, 
l^crnadotte, Angerou, and all the bra\-e Train of Republican 
Generals ; ' but they arc handcuffed, and their faces display, 
unmistakably, the scorn in which they hold their old com- 
rade. Ik^iind them jjoscs a short corpulent figure, 'Senator 
h'ouchc, Intendant General of y'' Police, bearing the Sword 
of Justice.' Jkit Louche is not content with this weapon. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 27 

His other hand grasps an assassin's dagger, and both it, 
and the sword, are well imbrued in blood. The rear of the 
procession is made up of a ' Garde d'Honneur,' which con- 
sists of a gaoler with the keys of the Temple and a set of 
fetters ; a luotichard \v\ih. his report, ' Espionnage de Paris ; ' 
Monsieur de Paris^ the executioner, bears a coil of rope 
with a noose, and a banner with a representation of the 
guillotine — and a prisoner, holding aloft two bottles re- 
spectively labelled Arsenic and Opium. More banners and 
more soldiers fill up the background. 

What a sight that must have been on the morning of the 
2nd of December ! Visitors from all parts of France were 
there ; and the cathedral of Notre-Dame must have presented 
a gorgeous coup d\vil, with its splendid ecclesiastical vest- 
ments, its magnificent uniforms, and the beautiful dresses 
and jewels of the ladies. It can hardly be imagined, so 
had better be described in the words of an c)-ewitness, 
Madame Junot.^ 

' Who that saw Notre-Dame on that memorable day, 
can ever forget it } I have witnessed in that venerable 
pile the celebration of sumptuous and solemn festivals ; 
but never did I see anything at all approximating in splen- 
dour to the coup d\vil exhibited at Napoleon's Coronation. 
The vaulted roof re-echoed the sacred chanting of tlie 
priests, who invoked the blessing of the Almighty on the 
ceremony about to be celebrated, while they awaited the 
arrival of the Vicar of Christ, whose throne was prepared 
near the altar. Along the ancient walls of tapestr}' were 
ranged, according to their rank, the different bodies of the 
State, the deputies from every City ; in short, the repre- 
sentatives of all France assembled to implore the benedic- 
tion of Heaven on the sovereign of the people's choice. 
I'he waving plumes which adorned the liats of the 

' .]/ci/ioirs, \'iil. ii. \i. 345. 



28 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Senators, Counsellors of State, and Tribunes ; the splendid 
uniforms of the military ; the clergy in all their eccle- 
siastical pomp ; and the multitude of young and beautiful 
women, glittering in jewels, and arrayed in that st\'le of 
grace and elegance which is only seen in Paris ; — altogether 
presented a picture which has, perhaps, rarely been equalled, 
and certainly never excelled. 

' The Pope arrived first ; and at the moment of his 
entering the Cathedral, the anthem Tu es Petnis was com- 
menced. His Holiness advanced from the door with an 
air at once majestic and humble. Ere long, the firing of 
cannon announced the departure of the procession from 
the Tuileries. P'rom an early hour in the morning the 
weather had been exceedingly unfavourable. It was cold 
and rainy, and appearances seemed to indicate tb.at the 
procession would be an}-thing but agreeable to those who 
joined it. But, as if by the especial favour of Providence, 
of which so many instances are observable in the career of 
Xapoleon, the clouds suddenly dispersed, the sky brightened 
up, and the multitudes who lined the streets from the 
Tuileries to the Cathedral, enjoyed the siglit of the ])roccs- 
sion, without being, as they had anticipated, drenched b)' a 
December rain. Napoleon, as he passed along, \\-as greeted 
by heartfelt expressions of enthusiastic love and attach- 
ment. 

' On his arrival at Notre-Dame, Napoleon ascended the 
throne, which was erected in front of the grand altar. 
Josephine took her place beside him, surrounded b}' the 
assembled sovereigns of pAU'ope. Napoleon appeared sin- 
gularly calm. I watched him narrowl}-, with the \ie\v of 
discovering whether his heart beat more highly beneath 
the imperial trappings, than under the uniform of the 
guards ; but I could observe no difference, and \"ct I was 
at the distance of onl)- ten paces from him. Ihc length of 



ON NAPOLEON THE EIRST. 29 

the ceremony, however, seemed to weary him ; and I saw 
him several times check a yawn. Nevertheless, he did 
everything he was required to do, and did it with pro- 
priety. When the Pope anointed him with the triple 
unction on his head and both hands, I fancied, from the 
direction of his eyes, that he was thinking of wiping off 
the oil rather than of anything else ; and I was so perfectly 
acquainted with the workings of his countenance, that I 
have no hesitation in saying that was really the thought 
that crossed his mind at that moment. During the cere- 
mony of anointing, the Holy P^ather delivered that impres- 
sive prayer which concluded with these words : — " Diffuse, 
O Lord, by my hands, the treasures of your grace and 
benediction on your servant, Napoleon, whom, in spite of 
our personal unworthiness, ive this day anoint Enipcror, in 
your namei" Napoleon listened to this prayer with an air 
of pious devotion ; but just as the Pope was about to take 
the crown, called the Crozvn of Charlemagne^ from the 
altar. Napoleon seized it, and placed it on his own head. 
At that moment he was really handsome, and his counten- 
ance was lighted up with an expression, of which no words 
can convey an idea. He had removed the wreath of laurel 
which he wore on entering the church, and which encircles 
his brow in the fine picture of Gerard. The crown was, 
perhaps, in itself, less becoming to him ; but the expression 
excited by the act of putting it on, rendered him perfectly 
handsome. 

' When the moment arrived for Josephine to take an 
active part in the grand drama, she descended from the 
throne and advanced towards the altar, \vhcre the ICmperor 
awaited her, followed b\' her retinue of Court ladies, and 
having her train borne by the I'rincesscs Caroline, Julie, 
PJiza, and Louis. One of the chief beauties (jf the ICmpress 
Josephine was not merely her fine figure, but tlie elegant 



30 E A' GUSH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

turn of her neck, and the way in which she carried her 
head ; indeed, her deportment, altogether, was conspicuous 
for dignity and grace. I have had the honour of being 
presented to many real princesses, to use the phrase of the 
Faubourg St. -Germain, but I never saw one who, to my 
eyes, presented so perfect a personification of elegance and 
majesty. In Napoleon's countenance, I could read the 
conviction of all I have just said. He looked with an air 
of complaccnc}' at the Empress as she advanced towards 
him ; and when she knelt down — when the tears, which 
she could not repress, fell upon her clasped hands, as they 
were raised to Heaven, or rather to Napoleon — both then 
appeared to enjoy one of those fleeting moments of pure 
felicity, which are unique in a lifetime, and serve to fill up 
a lustrum of }-ears. The Emperor performed, with peculiar 
grace, every action required of him during the ceremony ; 
but his manner of crowning Josephine was most remark- 
able : after receiving the small crown, surmounted by the 
Cross, he had first to place it on his own head, and then 
to transfer it to that of the Empress. When the moment 
arrived for placing the crown on the head of the woman, 
whom popular superstition regarded as his good genius, 
his manner was almost playful. He took great pains to 
arrange this little crown, which was placed over Josephine's 
tiara of diamonds ; he put it on, then took it off, and finalh- 
put it on again, as if to promise her she should wear it 
graccfuU}- and Hghtl}-.' 

It is almost painful, after reading this vivid and soul- 
stirring description, to have to descend to the level of 
tlic caricaturist descanting on the same subject ; it is 
a kind of moral douche bath, giving all one's ner\'es a 
sJiock. 

Soon made tliey every preparation 
Vox a most brilliant coronation : 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



31 



Twas on, as must each bard remember, 
The nineteenth day of dark November ' 
"When all the streets were strew'd with sand, 
T' exhibit a procession grand ; 
And the Cathedral, lately scorn'd. 
With sumptuous frippery adorn'd. 
Brave Bonaparte and Josephine, 
Preceded by the Pope, walked in ; 
His Holiness the crown anointed. 
And Boney Emperor appointed. 




JOSEPHINE AT THE 
CORONATION. 



NAPOLEON CROWNINC HIMSELF 



Then Corsica's impatient son, 

Snatch'd up the Crown, and put it on. 

The Crown was decked with French fri])pcr)-, 

And with the oil, was rendered slippery ; 

Nap kei)t it on, tho', without dread, 

To let them know /le had a /wad. 

And as to dally he was loth, 

He rapidly proncnmc'd the oatli — 

As soon as lie the oath liad swallow'd, 

Another (Joronalion followVl- - 

' Cuiiniljc evidently did iiol thiiil< c]ir(jii()!(iL;ical accuracy of any iiiiporlancc. 
fnr Xaijolcon's corunalion wa- do J)ccciiil)cr 2, even if reckoning;' old sl)-lc. 



32 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



Fair Josephine advanced, and lo ! 

Nap put on her a crown also. 

'Ah me ! ' thought she, ' there's soinething wrong, 

I fear it will drop off ere long.' 

Of holy oil, it seems, the fair 

Had got too plentiful a share. 

This pantomimic business o'er. 

Now marched they grandly as before ; 

For, tinsell'd pageantry united 

With an equestrian troop, delighted 




JOSEPHIXK AS KMI'KESS. 



The new-made Emperor of Paris, 
As much as Covent Garden Harris ; 
And all the people, for this wise end, 
^Vere in the finest garments dizen'd ; 
They finish'd with illuminations. 
Songs, music, dancing and orations. 
The white wine, which in fountains llow'd, 
Considerable mirth bestow'd. 
The folks enjoy'd, free of expence. 
The glare of lights, which was immense : 
And the new Emperor, witli glee. 
Drank, till no longer he could see. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 33 

Authentic news of the coronation did not reach England 
for nearly a fortnight, and it was not till December 15 that 
the ' Times ' was able to give its readers a full account of 
the ceremon)-. ' The Thunderer ' waxed very wroth about 
it, as may be seen by the following extract from its leader 
of that date : — 

' The " Moniteur " merely insinuates that the sun mira- 
culously penetrated through a thick fog, to be present 
at it : a compliment which is a little diminished by a 
subsequent assertion, that the lamps were afterwards able 
to supply his place by giving a noon-day brilliancy to the 
night. Then follows a disgusting hypocritical panegyric 
upon the union of civil and religious acts and ceremonies, 
the sublime representation of all that human and divine 
affairs could assemble to strike the mind — the venerable 
Apostolic virtues of the poor Pope, and the most astonish- 
ing genius of Buonaparte crowned by the most astonishing 
destin}- ! 

' The public will find these details, under their proper 
head, in this paper. To us, we confess, all that appears 
worthy of remark or memory in that opprobrious day is, 
that amongst all the Royalists and Republicans of France, 
it was able to produce neither a Brutus nor a CliM'.i^EAS ! 

' The da}' subsequent to the coronation, the people of 
Paris were entertained upon the bridges, boulevards, and 
public places, with popular sports, dancing, and other pas- 
times and di\'crsions. 

' Upon the Place de Concorde, still stained with the blood 
of the lawful sovereign of France, were erected saloons and 
[)avilions for dancing tcaltrjcs. Medals were given away 
to the populace ; illuminations, artificial fircwr)rks, panto- 
mimes, and buffoons, musicians, tem])orar}- theatres, c\-cry- 
thing was represented and admiin'stcrcd tliat could intoxicate 
and di\"ert this vain and wicked peo[)le from contemplating 
\oi.. II. D 



34 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

the crime they were committing. To the profanation of 
the preceding day, it seems that all the orgies of wanton- 
ness and corruption succeeded in the most curious and 
careful rotation, and that all the skill and science of the 
Davids and Chexiers has been exhausted to keep them 
for four and twenty hours from thinking upon what they 
had done.' 

But not only in leaders did the ' Times ' pour forth its 
wrath ; it published little jokelets occasionally, which were 
meant to be very stinging, as, for instance : ' Monsieur 
Napoleon has distributed his Eagles by thousands. What 
his talents might be doubtful of accomplishing, he expects 
from his talons! 

The ' Daily Advertiser, too, of December 1 5 contains 
some pretty sentiments on the coronation, such as, ' If 
^Modern Europe will, after such fair notice, and a notice so 
often repeated, by the French Government, still remain in 
sluggish inaction, in stupid astonishment, at the success of 
that Ruffian, who now wields the sceptre of CiiARLEMACiXE, 
and has dragooned the Pope to his Coronation, it is evident 
that nations so besotted are only fit to be enslaved.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 35 



CHAPTER XLI. 

napoleon's letter to OEORGE the third — NAVAL VICTORIES- - 
CROWNED KING OF ITALY — ALLIANCE OF EUROPE -WITHDRAWAL OF 
THE 'ARMY OF ENGLAND.' 

Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commence- 
ment of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George 
the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to 
both countries. 

The text of this letter, and its answer, arc as follow: — 

Sire, my brother, — Called to the throne by Providence, and the 
suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling 
was the desire for peace. France and England abuse their pro- 
sperity : they may continue their strife for ages ; but will their 
governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties 
which they owe to their people? And how will they answer to 
their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without 
the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects ? I am not 
ashamed to make the first advances. I have, I flatter myself, 
sufficiently proved to the world that I fear none of the chances of 
war. It presents nothing which I have occasion to fear. Peace 
is the wish of my heart ; l)ut war has never been adverse to my 
glory. I conjure your Majesty, therefore, not to refuse yourself 
the satisfaction of giving peace to the world. Never was an occa- 
sion more favourable for calming the j)assions, and giving car only 
to the sentiments of humanity and reason. If that oi^jjortunity be 
lost, what limit can be assigned to a war which all my efforts have 
been unable to terminate? ^'our Majesty has gained more during 
tlie last ten years tlian tlie whole extent of ]uiro])e in riclies and 

D 2 



36 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

territoty : your subjects are in the very highest state of prosperity : 
what can you expect from a war ? To form a Coalition of the 
Continental powers ? Be assured the, Coahtion will remain at 
peace. A coalition will only increase the strength and prepon- 
derance of the French Empire. To renew our intestine divisions? 
The times are no longer the same. To destroy our finances ? 
P'inances founded on a flourishing agriculture can never be de- 
stroyed. To wrest from France her Colonies ? They are to her 
only a secondary consideration ; and your Majesty has already 
enough and to spare of these possessions. Upon reflection, you 
must, I am persuaded, yourself arrive at the conclusion, that the 
war is maintained without an object ; and what a melancholy pro- 
s])ect, for two great nations to combat merely for the sake of fighting ! 
The world is surely large enough for both to live in ; and reason 
has still sufficient power to find the means of reconciliation, if the 
inclination only is not wanting. I have now, at least, discharged 
a duty dear to my heart. May your Majesty trust to the sincerity 
of the sentiments which I have now expressed, and tlic reality of 
mv desire to give the most convincing proofs of it. 

George the Third coulcl not, constitutionally, personally 
reply to this letter, so Lord Muli^rave answered it, under date 
of Januar}' 14, and addressed it to Talleyrand. It ran thus : 

His Britannic Majesty has received the letter addressed to 
liim by the Chief of the French Government. There is nothing 
which Iiis Majesty has more at heart, than to seize the first opi)or- 
tunity of restoring to his subjects the blessings of peace, provided 
it is founded upon a basis not incompatible with the permanent 
interests, ami security, of his domituons. His jNIajesty is persuaded 
lliat that object cannot be attained Init !))• arrangements, wliich 
may at the same time i)roviJe for tlie future j)eace, and securit)-, 
of Europe, and prevent a renewal of tlie dangers, and misfortunes, 
by wliicli it is now overwhelmed. In conformity with tliese senti- 
ments, his Majesty feels that he cannot give a more specific 
answer to the overture whicli he lias recei\-ed until lie has had 
time to communicate with the Continental powers to whom he 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 2>7 

is united in the most confidential manner, and particularly the 
Emperor of Russia, who has given the strongest proofs of the 
wisdom, and elevation, of the sentiments by which he is animated, 
and of the lively interest which he takes in the security and inde- 
pendence of Europe. 

Apropos of this pacific overture, there is a very badly 
drawn picture by Woodward (February i, 1805), 'A New 
Phantasmagoria for John Bull' Napoleon is seated on 
the French coast, directing his magic lantern towards John 
Bull, exclaiming, ' Begar de brave Galante shew for Jonny 
Bull.' The magic lantern slide shows Napoleon coming 
over on a visit, with a tricoloured flag in one hand, the 
other leading the Empress Josephine, whose dress is senu'c 
with bees. ' Here we come Johnny — A flag of Truce 
Johnny — something like a Piece ! all decked out in Bees, 
and stars, and a crown on her head ; not such a patched 
up piece as the last,' The Russian bear is on one rock, 
John Bull on another — the latter having his sword drawn. 
He says : ' You may be d — d, and your piece too ! I sup- 
pose you thought I was off the watch — I tell you, I'll say 
nothing to you till I have consulted l^rother Ikuin, and 1 
hear him growling terribly in the offing.' 

So we see that there was no hope of peace, as yet, and 
the war goes on. I can hardly localise the following cari- 
cature : — 

Argus (January 24, 1805) drew 'The glorious Pui'suit 
of Ten against Seventeen. 

Ood like his Courage seem'd, whom nor Delight 
Could soften, nor the Face of Death affright.' 

The French and Spaniards arc in full flight, calling out, 
' l')y Gar dare be dat tam Nelson dat Salamander dat do 
love to live in de fire, by Gar we make haste out of liis 
way, or he blow us all up.' Nelson leads on nine old sea 



38 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

dogs, encouraging them thus : ' The Enemy are flying 
before you my brave fellows, Seventeen against Ten of us. 
Crowd all the Sail you can, and then for George, Old 
England — Death or Victory !! !' His followers utter such 
sentences as the following : ' My Noble Commander, we'll 
follow you the world over, and shiver my Timbers but we 
shall soon bring up our lee way, and then, as sure as my 
name is Tom Grog, we'll give them another touch of the 
Battle of the Nile ' — ' May I never hope to sec Poll again, if 
I would not give a whole month's flip if these lubberly 
Parly vous would but just stop one half watch,' &c. &c. 

The style in which our sailors worked is very apil}' 
illustrated in a letter from an officer on board the Fisgard, 
off Cape St. Vincent, dated November 28, 1804.' We 
must remember that war was not officially declared against 
Spain until January ii, 1805 ; but this gentleman writes: 
' We cannot desire a better station ; we heard of hostilities 
with Spain on October the 15th, and on that very day we 
captured two Ships. Lord Nelson received from us the 
first intelligence — we have already taken twelve ships and 
entertain hopes of as many more. Yesterday we fell in 
with the Do)iegal, Capt. Sir R. Strachan, who has taken a 
large Spanish Frigate, the AinpJiitrite^ after a chase of 46 
hours, and i 5 minutes' action, in which the Spanish Cap- 
tain was killed ; the prize was from Cadiz, with despatches 
for Teneriffe and the Havana, laden with stores. The 
AmpJiitrite Frigate, of 42 Guns, was one of the fiiicst 
Frigates in the Spanish Nav}'. The Donegal chased the 
AmpJiitrite for several hours, sometimes gaining upon her, 
and sometimes losing; at length the AmpJiitrite carried 
away her mizen top mast, which enabled the Donegal to 
come up with her. A l^oat was then despatched by Sir 
Richard for the purpose of bringing the Spanish Captain 

' 77ic X(ual Chrouiclc, iSov 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



39 



on board. Some difficulty arose from neither party under- 
standing the language of the other ; at length Sir Richard 
acquainted the Spanish Captain, that in compliance with 
the Orders he had received from his Admiral, he was under 
the necessity of conducting the Ai)iphitrite back again to 
Cadiz, and he allowed the Spanish Captain three minutes 
to determine whether he would comply without compelling 
him to have recourse to force. After waiting six minutes 
in vain for a favourable answer, the Donegal fired into the 
Aviphitrite, which was immediately answered with a broad- 
side. An engagement then ensued, which lasted about 
eight minutes, when the Aniphitrite struck her colours. 
During this short engagement the Spanish Captain was 
unfortunately killed by a musket ball. The Donegal has 
also captured another Spanish ship, supposed the richest 
that ever sailed from Cadiz, her cargo reported worth 
200,000/.' 

Another letter, dated November 29, adds, ' We have 
this day taken a large Ship from the River de la Plata.' 

They had captured the following ships previous to 
December 3 : — 

Nostra Signora del Rosario . value 

II Fortuna 

St. Joseph 

La \'irgine Assumpto . 

Apollo .... 

Signora del Purificationc 

Fawkct .... 

Clustavus Ado]i)hus 

A Settee 

A Ship witli Naval Stores 



^10,000 
8,000 

I 2,000 
6,000 

15,000 

40,000 

1, 100 

1,000 

600 

40,000 



On hY^bruary 26, 1805, Gillray published 'The Pkunl) 
I^udding in danger ; or State Epicures taking un Petit 
Souper — ' the great globe itself, and all which it inherits, 



40 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



' is too small to satisfy such insatiable appetites.' Napoleon 
is taking all Europe, whilst Pitt is calmly appropriating all 
the ocean to himself. 




THE ri.UMl! I'UDDIXr, IN DANCER. 

There is now almost a total cessation of caricature until 
the autumn ; and it probably was in this wise. Napoleon 
did not actively bother this country ; his thoughts were, 
for the time, elsewhere. On March 17 a deputation from 
the Italian Republic waited upon him, stating that it was 
the desire of their countrymen that he should be their 
monarch, and accordingly on April 2 he and Josephine left 
Paris for Milan. 

Another project fill'd his head, 
For vanity must still be fed ; 
A second Charlemagne to prove. 
Our hero resolutely strove. 
Addresses manufactured he, 
All wliich were sent to Italy ; 
To get additional renown, 
He to restore the iron crown 
Of Italy resolved, — by which 
He hoped his pockets to enricli. 
T' obtain, was certainly his aim, 



ON NAPOLEON THE EIRST. 41 

O'er the Peninsula, a claim. 
Now, Nap, while filling out his wine, 
Told Josephine his bold design — 
' My dear,' said he, and kiss'd her lip. 
To Italy, we'll take a trip.' 
To bring about this great event. 
The Emperor and Empress went. 
When in Milan they both arrived, 
To coax the people Nap contrived ; 
And being a great Saint believed. 
With adulation was receiv'd ; 
He, by his condescension, proved 
How dearly he his cJiildreii loved. 
And on the Twenty Sixth of May 
Began our hero to display 
Another Coronation splendid. 
While on a throne he sat attended. 
Now highly honor'd and rever'd. 
The diadem of France ap])ear'd 
On his right hand, and infer alia, 
All its magnificent regalia. 
Whilst on his left hand, to the sight, 
The crown of iron s^mrkled bright ; 
Tho' iron, this they used to call, 
The cross was iron, that was all.' 
The rest was diamonds and pure gold, 
And very lovely to behold. 
The Cardinal Archbisho]) then 
Jjegan the ceremony — when 
Nap was Italian King protested. 
And witli th' insignia too invested ; 

' As a mailer ui fact, ihc cr(j\vn is a broad circh; o{ t^ol.!, scl with lari^c 
ruLies, emeralds, and snjjphircs, on a f^round of Mue and gold enamel. The 
reason of its being called tlie ' Iron Crown ' is that, running round the centre 
ol the interior of the circle is a thin and narrow hand of iron, which is siip- 
jjosed to be nianuTactiired from one of the nails used in the (rucifixion of our 
Saviour, and given by St. Helena to her s(jn Constantine as a talisman to 
protect him in battle. 



42 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

The altar steps he hasten'd soon up, 

And taking quick the precious boon up, 

He placed the Crown upon his head, 

And in a voice of thunder said 

' Since heav'n has giv'n to me this Crown, 

Who dares to touch it, I'll knock him down.' ^ 

An amateur drew, and Gillray etched (August 2, 
1805), 'St. George and the Dragon, a Design for an 
Equestrian Statue from the Original in Windsor Castle.' 
Napoleon (a most ferocious dragon) has seized upon poor 
Britannia, who, dropping her spear and shield, her hair 
dishevelled, and her dress disordered, with upraised arm, 
attempts to avert her fate ; but St. George (George the 
Third) on horseback, comes to the rescue, and, smiting that 
dragon, cleaves his crown. 

As a practical illustration of the servile adulation with 
which he was treated, take the following etching by Wood- 
ward (September 15, 1805): 'Napoleon's Apotheosis An- 
ticipated, or the Wise Men of Leipsic sending Boney to 
Heaven before his time ! ! ! At the German University of 
Leipsic, it was decreed that the Constellation called Orion's 
Belt should hereat'ter be named Napoleon in Honor of that 
Hero. — Query — Did the Wise men of Leipsic mean it as 
an honor, or a reflection on the turbulent spirit of Boney, 
as tire rising of Orion is generally accompanied with 
Storms and Tempests, for which reason he has the Sword 
in his hand.' Orion has his belt round Napoleon's neck, 
and is hoisting him up to heaven thereby ; Napoleon is 
kicking and struggling, and exclaims,' What arc you about 
— I tell you I would rather stay where I was.' The German 
savants are watching him through their telescopes, saying, 
i- He mounts finely ' — ' I think we have now made ourselves 

' Free translation for ' God has given it me — let him Iiewarc who would 
touch it,' the usual form of words when this cro\\n was u<ed. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 43 

immortal ' — ' It was a sublime idea ' — 'Orion seems to receive 
him better than I expected.' This is confirmed in ' Scot's 
Magazine,' 1807 ' : 'The University of Leipzig has resolved 
henceforth to call by the name of Napoleon that group of 
stars which lies between the girdle and the sword of Orion ; 
and a numerous deputation of the University was appointed 
to present the " Conqueror " with a map of the group so 
named ! ' 

Napoleon hardly reckoned on Austria taking up arms 
against him without a formal declaration of war, and was 
rather put to it to find men to oppose the Allies, whose 
forces were reckoned at 250,000 men ; whilst France, 
though with 275,000 men at her disposal, had 180,000 of 
them locked up in the so-called ' Army of England.' \Vc 
can imagine his chagrin in having to forego his cherished 
plan of invasion, and being compelled to withdraw his 
troops from the French shores. 

The ' Times ' (how different a paper it was in those 
days to what it is now !) is jubilant thereupon.- ' The 
Scene that now opens upon the soldiers of France, by 
being obliged to leave the coast and march eastwards, is 
sadly different from that Land of Promise, which, for two 
years, has been held out to them, in all sorts of gay delu- 
sions. After all the efforts of the Imperial Boat-Builder, 
instead of sailing over the Channel, they will have to cross 
the Rhine. The bleak forests of Suabia will make but a 
sorry exchange for the promised spoils of our Docks and 
Warehouses. They will not find any equivalent for the 
plunder of the Baiik in another bloody passage through 
" the Valley of II el T' ; but thc}- seem to have forgotten the 
magnificent promise of the Milliard' 

The French papers affected to make light of thi.^ 
death-blow to their hopes ; (;nc of them, c[uotcd in tlic 

' \''>1. \\\\. ]). 763. - Scpteniljtr II, 1S05. 



44 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

'Times' of September 13, says: 'Whilst the German 
Papers, with much noise, make more troops march than all 
the Powers together possess, France, which needs not to 
augment her forces in order to display them in an im- 
posing manner, detaches a few thousand troops from the 
Army of England to cover her frontiers, which are menaced 
by the imprudent conduct of Austria.' 

The caricaturist, of course, made capital out of it, and 
Rowlandson (October i, 1805) designed 'The departure 
from the Coast or the End of the Farce of Invasion.' 
Napoleon, seated on a sorry ass, is sadly returning, inland, 
homeward, to the intense delight of some French monkeys. 
His Iron Crown is tottering off his head, and his steed is 
loaded with the Boulogne Encampment, the Army of 
PLngland, and Excuses for non-performance. The British 
Lion on the English cliffs lifts his leg and gives Boney 
a parting salute. The latter exclaims, ' Bless me, what a 
shower ! I shall be wet through before I reach the Rhine.' 

The action of the Allies is shown by the caricature, 
' Tom Thumb at Bay, or the Sovereigns of the Poorest 
roused at last,' by Ansell (October 1805), which shows the 
Lilliputian P^mperor, who has thrown away his crown and 
sceptre, being fiercely pursued by a double-headed eagle, 
a bear, and a boar, and is rushing into the open jaws of 
a ferocious lion. ' Which way shall I escape t If I fly 
from the Bear and the Eagle, I fall into the jaws of the 
Lion ! ! ' Holland, Spain, and Italy, all have yokes round 
their necks — but, seeing Bonaparte's condition, Holland 
takes his off and lays it on the ground. The Spaniard, 
surprised, exclaims, ' Why ! Mynheer, you have got your 
yoke off!' And the Italian, who is preparing to remove 
liis, says, ' I think Mynheer's right, and now's the time, 
Don, to get ours off.' An army of rats is labelled, ' Co- 
Lstatcs ready to assist.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 45 



CHAPTER XLII. 

SUKRENDEK OF ULM — IIATTLE OF TKAFAUIAR - PROI'OSAI.S FOR PEACE- 
DANIEL LAMR.ERT. 

Meantime the Austrians were in a very awkward position. 
General Mack was, from October 13, closely invested in 
Ulm, and Napoleon had almost need to restrain his troops, 
who were flushed with victory and eac^'cr for the assault. 
The carnage on both sides would, in such a case, have been 
awful ; but Napoleon clearly pointed out to Mack his 
position : how that, in eight days, he would be forced to 
caj. _alatc for want of food : that the Russians were }-et far 
off, having scarcely reached ]3ohemia ; that no other aid 
was nigh : — and on October 20, the gates of Ulm were 
opened, and 36,000 Austrian troops slowly defiled there- 
from. Sixteen generals surrendered with Mack, and Napo- 
leon treated them generous!}-. All the officers were allowed 
to go home, their parole, not to fight against France until 
there had been a general exchange of prisoners, only being 
required ; and Napoleon sent 50,000 prisoners into France, 
distributing them throughout the agricultural districts. 

Gillra)- drew (No\-embcr 6, 1805) 'The Surrender of 
Ulm, or Ikionaparte and Gen' ?\Iack- coming to a right 
understanding — Intended as a .Specimen of I'^'cnch X'ictories. 
— i.e. Concjuering without ISloodshed ! ! ! ' It shows a little 
Napcjleou, seated on a drum, whilst ?^Iack and some othci' 
generals are gi-o\'clling on all fours, delixx-ring up their 



46 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

swords, banners, and the keys of Ulm, to the conqueror. 
Napoleon, pointing to three large sacks of money, borne 
by as many soldiers, exclaims : ' There's your Price ! 
There's Ten Millions — Tvv-enty ! ! It is not in my Arm.y 
alone that my resources of Conquering consists ! ! I hate 
victory obtain'd by effusion of blood.' ' And so do I,' says 
the crawling ]Mack ; ' What signifies Fighting when we can 
settle it in a safer way.' On the ground is a scroll of 
' Articles to be deliver'd up. i Field Marshal. 8 Generals 
in Chief 7 Lieutenant Generals. 36 Thousand Soldiers. 80 
pieces of Cannon. 50 Stand of Colours. 100,000 Pounds of 
Powder. 4,000 Cannon Balls.' 

This subject also attracted the pencil of I. Cruikshank 
(November 19, 1805) : ' Boney beating Mack — and Nelson 
giving him a Whack ! ! or the British Tars giving Boney 
his Hearts desire. Ships, Colonies and Commerce.' Mack 
is kneeling in a suppliant manner before Bonaparte, who 
stamps upon his captive's sword, addressing him : ' I want 
not your Forts, your Cities, nor your territories ! Sir, I ^nly 
want Ships, Colonies and Commerce ' — a very slight varia- 
tion from the real text of his address to the vanquished 
Austrian officers : ' I desire nothing further upon the Con- 
tinent. I want ships, colonies, and commerce ; and it is 
as much your interest, as mine, that I should have them.' 
During this peroration military messengers are arriving. 
One calls out, ' r^Iay it please your King's ]\Iajest}''s Em- 
peror. That Dam Nelson take all your ships. Twenty at 
a time. ]3cgar, if you no come back directly they \ill not 
leave you vonc boat to go over in.' Another runs along 
crying, ' Run, ma foi, anoder Dam Nelson take ever so 
many more ships.' This is an allusion to the battle of 
Trafalgar (October 21, 1805),' where Nelson paid for his 

' The ne'>\s nf tlic victory at Trafalgar was only published on Xovemljer 6. 



ox NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 47 

victory with his life. This is further illustrated in another 
portion of the engraving, by Nelson, who is towing the 
captured vessels, kneeling at Britannia's feet, saying : ' At 
thy feet, O Goddess of the seas, I resign my life in the 
service of my country.' Britannia replies : ' My Son, thy 
Name shall be recorded in the page of History on tablets 
of the brightest Gold.' 

Rowlandson (November 13, 1805) further alludes to 
the surrender of Ulm and the battle of Trafalgar : ' Nap 
Buonaparte in a fever on receiving the Extraordinary 
Gazette of Nelson's Victory over the combined Fleets.' 
Boney is very sick and miserable, the combined effects of 
the news which he has read in the paper which falls from 
his trembling hands — the ' Extraordinary Gazette. 19 Sail 
of the line taken by Lord Nelson.' He appeals to four 
doctors, who arc in consultation on his case : ' My dear 
Doctors I those Sacre Anglois have play'd the Devil vid 
my Constitution. Pray tell me what is the matter with 
me. I felt the first symptoms when I told Gen' ?klack I 
wanted Ships, Colonies and Commerce. Oh dear ! oh 
dear ! I shall want more ships now — this is a cursed sen- 
sation—Oh I am very qualmish.' One doctor opines it is 
' a desperate case,' another that he is ' Irrecoverable.' One 
recommends bleeding ; but one has thoroughly investigated 
the case, and found out the cause : ' Begar, mc have found 
it owt, your heart be in your breecJies !' 

Now with such fury tliey push'd on, 

Memmengen tlic l''rench Army von, 

And by the trcacliery of Mack, 

Ulm surrendered in a crack — 

Soon after the cajjitulation, 

'I'he Austrians with consternation 

Laid down their arms, and to tlieir sliam;-, 

Napoleon's prisoners became 



48 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

There were no caricatures of the battle of Trafalgar — 
the victory was purchased at too great a cost ; but GiHray 
executed a serious etching in memory of Nelson, published 
on December 29, 1805, the funeral of the hero taking place 
on the subsequent 9th of January. 

The following caricature shows the quality of news 
supplied to our forefathers : — 

' John Bull exchanging News with the Continent ' is by 
Woodward, December ii, 1805, and represents Napoleon 
and a French newsboy on a rock called Falsehood, disse- 
minating news the reverse of true. The ' Journal de 
I'Empire ' says that Archduke Charles is dead with 
fatigue; the 'Journal de Spectacle' that England is in- 
vaded. The ' Gazette de France ' informs us that the 
English fleet is dispersed, and the ' Publicite ' follows it 
with the news that the combined fleets are sent in pursuit. 
False bulletins are being scattered broadcast. These, how- 
ever, have but little effect on John Bull, who, attired as a 
newsboy, stands on the rock of Truth, flourishing a paper, 
' Trafalgar London Gazette extraordinary,' and bellowing 
through his horn, ' Total defeat of the Combin'd Fleets of 
France and Spain,' which is vividly depicted in the back- 
ground. 

' Tiddy doll, the great French Gingerbread leaker, 
drawing out a new Batch of Kings — his man Hopping 
Tallcy mixing up the Dough,' is a somewhat elaborate 
etching by Gillray (January 23, 1806). The celebrated 
gingerbread maker has, on a ' peel,' three kings, duly gilt 
— Bavaria, Wurtcmbcrg, and leaden- — which he is just in- 
troducing into the ' New French Oven for Imperial Ginger- 
bread.' On a chest of three drawers, relativcl}' labelled 
Kings and Queens, Crowns and Sceptres, and Suns and 
Moons, are a quantit)^ of ' Little Dough Viceroys, intended 
for the next batch.' Under the oven is an ' Ash hole for 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



49 



broken Gingerbread,' and a broom — ' the Corsican Besom 
of Destruction ' — has swept therein La Republique Fran- 
^aise, Italy, Austria, Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, 
Holland, and Venice. On the ground is a fool's cap and 
bells, which acts as a cornucopia (labelled ' Hot Spiced 
Gingerbread, all hot ; Come, who dips in my lucky bag '), 
which disgorges stars and orders, principalities, dukedoms, 
crowns, sceptres, cardinals' hats, and bishops' mitres ; and a 
baker's basket is full of ' True Corsican Kinglings for Home 
Consumption and Exportation.' 




TIDDY DOLL, THE CKEAT FRENCH GINGERBREAD llAKER, DRAWING 
OUT A NEW BATCH OF KINCJS. 



Talleyrand — with a mitre on his head, and beads and 
cross round his waist, to show his ecclesiastical status ; 
with a pen in his mouth, and ink-pot slung to his side, to 
denote his diplomatic functions — is hard at work at the 
' Political Kneading Trough,' mixing up Hungary, Poland, 
Turkey, &c., whilst an eagle (Prussia) is pecking at a piece 
of dough (Hanover). 

To thoroughly understand this caricature, wc must first 
of all know something about Tiddy Doll. He was a seller 
VOL. II. E 



5° 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



of gingerbread, and was as famous in his time as was Colly 
Molly Puff'm. the time of Steele and Addison. He had a 
refrain, all his own, like a man well known to dwellers in 
Brighton and the West End of London — ' Brandy balls' 
Hone ' gives the best account of him that I know. Dis- 
coursing on Alay fair,he says : ' Here, too, was Tiddy-doll \ 
this celebrated vendor of gingerbread, from his eccentricity 
of character and extensive dealings in his way, was always 
hailed as the king of itinerant tradesmen.^ In his person 
he was tall, well made, and his features handsome. He 
affected to dress like a person of rank : white, gold-laced, 
suit of clothes, laced ruffled shirt, laced hat and feather, 
white silk stockings, with the addition of a fine white apron. 
Among his harangues to gain customers, take this as a 
specimen : " Mary, Mary, where are you now, Mary 1 I 
live, when at home, at the second house in little Ball Street, 
two steps under ground, with a wiscum, riscum, and a why 
not. Walk in ladies and gentlemen ; my shop is on the 
second floor backwards, with a brass knocker at the door. 
Here is your nice gingerbread, your spice gingerbread ; it 
will melt in your mouth like a redhot brickbat, and rumble 
in your inside like Punch and his wheelbarrow." He always 
finished his address by singing this fag end of some popular 
ballad. 




tid-dy did-dy dol • lol, ti - tiddy, ti - diddy ti - ti, tid-dy,tiddy, dol.' 



Pitt died on January 23, 1806, and Fox succeeded him. 



' Everyday Book, vol. i. p. 575. 

^ He was a constant attendant in the crowd on Lord Mavor's show. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



SI 



It is probable that Napoleon reckoned somewhat on Fox's 
friendship, and hence the following caricature : — 

' Boney and the Great Secretary ' (Argus, February 
1806) gives a good portrait of Fox. Napoleon wishes to 
be friendly : * How do you do. Master Charley, why you 
are so fine, I scarcely knew ye — don't you remember me, 
why I am little Boney the Corsican — him that you came to 
see at Paris, and very civil I was to you, I'm sure. If you 




BOXEY AND THE GREAT STATE SECRETARY. 



come my way I shall be glad to see you, so will my wife 
and family. They are a little changed in their dress, as 
well as you. We shall be very happy to take a X\\X\q. peace 
soup with you, whenever you are inclined, Master Charley.' 
But Fox shakes his fist at him : ' Why, you little Corsican 
Reptile ! how dare you come so near the person of the 
Right Honble C J F one of his M prin- 
cipal Secretaries of State, IMembcr of the P.C. &c.. Sic, &c., 



52 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



&c., &c., &c., &c., &c. — go to see You ! ! ! Arrogant little 
Man, Mr. Boney — if you do not instantly vanish from my 
sight — rie break every bone in your body — learn to behave 
yourself in ?i peaceable manner, nor dare to set your foot on 
this happy land without My leave.' 

Of ' Pacific Overtures, or a Flight from St. Cloud, " over 
the Water to Charley," a new Dramatic Peace now re- 
hearsing' (Gillray, April 5, 1806), only a portion is given in 
the accompanying illustration, but quite sufficient to explain 
the negotiations for peace then in progress. 




This caricature is far too elaborate to reproduce the 
whole, and the allusions therein are extremely intricate and, 
nowadays, uninteresting. A theatrical stage is represented, 
with Napoleon descending in clouds, pointing to Terms of 
Peace, which are being displayed by Talleyrand, and saying, 
' There's my terms.' These are as follow : ' Acknowledge 
me as Emperor ; dismantle your fleet ; reduce your army ; 
abandon Malta and Gibraltar ; renounce all Continental 
connexion ; your Colonies I will take at a valuation ; en- 
gage to pay to the Great Nation, for seven years annually, 
;^ 1,000,000 ; and place in my hands as hostages, the Princess 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 53 

Charlotte of Wales, with ten of the late administration, 
whom I shall name.' 

King George has stepped from his box on to the stage, 
and is surveying this vision through his glass, exclaiming : 
' Very amusing terms indeed, and might do vastly well 
with some of the new made little gingerbread kings ' ; but 
we are not in the habit of giving up either " ships, or com- 
merce, or colonies " merely because little Boney is in a pet 
to have them ! ! ! ' 

Ansell (April 1806) drew 'Roast Beef and P^rench 
Soup. The English Lamb * * * and the French Tiger,' 
and it seems merely designed for the purpose of introducing 
Daniel Lambert, who was then on exhibition — ' Daniel 
Lambert who at the age of 36 weighed above 50 Stone, 
14 Pounds to the Stone, measured 3 yards 4 inches round 
the Body, and i yard i inch round the leg. 5 feet 1 1 inches 
high.' It shows the redoubtable fat man seated on. a 
couch, carving a round of beef, which is accompanied by a 
large mustard-pot, a huge loaf, and a foaming pot of stout. 
Napoleon, seated on a similar couch, on the opposite side 
of the table, is taking soup — then an unaccustomed article 
of food with Englishmen — and looks with horror at the 
other's size and manner of feeding. 

Daniel Lambert was like Mr. Dick in ' David Copper- 
field,' who would persist in putting King Charles the First's 
head into his ^^Icmorial ; he could hardly be kept out of 
the caricatures. Ansell produced one (May 1806) — 'Two 
Wonders of the World, or a Specimen of a new troop of 
Leicestershire Light Horse. — Mr. Daniel Lambert, who at 
the age of 36 weighed above 50 Stone, 14 Pounds to the 
Stone, measured 3 yards 4 inches round the body and i 

' On March 31 Jusepli licjnaparte was made King of Najiks, and Mural 
Grand Duke of ]5erg and Cleves. A few months subsequently, Louis IJona- 
parte %\as made King of Holland, and the following year Jerome King of 
Westi^halia. 



54 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

yard i inch round the leg, 5 feet 11 inches high. The 
famous horse Monarch, the largest in the World is upwards 
of 2 1 hands high, (above 7 foot) ^ and only 6 Years old.' 
Lambert is mounted on this extraordinary quadruped, and, 
sword in hand, is riding at poor little Boney, who exclaims 
in horror, ' Parbleu ! if dis be de specimen of de English 
light Horse, vat vill de Heavy Horse be ? Oh, by Gar, I 
vill put off de Invasion for anoder time.' 

Yet once more are these two brought into juxtaposition, 
in an engraving by Knight (April 15, 1806), 'Bone and 
Flesh, or John Bull in moderate Condition.' Napoleon is 
looking at this prodigy, and saying, ' I contemplate this 
Wonder of the World, and regret that all my Conquered 
Domains cannot match this Man. Pray, Sir, are you not 
a descendant from the great Joss of China t ' Lambert 
replies, ' No Sir, I am a true born Englishman, from the 
County of Leicester. A quiet mind, and good Constitution, 
nourished by the free Air of Great Britain, makes every 
Englishman thrive.' 

Another of Gillray's caricatures into which Napoleon is 
introduced, but in which he plays a secondaiy part, is 
called ' Comforts of a Bed of Roses ; vide Charley's eluci- 
dation of Lord C — stl — r- — gh's speech ! Nightly Scene 
near Cleveland row.' This is founded on a speech of Lord 
Castlereagh's, in which he congratulated the Ministry as 
having ' a bed of roses.' But Fox, in reply, recounted his 
difficulties and miseries, and said : ' Really, it is insulting 
to tell me I am on a bed of roses, when I feel myself torn, 
and stung, by brambles, and nettles, whichever way I turn.' 

Fox and Mrs. Fox arc shown as sleeping on a bed of 
roses, some of which peep out from underneath the rose- 
coloured counterpane, but which display far more of thorns 
than of roses. There is the India ivse, the Emancipation 
' A 'liand,' as a measure in horse-flesli, is U)\\x inches. 



av NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 55 

rose, the French rose, the Coalition rose, and the Volunteer 
rose. Fox's slumbers are terribly disturbed ; his bonnet 
rouge, which he wears as night-cap, has tumbled off ; his 
night-shirt is seized at the neck, on one side by the ghost 
-of Pitt, who exclaims : ' Awake, arise, or be for ever 
fall'n ! ' The other side is fiercely clutched by Napoleon, 
who, drawn sword in hand, has just stepped on to the 
bed from a cannon labelled ' Pour subjuguer le monde,' 
Amidst a background of smoke appear spears, and a 
banner entitled ' Horrors of Invasion.' The Prussian eagle 
is preparing to swoop down upon him, and, from under 
the bed, crawls out a skeleton holding an hour-glass, 
whilst round its fleshless arm is entwined a serpent ' In- 
temperance, Dropsy, Dissolution.' John Bull, as a bull- 
dog, is trying to seize Napoleon. 

' John Bull threatened by Insects from all Quarters ' is 
by an unknown artist (April 1806). John Bull is on 'The 
tight little Island,' and seated on a cask of grog. With 
one hand he flourishes a cutlass, and the other grasps 
a pistol, of which weapon two more lie on the ground. 
With these he defies the insects, which come in swarms. 
There arc W'estphalian mites, American hornets, Dutch 
bluebottles, Italian butterflies, Turkish wasps, Danish gnats, 
and, worst of all, a French dragon-fly, in the shape of 
Napoleon. John Bull is saying : ' Come on my Lads— give 
me but good sea room, and I don't care for any of you — 
Why all your attacks is no more than a gnat stinging an 
Elephant, or a flea devouring Mr. Lambert of Leicester.' 

A very clever caricature is by Knight (June 26, 1806) 
of ' Jupiter ]?ouncy granting unto the Dutch P^rogs a 
King. The P^rogs sent their deputies to petition Jupiter 
again for a King. lie sent them a Stork, who cat them 
up, vide yLsop's fables.' The discontented Dutch spurn 
their King Log, and pra)-, ' We present ourselves before 



56 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

the throne of your Majesty. We pray that you will grant 
us, as the supreme Chief of our Republic, Prince Louis.' 
Napoleon, as Jupiter, seated on an eagle (which is made to 
look as much like a devil as possible), says : * I agree to the 
request. I proclaim Prince Louis, King of Holland. You 
Prince ! reign over this People.' And the stork is duly 
despatched on its mission. Talleyrand, as Ganymede, 
supplies Jupiter with a aip of comfort for the discontented. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 57 



CHAPTER XLIII. 

NEGOTIATIONS FOR PEACE — DEATH OF FOX — NATOLEON's VICTORIOUS 
CAREER — HIS PROCLAMATION OF A BLOCKADE OF ENGLAND. 

Apropos of the negotiations for peace, there is a picture 
of Woodward's (July 1806), in which Fox is just closing 
the door behind a messenger laden with despatches. John 
Bull, whose pockets are stuffed with Omniitni and Specula- 
tion on Peace, entreats him with clasped hands : ' Now do 
Charley, my dear good boy, open the door a little bit 
farther, just to enable me to take in a few of my friends at 
the Stock Exchange.' But Fox remonstrates : ' Really, 
Mr. Bull, you are too inquisitive — don't you see the door 
for Negotiation is opened } don't you see the back of a 
Messenger ? don't you see he has got dispatches under his 
arm } what would you desire more ? ' 

' Experiments at Dover, or Master Charley's Magic 
Lanthorn,' is by Rowlandson (July 21, 1806), and shows 
Fox seated on the seashore, projecting images on to the 
opposite coast. The slide he is passing through the 
lantern begins with a ' Messenger from Boulogne,' then a 
' Messenger to Paris,' then ' More Dispatches ' ; and he is 
now showing Bonaparte as a newsboy, with his horn, 
calling out ' Preliminaries of Peace.' The next, and final, 
picture to come is a man waving his hat and shouting 
' riuzza.' P"ox is saying : ' There, Master V>w\\, what do 
you think of that — I told you I would sur[)rizc )-ou. Pre- 
liminaries of Peace! Huzza!' But John Bull is not 



58 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

quite satisfied with his conduct, and fancies there has been 
something kept from him. ' Why yes, it be all very foine, 
if it be true. But I can't forget that d — d Omnium last 
week — they be always one way or other in contradictions ! 
I tell thee what, Charley, since thee hast become a great 
man — I think in my heart thee beest always conjuring.' 

' The Pleasing and Instructive Game of Messengers — or 
Summer Amusement for John Bull,' by Ansell (August 
1806), shows us the Channel, on both sides of which a 
lively game is being kept up by means of racket bats, a 
constant supply of balls, in the shape of messengers, be- 
tween the two countries, being kept in the air. Their 
messages are Peace, Hope, Despair, No peace, Passports, 
Peace to a Certainty, No peace. Credentials, Despatches, 
&c. On the French side. Napoleon and Talleyrand keep 
the game alive, ' Begar Talley, dis be ver amusant — Keep 
it up as long as you can, that we may have time for our 
project.' Sheridan, Fox, and others play on the English 
side ; John Bull being merely a spectator, not too much 
amused, as a paper, protruding from his pocket, shows : 
' Very shy at the Stock Exchange.' Sheridan calls out : 
' That's right my lads, bang 'em about. John Bull seems 
quite puzzled.' Fox asks : ' Is not it a pretty game 
Johnny?' Johnny, however, says: ' Pretty enough as to 
that, they do fly about monstrous quick to be sure : but 
you don't get any more money out of my pocket for all 
that ! ! ' 

Gillray gives us a veritable caricature in ' News from 
Calabria ! Capture of Buenos Ayres ! i.e. the Comforts of 
an Imperial Dcjeunc at St. Clouds' (September 13, 1806), 
a portion only of which is given in illustration, lionc}- is 
here, terrific in his wrath ; poor Talleyrand, who has 
brought the news, is receiving grievous punishment from 
his Imperial master. Not only is his ear pulled (a favourite 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



59 



trick of Napoleon's), but he is being belaboured with the 
tea-urn, which is made in the form of the world : his 
master crying out : ' Out on ye Owl, noting but song of 
Death ! ! ' Napoleon has kicked over the breakfast-table, 
and the scalding contents of the tea-urn are being deposited 
in the lap of Josephine, who screams with agony and 
terror. The maids of honour and courtiers, though refrain- 
ing from open demonstration, look aghast at the imperial 




XKWS FROM CAI.AllKIA. 



violence, which is not diminished by the presence of a 
number of messengers, whose news is particularly unwel- 
come : ' Spain in despair for the loss of her Colonics.' ' All 
Germany rising, and arming cii Jlassc' ' Holland starving, 
and ripe for a revolt' ' St. Petersburg : refusal to ratify the 
French Treaty.' ' Prussia rousing from the Trance of 
Death.' ' Swedish defiance. Charles XII. rcdi\ivus.' 
' Switzerland cursing the French }-oke.' ' Italy shaking off 
her Chains.' ' La Vendee ai^riin in motion.' ' Portugal 



6o ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

true to the last gasp.' ' Sicily firing like Etna.' ' Denmark 
waiting for an opportunity.' ' Turkey invoking Mahomet' 
Naturally, all this bad news contributes towards making it 
a ' hard time ' for Talleyrand. 

Argus gives us (September 1806) 'The Continental 
Shaving Shop. Boney beats Jemmy Wright, who shaved 
as well as any man, almost, not quite' (September 1806). 
As a barber, he is going to shave the Grand Turk, and, 
flourishing an enormous razor of Corsican steel, seizes his 
beard. This the Turk naturally objects to, saying : ' By 
the Holy Prophet, I must not part with my beard, why, 
my people will not acknowledge me for the grand Signor 
again at Constantinople.' Talleyrand, as assistant, is 
lathering the Turk's face, persuading him, ' Come, come, 
don't make such a fuss, my Master ivill cut away when he 
catches anybody in his shop.' Boney calls out : ' Lather 
away Talley. I'll soon ease him of his superfluities and 
make him look like my Christian customers.' 

The sort of treatment they are likely to get is clearly 
set forth in an announcement on the wall. 'Nap Boney, 
shaver general to most of the Sovereigns on the Continent, 
shaves expeditiously, and clean, a few gashes excepted ; is 
ready to undertake any new Customer who is willing to 
submit to the above.' His treatment is exemplified by 
the appearance of Austria, whose gashed face and head is 
ornamented with strips of court-plaistcr. He is talking to 
John Bull, who looks in at a window : ' Come, Johnny, 
come in and be shaved, don't be frightened at the size of 
the razor, it cuts very clean, I assure you.' His reply is, 
' \\y Goles so it seems, and leaves a dom'd sight of gashes 
behoind, as you and Mynheer can testify ! ! ' Poor Plolland 
is in even a worse plight than Austria, and is talking to 
Prussia, who is sitting in a chair, ready lathered for 
shaving. Says he to the Dutchman : ' I hope he don't 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 6i 

mean to shave me as he has you, and my neighbour 
Austria there ? I should not sit here so quietly with my 
face lathered.' Holland replies : ' Yaw Mynheer very close 
shaver, its nix my doll when you are used to it' 

' Political Quadrille ' is by Ansell (October 1806), and 
represents two sets playing that game of cards. One set is 
composed of Geot"ge the Third, Russia, Spain, and Prussia. 
The other consists of Napoleon, Italy, Holland, and 
Austria. George the Third says : ' I never had luck when 
the Curse of Scotland' was in my hand — however I have now 
discarded it — Ay this will do — I have now a strong suit, 
without a knave among them.' Russia observes : ' I never 
had such luck since I have been a Russian, compleatly 
bested off the board — but that I must endeavour to forget, 
and try to play better in future.' Spain sa}'s : ' I was 
obliged to play, tho' it was forced Spadille. My Queen 
deceived me — but however I must not now give myself 
AjTes, as I have lost all my Dollars.' Prussia remarks : 
' Shall I play or not ? If I play, I fear I shall be bested, 
and if not, they will call me P^nissian Cake.' 

In the other set of players, Napoleon says : ' I begin to 
fancy I can play alone — No, I can call a King when I 
please, I am strong in my suits — besides I know how to 
finesse my Cards.' Austria says : ' P^or the present I fear 
the game is up with me, so I pass! Italy says : ' I fear it 
is nearly over with poor Poiito.' Holland reflects : ' I have 
got a A7;/^^ without calling one — but I have no Triiuip 
now, and I fear I shall lose all my fish.' 

Fox died in September 1806, and was buried, October 
10, in Westminster Abbey, close to the remains of his ri\'al 
Pitt. With him were buried the last hopes of a peace with 
P^rancc, and, in October, fmding all negotiations unsuc- 
cessful (Great Britain requiring Russia to be made a party 

' The nine of (lianioiids. 



62 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

to the Treaty, which France refused), Lord Lauderdale 

demanded his passports, and left for England. 

Meanwhile, Napoleon marched on from victory to 

victory. The battle of Jena, the occupation of Erfurth, 

Greissen, Hall, Leipzig, Ascherleben, Bemburg, Spandau, 

Potsdam, and, lastly, of Berlin, were all in his triumphal 

march. 

A public entr}' having made, 

At Berlin he his airs display'd ; 

A Court day absolutely held, 

And due attendance there compell'd. 

Of Prussia's King he made a scoff, 

And all his little taunts play'd off. 

And here he issued a decree, 

The most invet'rate that could be, 

In hopes t' annoy Great Britain's trade, 

All Commerce with her he forbade. 

The Capture he ordain'd, 'tis true, 

Of British ships — the seizure, too. 

Of letters, if in English written, 

Or if directed to Great Britain ; 

And this he styled — a strange romance ! 

The fundamental law of P>ance. 

The decree is dated from Berlin, November 21, 1806, 
and, after a preamble, states :— ' i. The British Islands arc 
declared in a state of blockade. 2. All trade and inter- 
course with the British Islands is prohibited ; consequently 
letters or packets addressed to England, or written in the 
English language, will not be conveyed by post, and will 
be seized. 3. Every native of England, whatever his rank 
and condition, who may be found in the countries occupied 
by our troops, or by those of our allies, shall be made 
prisoners of war. 4. Ever)- warehouse, and all merchandise 
and property of any description whatever, belonging to an 
English subject, or the produce of English manufactures 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 63 

or colonies, is declared good prize. 5. Trade in English 
merchandise is prohibited, and all merchandise belonging 
to England, or the produce of her manufactures, and 
colonies, is declared good prize. 6. One half of the pro- 
duce of the confiscation of the merchandise, and property, 
declared good prize by the preceding articles, will be ap- 
propriated to the indemnification of the merchants, for 
losses they have sustained, through the capture of trading 
vessels, by English cruisers. 7. No vessel coming directly 
from England, or her colonies, or having been there since 
the publication of the present decree, will be received in 
any port. 8. Any vessel which, by means of a false de- 
claration, shall contravene the above article, shall be seized, 
and the Ship and Cargo shall be confiscated as if the}' 
were English property,' &c. 

The Thnes, of December 8, commenting on this pro- 
clamation, says : — ' If our orders of Council, and our Navy 
arc not competent to seal up the ports of P^'rance, we 
should be glad to know how Buonaparte, who can scarce 
venture to steal a ship to sea, is to retaliate with effect 
upon this country. We believe none of the nations, which 
are yet free to trade with us, will be deterred by a Decree 
emitted at Berlin, from sending their produce to the 
markets of Britain. Of all the follies that have ever 
escaped from Buonaparte, in the extravagance, and intoxi- 
cation, of his ambition, and success, this wc consider as 
one of the greatest. He, in fact, pledges himself to that 
which he has no adequate means whatever of carr}'ing into 
effect. His Decree will have as little influence upon the 
trade of England, as his Navy has.' 

Anscll designed (December 1806) 'Jack Tars con- 
versing with l^oney on the Blockade of Old England.' 
Napoleon is vapouring about behind his fortifications, 
flourishing his sword, ' The Terror of the Continent,' and 



64 ENGLISH t CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

saying : * Begar by my Imperial decree, England is in a 

State of Blockade.' Two sailors are in a small boat called 

the Nelson, and one says : * Why what do you mean by 

that, you whipper snapper — Heres Tom Pipes, and I, in 

this little cock boat, will Blockade you so that you dare 

not bring out a single vessel — Blockade, indeed ! you are 

a pretty fellow to talk of blockading ! ' His companion 

contemptuously adds : ' I w^onder. Jack, you throw away 

your precious time in talking to such a lubber.' John Bull, 

pipe in hand, stands on the cliffs of Albion, roaring with 

laughter. ' I cannot help laughing at the whimsical conceit.' 

Souley (December 1806) drew ' Bonaparte blockading 

John Bull.' 

Boney for want of proper Sail, 

By threats bombastic would prevail. 

Boney and his army are crossing the Channel in their 
cocked hats ; he, presenting sword and pistol at John Bull, 
says : ' I'll Blockade ye, ye English Scoundrel. 'Tis you 
thwart all my designs — 'Tis you and you only who dare 
oppose MY WILL. But I'll Blockade ye — and not one of 
your rascally Craft shall stir.' John Bull, convulsed with 
laughter, is dancing, and saying : ' Shiver my timbers, 
here's a go ! Ah ! Ah ! Ah ! Ah ! Why Master Boney 
you look like Neptune crossing the Line. I suppose 
next you will be blockading the moon.' 
And so ends the year 1806. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 65 



CHAPTER XLIV. 

napoleon's polish campaign — r.ATTLE OF EYLAU — MEETING OF THE 
EMPERORS AT TILSIT — CAPTURE OF THE DANISH FLEET. 

1807 commences with 'John Bull playing on the Base 
Villain' (artist unknown, January i, 1807), in which 
we see that revered personage playing ' Britains Strike 
home ' on poor Boney, with a sword in lieu of a bow, and 
grasping him tightly round the neck. 

In November 1806, Napoleon, with his army, had 
entered Poland, and, on December 18 of the same year, he 
entered Warsaw, 

An unknown artist (January 1807) depicts 'The 
Entrance into Poland or another Bonne Bouche for Boney.' 
On their knees are the Polish magnates, who exclaim : 
' What a happy day for Poland ! ' The foremost is kissing 
the toe of Napoleon, who says : ' Rise up free and inde- 
pendent Polanders, depend upon it you shall have a King, 
and ril be Vice Roy over him.' Behind, a standard-bearer 
carries a flag, on which is shown a pair of shackles, a 
guillotine, and two crossed swords, with the legend, ' Com- 
fort for the Poles.' Beside him, another P'rcnch soldier is 
emptying a sack of fetters. 

The Russians withdrew for a time, but only to return 
in force, and Napoleon had to change his tactics to meet 
them ; he therefore proposed to concentrate his forces, 
and compel the Russians to give battle, with the Vistula in 
their rear, and he himself between them and Russia. His 
VOL. IL F 



66 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

despatches, however, were intercepted, and the battle was 
precipitated. Augereau's division lost its way, and was cut 
up by the Russians ; and Bernadotte did not come, as 
the despatches, bidding him do so, had been captured. 
The fight in the snow at Preuss Eylau was fearful, and 
the carnage, especially in the churchyard, was horrible. 
Four thousand men died there. The French put down 
their loss in this battle as 2,000 killed, 6,000 wounded ; 
while the loss of the Russians was 7,000 dead, 16,000 
wounded, 12,000 prisoners, and 45 cannon taken. 

That the blockade still galled us is evidenced by a 
caricature of Woodward's (January 27, 1807), who designed 
' The Giant Commerce overwhelming the Pigmy Blockade.' 
Commerce is a strange figure : its cap is Wedgwood ivare, 
its face Staffordshire zuaj-e, its eyes Dej'by Porcelain, and 
its mouth Worcester porcelain. Its body is Wool, arms of 
printed calico, and its hands are encased in Woodstock gloves. 
It wears a Norivich s/ian'l, has leather breeches, Fleecy 
hosiery stockings, and Staffordshire shoes. It is actively 
employed in hurling various missiles at Napoleon, who is 
sheltered behind his fortifications. These implements of 
offence consist of such articles as Birviinghavi steel, pig 
iron, scissors, combs, knives and forks, block tin, sugar, 
patent coffins, Birmingham buttons, and a cask each of 
London porter, Maidstone, Geneva, and British spirits. 
Napoleon entreats : ' Pray Mr, Commerce don't overwhelm 
me, and I will take off de grande Blockade of old Eng- 
land.' 

The two following caricatures were designed and pub- 
lished before the news had arrived in England of the 
crushing defeat- of the Russians at Eylau, which only 
appeared publicly in the 'Times' of March 10. 

Ansell (March 1807) gives ' Boney and his Army in 
Winter Quarters.' In the background is a State Prison for 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 67 

Prisoners of War ; and, in the centre of the picture, the 
Russian bear hugs poor Boney, and prepares to drop him 
in the river Bug, in which is a board inscribed, ' Hie Jacet. 
Snug in the Bug several thousands of the great nation.' 
Bruin growls : ' Hush a bye ! Hush a bye ! take it all 
quietly, you'll soon find yourself as snug as a bug in a rug.' 
But Boney, writhing in the embrace, cries out : ' Oh D — h 
the Bug, I wish I had never seen it. My dear Talley — ■ 
don't tell my faithful subjects the true state of my situa- 
tion. Any thing but the truth, my dear Talley — Oh this 
Cursed Russian bear, how close he hugs me.' Talley- 
rand, with one foot in the Vistula, and the other on land, 
replies : ' Leave me alone for a Bulletin ' — applies his lips 
to a trumpet, from which issues a true and a false report. 
The true one, ' 4000 prisoners, 3000 drowned, 12 Eagles 
taken, 12000 killed,' is disappearing into thin air ; whilst 
that ' For Paris ' is as follows : ' Grand Bulletin. The 
august Emperor of the great Nation informs his faithful, 
and beloved, subjects, that, having performed wonders on 
the banks of the Bug, he has now closed a glorious cam- 
paign for the season, and retired with ease, and comfort, 
into Winter quarters.' 

'The Political Cock horse' (Soulcy, March 10, 1807) 
shows Napoleon's somewhat ragged white charger stumbling 
over a stone, ' Insatiable Ambition.' Bcnningsen has 
jumped up behind him, seized the reins, and hurled Boney 
to the ground. In his fall he loses his sword ' Oppression,' 
and cries out pitifully, ' Stop, stop, good Bcnningsen, don't 
kill a poor fellow ! An Armistice ! an Armistice ! I have 
\-ery good proposals of peace for }'ou.' But the relentless 
Russian prepares to run him through with his sword, 
sa)-!ng : ' You Bombastic Scoundrel, Robber, ^Murderer, 
Violator, Incendiary, &c., &c., «S:c. You thought of reign- 
ing with your Iron Crown (in) the North, as well as the 

F 2 



68 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



South. But know, Tyrant, that the Sons of the North are 
to be your Superior.' John Bull encourages him with 
' Bravo, bravo, brave Russians : One home stroke more, 
and good bye to Master Boney.' 

Of Gillray's caricature of ' The New Dynasty ; or the 
little Corsican Gardener Planting a Royal Pippin Tree,' 
only a portion is given — that relating to Napoleon. The 
Old Royal Oak is being hewn down by ' All the Talents,' 







TIIK .NEW DYNASTY, OR THE LITTLE CORSICAN GARDENER PLANTING 
A ROYAL riPlTN TREE. 



and Talleyrand is busy digging a hole to receive Napoleon's 
royal pippin, which is to take its place. The topmost 
pippin, which is crowned, represents Lord IMoira, who 
cLumed to be descended from the old kings of l^allyna- 
hinch. The others are, ' Countess of Salisbury beheaded 
I 505,' ' Duchess of Clevcs put to death in 1453,' ' Henry dc 
la Pole beheaded in 153S,' ' Plantagcnct beheaded in 1415,' 
' Crookback Richard killed at Bosworth,' ' Edmund, 4th 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 69 

son of Henry 2, beheaded.' The royal pippins behind, 
which have already been planted, and have taken root, are 
labelledrespectively,'Etruna,Wurtemburg, Saxon, Holland, 
and Italian ; ' whilst on the ground, by a basket, are grafts, 
which respectively represent Sir Francis Burdett, Cobbett, 
and Home Tooke. 

Napoleon pursued his victories over the Russians. 
Dantzig was taken ; at Friedland the Russians lost 18,000 
men and 25 generals, killed and wounded, and at last 
Konigsberg was taken by Soult, after having been evacu- 
ated by the Russians. It was time for them to beg for an 
armistice, and on June 21 one was concluded. Napoleon 
was asked to have an interview with the Emperor of Russia, 
to which he consented, and Tilsit was the place appointed ; 
and, in order that this meeting should be quite private, and 
free from interruption. Napoleon ordered a large raft to be 
moored in the middle of the Niemen, on which was erected 
a room with two antechambers, all elegantly furnished and 
decorated. Both the roof and the doors were ornamented 
with French and Russian eagles. On June 25 they met ; 
Napoleon reached the raft first, and stood on its edge to 
welcome Alexander. They met and parted in a most 
friendly manner. This incident, it is needless to say, 
afforded a fine subject to the caricaturist. 

Ansell gives us, certainly, a more comic representation 
of the meeting of the Emperors than any other caricaturist 
(July 1807). Bonaparte is hugging the Emperor of Russia 
in a most exaggerated style, saying : ' My dear Bi other — 
receive this Fraternal Embrace out of pure affection.' But 
Russia, finding the raft tilting violently, and not liking such 
demonstrative affection, exclaims, ' Zounds, l^rothcr, you'll 
squeeze me to death — besides, I find my side of the raft is 
sinking very fast.' Poor Prussia is floundering in tlie water, 
his crown floating away from him : ' What a Prussian cake 



70 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



I was to listen to him — I am afraid I shall never recover 
it' 




Nap, with the hopes of peace delighted, 
The Russian Emperor invited, 
And for this interview, with craft. 
Had been prepar'd a pretty raft, 
Which on the river Niemen floated, 
AVith two commodious tents, devoted 
To the sole use of the contractors. 
Who were indeed conspicuous actors ; 
The signal given, as commanded, 
Each from his boat together landed, 
And on this raft, their ends to get, 
I]y Najj, was Alexander met — 
Exchanging the fraternal hug 
They took their seats in manner snug; 
AMien Naj) began his wheedling jargon. 
And made, de])end on 't, a good bargain. 
The peace of Tilsit, as recorded, 
A temporary rest afforded. 



And now three sovereigns, they say, 
Sat down together very gay : 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 71 

Meaning the Emperor of Russia, 

Our hero, and the King of Prussia : 

Their visits to each other, they 

Alternately were wont to pay. 

Napoleon talk'd of this and that. 

And entertain'd them with his chat. 

Their life guards, who were much delighted, 

To dinner, were by Nap invited. 

The brotherly embrace went round, 

There was not a discordant sound. 

In harmony the day they spent. 

Each countenance display'd content. 

Now matters were so well arrang'd, 

A while they uniforms exchang'd. 

And after they had dined, and talk'd, 

Together through the streets they walked. 

Ansell drew (July 1807) 'An Imperial Bonne bouche, 
or the dinner at Tilsit.' Napoleon, attended by his guards, 
sits on one side of the table, and the Emperor of Russia 
opposite to him ; the latter has but an empty plate, and a 
castor of cayenne pepper before him, whilst Napoleon is 
stuffing his mouth with ' Continental slices,' and has besides, 
immediately before him, ' Austerlitz biscuit,' ' P>iedland 
Pye,' and ' Eylau Custard,' which he intends carving with 
his sword. But he banters his brother Emperor with ' My 
dear Brother, you dont eat ; What is the matter with you ? 
see what a hearty meal our other beloved Cousin, and 
brother, is making, from the Crumbs that fall from the 
table.' And Prussia is seen on his knees, picking up some 
fragments of a ' Prussian Cake.' Russia, with expectant 
knife and fork, looks very blankly at his covfrcre^ and re- 
plies : ' How the deuce, brother, am I to eat when you keep 
everything to yourself? ' 

' Mutual Honors at Tilsit, or the Monkey, the Bear and 
the Eagle' (August 1807), by Ansell, represents Napoleon, 



72 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

as a monkey, seated on a drum, having a plaque upon his 
breast, inscribed ' Order of St. Andrew, to our Faithful &c. 
&c. &c. Fudge,' decorating a bear with ' The Legion of 
Honor. To our trusty and beloved Cousin &c. &c. Fudge.' 
The poor bear wears a fool's cap and bells, and is muzzled, 
whilst its throat is galled by a spiked collar, called, in iron}-, 
' Collar of Independence.' Napoleon says, ' Really, Brother 
Bruin — you never look'd so fine in your life. You cannot 
think how the medal, and cap and bells, become you.' 
But the bear ruefully ruminates, ' I shall really be ashamed 
to return to my own Fraternity. I wonder what my old 
Friend, the Lion, will say.' The Prussian eagle is also 
decorated with the collar of the Legion of Honour, but is 
in a wofully dilapidated condition, which is well explained 
by its own reflections : ' It is certainly very fine — but, what 
with having one of my heads chopped off — and the crown 
half cracked of the other ; besides having my wings cropp'd, 
I think, somehow, I was better off before.' 

The English, perforce, had to keep up their courage, 
and one etching, by Ansell (August 1807), represents, in the 
background, Napoleon on his throne, and all the European 
sovereigns grovelling before him. The foreground is occu- 
pied by Britannia and John Bull. The former asks : ' Do 
give me your advice — what am I to do — All my foreign 
Allies have deserted me, — even Russia has joined them, 
they arc bending at the feet of the usurper.' John Bull, a 
truculent-looking sailor, with oaken cudgel, replies : ' What 
are you to do ? Why stick to me, your old and faithful 
ally John Bull, who will never desert you while he has a 
timber to support him.' The picture is called ' Britannia 
in tribulation for the loss of her Allies, or John Bull's 
advice.' 

In ' The Polish Pie, or the Effects of the Peace at 
Tilsit ' ''artist unknown, September 10, 1807), we see the 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 73, 

Emperor of Russia, and Napoleon, carving a huge * Polish 
pie,' the Russian's opinion of which is ' I think I never 
relished a Pie so well in all my life.' Whilst thus engaged, 
comes poor, wounded, tattered Prussia, humbly, with hat in 
hand : ' Pray give a part of the Pie to a poor broken-down 
Prussian — You know you promised me formerly you would 
not touch it ; but now you have reduced me to poverty, 
crutches, and a wooden leg — you'll not allow me a mouth- 
full, 'tis a very hard case indeed ! Pray remember a poor 
Prussian ! ' Napoleon turns to his brother Emperor, and 
opines, 'Suppose, Cousin, we give him a small piece of the 
Crust, just to keep him from grumbling.' 

The Danes sought to curry favour with Napoleon^ or 
perhaps they were obliged to act as they did ; but they 
closed their ports, such as Holstein, &c., to British ships, 
which John Bull could not stand. So Admiral Gambier, 
with a fleet, having on board 20,000 troops, sailed to set 
matters right. Negotiations failed, and the admiral used 
the force majciire at his disposal. Copenhagen was bom- 
barded, and on September 8 the British took possession of 
the fortifications, &c., of Copenhagen, captured the whole 
Danish fleet, fully armed and equipped, consisting of 18 
sail of the line, 15 frigates, 6 brigs, and 25 gun-boats, 
^vhich were safely navigated to England, with the exception 
of one ship, which was stranded. Unfortunately, Copen- 
hagen itself suffered severely, guns not being so scientifically 
constructed as at prc.-cnt, and accuracy as to range was 
impossible. 

'Gulliver towing the Fleet into Lilliput ! ' (I. Cruik- 
shank, October 16, 1807) shows Admiral Gambier swim- 
ming towards England, towing the captured vessels. George 
the Third, on a Martello tower, watching him through his 
spy-glass, and saying, with his accustomed iteration, ' What, 
What, Gulliver the 2nd — he — Gulliver the 2nd — More 



74 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Nelsons — more Nelsons — brave fellows ! ' On the Conti- 
nent Napoleon is seen furious, and the countries under his 
sway are in different attitudes of despair. Napoleon shouts 
out, ' Curse that fellow ; here, Tally, stop him : what ! will 
nobody stop him ? Then begar, we never shall invade 
England, and all our schemes are frustrated.' On the coast 
of Zealand a Jack Tar is thus explaining to a native : ' Hold 
your jaw ; You know as how you used to rob our fore- 
fathers, you lubber, and so you wanted to assist that 
French Monkey to do it again, but it would not do.' 

Ansell published (October 21, 1807) ' Malignant Aspects 
looking with envy on John Bull and his Satellites, or, a 
New Planetary System.' In a centre medallion sits John 
Bull, happily smoking, and with a jug of good October by 
his side. He is surrounded by the British navy, and a halo 
of glory. Rushing towards him is ' A Corsican Comet 
Frenchified,' and chained to him is ' A Russian bear with 
two heads, an appendage to the Comet.' There is a 
' Danish Mouse,' an ' Italian Greyhound,' an ' American 
Torpedo,' a ' Swiss Cheese,' a ' Spanish Puff,' a ' Dutch 
frog,' besides many ' minor Constellations with malignant 
aspects.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 75 



CHAPTER XLV. 

FRENCH ENTRY INTO PORTUGAL — BLOCKADE OF ENGLAND — FLIGHT OF 
THE PORTUGUESE ROYAL FAMILY— THE PENINSULAR WAR — FLIGHT OF 
KING JOSEPH. 

On October 18 or 19 Junot entered Portugal, and then it 
was that John ]5ull began to fear for his stock of port wine. 
This is very amusingly put in a picture : ' In Port, and Out 
of Port, or news from Portugal,' which is the title of a cari- 
cature by Woodward (November 10, 1807), and it repre- 
sents Bonaparte seated on a pipe of ' Genuine Old Port,' 
With folded arms he thus speaks : ' Now Master Jean Bull 
— more news for you. You'll soon be out of Port.' A 
miserable-looking ' Portugce ' approaches John Bull, with 
cap in hand, saying : ' I be, d'ye see, de poor Portuguese. 
Vat he mean be de Port Wine ; which he will be glad to 
change for your bag of guineas dere— begar — but dat is 
mine — between ourselves.' John Bull, who is sitting down, 
smoking, with a jug of ale and a huge bagful of guineas 
by his side, replies : ' D — n him, and his Port too — I am 
snug in Port, and while I have the port holes of my wooden 
walls, and a glass of home brew'd ale, his conquests shall 
never trouble me.' 

Napoleon, in a decree dated from Hamburg, November 
10, and also in another dated jMilan, December 27, again 
declared England in a state of blockade, and he made all 
under his sway to cease all connection with that country, 
as far as commercial matters were concerned ; and this is 
how the caricaturist met it : — 



76 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

' Blockade against Blockade, or John Bull a Match for 
Boney' (Ansell, November 1807), shows the different sides 
of a ' Wall of Blockade.' John Bull is well victualled, and 
has a fine surloin of beef, and a full tankard, &c. ; and he 
says : * Now ]\Iaster Boney, we shall see which will hold 
out the longest, my wall against yours. Aye, aye, I can 
see you. I have left a peep hole. I believe you will soon 
be glad to change your Soup Maigre for my Roast beef.' 
Boney, with only a basin of Soup Maigre before him, looks 
very disconsolate : ' Who could have thought that he would 
build a wall also — I really think I had better have left him 
alone — Some how I don't relish this Soup Maigre.' 

' The Continental Dockyard,' by Woodward (November 
27, 1807), shows a very tumbledown erection, called 'The 
Gallic Storehouse for English Shipping,' but it contains 
none. It only holds the ' Yaw Mynheer,' the ' Don Diego,' 
the ' Swede,' the ' Dane,' and the ' Napoleon,' on which a 
number of shipwrights are engaged, being driven to their 
task by Napoleon, with drawn sword. He thus addresses 
the master shipwright : ' Begar you must work like de 
Diable, ve must annihilate dis John Bull' The unlucky 
foreman replies : ' Please you, my Grand Empereur, 'tis no 
use vatever. As fast as ve do build dem, he vas clap dem 
in his storehouse over dc way.' Accordingly, we see in 
' John Bull's Storehouse ' a large collection of captured 
vessels from the Armada — ' Portobello,' ' Campcrdown,' 
' St. Vincent,' ' Nile,' and ' Trafalgar.' John Bull and a 
number of sailors enjoy this cheering sight. Says he to 
them : ' I say my lads, if he goes on this way we shall be 
overstocked.' And a sailor remarks : ' What a deal of 
pains some people take for nothing.' 

I, Cruikshank (December 20, 1807) gives us 'The 
Bear, the Monkey, the Turkey, and the Bull, or the true 
cause of the Russian war.' Bonaparte, as the French 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 77 

Monkey, is leading the Russian Bear by a collar and chain, 
and thus addresses him : ' The case is this, if you will make 
war against that overgrown Bull over the way, you shall 
have a slice of that fine Turkey ! and the Eastern Star.' 
The Turkey is represented as saying : ' I wish I was well 
out of their clutches, but I am afraid they will have me at 
last.' The Eastern Star appears on the horizon, and re- 
presents the Indies. A Bull, on the opposite coast, is in a 
menacing attitude, and bellows forth : ' You had better 
beware, for, remember the old adage — When you play 
with a Bull, take care of his horns.' 

'John Bull refreshing the Bear's Memory' is by I. 
Cruikshank (December 20, 1807), and shows the former 
worthy opening an enormous volume, his journal, and thus 
addressing a crowned bear, who has a collar round his 
neck inscribed * This bear belongs to Napoleon,' and who 
regards the book through an enormous pair of spectacles. 
* So you say, Master Bruin, that my visit to Denmark has no 
parallel in History — do be so good as to turn your specta- 
cles to this page, and refresh your memory.' And he points 
to a page of his journal, in which is written : ' The Great, 
the Magnanimous, Catherine of Russia seized upon one 
third of the Kingdom of Poland, and kept it to herself 
These peaceful Danes seized on the City of Hamburgh.' 

On January i, 1808, I. Cruikshank published ' Boney 
stark mad, or more Ships, Colonies, and Commerce.' It 
shows the fleet in the Tagus, and the British Admiral (Sir 
Sidney Smith) calling out through his speaking-trumpet, 
' Bon jour. Monsieur, if you would like a trip to the Brazils, 
I'll conduct you there with a great deal of pleasure ; per- 
haps you would like a taste of Madeira by the way.' This 
is to Talleyrand, on whom Bonaparte is venting his rage, 
kicking him, and tearing off his wig, saying : ' Stop them, 
stop them. Murder, fire ! Why did you not make more 



78 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



haste, you hopping rascal ? now, all my hopes are blasted, 
my revenge disappointed, and — I'll glut it on you — 
Monster — Vagabond — Villain ! ! ! ' 

The explanation of this caricature is, that as the French 
army was marching direct to Lisbon, the whole of the Portu- 
guese Royal family embarked for the Brazils, on November 
29, under convoy of a 13ritish squadron. 

' Delicious Dreams ! Castles in the Air ! Glorious 
Prospects ! vide an Afternoon Nap after the Fatigues of 
an Official Dinner,' is by Gillray (April 10, 1808), and 
shows the Cabinet asleep, a punch-bowl on the table, and 
full and empty bottles all around. They are so quiet that 
the mice are licking the Treasury plates. Behind Castle- 
reagh's chair is a cat (Catalani). Mr. Perceval sleeps with 
his arms on the table ; the Duke of Portland in the chair- 
man's seat ; Lord Liverpool with his back to the table ; 
Canning, negligently lolling back in his chair, uses Lord 
Melville, who is under the table, as a footstool. The 
delicious dream they see has for its background the Tower 
of London, before which passes Britannia seated on a 




triumphal car, fashioned somewhat like a ship, and drawn 
by a bull ; and, behind the car, chained to it, come, first, 
Bonaparte, the Russian Bear, Prussia, Austria, and Spain. 

'The Corsican Tiger at Bay' (Rowlandson, July 8, 
1808) shows Napoleon as a Tiger (or rather, as the artist 
has depicted him, a leopard), with his forc-fect on four 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



n 



Royal Greyhounds, whilst a pack of Patriotic GreyJioiinds 
are rushing to attack him. John Bull, standing on the 
white cliffs of Albion, presents his gun at him, singing the 
nursery rhyme — 

' There was a little man, 
And he had a little gun. 
And his bullets were made of lead 

D — me, but we'll manage him amongst us.' The Russian 
Bear and A 7(strian Eagle are chained together ; but Austria 
thus proposes : ' Now, Brother Bruin, is the time to break 
our chains.' The Dutch frog, too, joins in the chorus : ' It 
will be my turn to have a slap at him next.' 




' Boney Bothered, or an unexpected meeting ' (Ansell, 
July 9, 1808). This shows Boney having gone right 
through the world, and, coming out on the other side, 
planting his foot on the P^ast Indies, at Bengal ; but he is 
utterly astonished to find John Bull there also, armed with 
his redoubtable oaken cudgel. ' Bcgar,' says he, ' Monsieur 
Jean Bull again ! Vat ! you know I was come here .' ' 
To which John Bull, from whose pocket peeps a bundle of 
Secret Intelligence, replies, 'To be sure I did — for all your 



8o 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



humbug deceptions. I smoked ' your intentions, and have 
brought my Oak Twig with me, so now you may go back 
again.' 

We now come to a period of our history which is in- 
teresting to all of us — the Peninsular War. Napoleon had 
turned his attention to Spain, and the Spanish king had 
abdicated, and been sent to Fontainebleau, with ample 
allowances. Joseph Bonaparte had been chosen king of 
Spain, and Murat had his kingdom of Naples. But the 
Spanish nation did not acquiesce in these arrangements. 
They broke into open revolt, the English helping them 
with arms and money, and, on June 6, the Supreme Junta 
formally declared war against Napoleon. This much is 
necessary to explain the following caricature : — 




Gillray (July ii, 1808) drew ' The Spanish Bull fight, 
or the Corsican Matador in danger,' and kindly tells us 
that ' The Spanish Bull is so remarkable for Spirit, that, 
unless the Matador strikes him dead at the first blow, the 
Bull is sure to destroy him.' In the Theatre Royale de 

' Suspected. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 8i 

rEiirope sits George the Third, a trident in one hand, his 
spy-glass in the other, keenly watching the exciting fight, 
as also are the delighted sovereigns of Europe, the Pope, 
the Sultan of Turkey, and the Dey of Algiers. The 
Spanish Bull has broken the Corsican chain and collar 
which bound him, and, trampling on his king, has gored 
and tossed the Matador, Napoleon, whose sword is broken 
in an ineffectual attempt to despatch the animal. On the 
ground are three wounded bulls — Prussian, Dutch, and 
Danish — bellowing for help. 

Woodward gives us a capital caricature in ' The Corsi- 
can Spider in his web' (July 12, 1808). Napoleon is there 
represented as a bloated spider, ' Unbounded ambition,' 
and he is just swallowing a Spanish fly. There are plenty 
of flies in his web — Austrian, Dutch, Portuguese, Hano- 
verian, Etrurian, Prussian, Hamburg, Italian, Venetian, 
and small flies innumerable. The Pope fly is just being 
entangled, and says, ' I am afraid I shall be dragg'd in.' 
' The Russian P"ly ' has touched the fatal web, and ex- 
claims, ' I declare I was half in the web before I made the 
discovery.' In fact, the only two that arc as yet free from 
the baneful mesh is the Turkish fly, who thinks, ' I am afraid 
it will be my turn next,' and the ]kitish fly, who, well and 
hearty, calls out, ' Ay, you may look, master Spider, but J 
am not to be caught in your web.' 

To understand the next caricature, which, though dated 
July 27, must have been published somewhat later, we 
must note that Joseph ]5onaparte entered Madrid, in state, 
on July 20, but, ominously, without any welcome from the 
people : although money was scattered broadcast, none but 
the Ercnch picked it up. He knew little of what was 
going on how Moncey had been obliged to raise the 
siege of Valencia, and that Dupont had surrendered at 
l)a}-len. This latter piece of nev/s he did not receive till 
\0L. II. G 



82 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

the 26th or 27th of July ; when he learned also that Castanos, 
with constantly increasing forces, was marching towards 
Madrid, he left that city for Vittoria. 

A broadside caricature (artist unknown, July 27, 1808) 
shows Joseph leaving Madrid, his crown falling off, heading 
his troops, who are carrying off heaps of treasure. It is 
headed ' Burglary and Robbery ! ! ! Whereas on the night 
of the 20th of July last, a numerous gang of French 
Banditti entered the City of Madrid, and burglariously 
broke into the Royal Palace, National Bank, and most of 
the Churches thereof, murdering all who opposed them in 
their infamous proceedings. 

' The said banditti remained in Madrid until the 27th 
of the said month, and then suddenly departed, laden 
with immense booty, having stolen from thence several 
waggon-loads of plate, and every portable article of 
value, taking the road to France ; all patriotic Spaniards 
are hereby requested to be aiding, and assisting, in the 
apprehension of all, or any, of the said robbers ; and, 
whoever apprehends all, or any, of them, shall receive 
the thanks, and blessings, of every well-disposed person 
in Europe. 

' The said Banditti were headed by Joe Nap, a ferocious 
ruffian of the following description : — He is about five feet 
seven inches high, of a meagre, squalid aspect, saffron- 
coloured complexion. He was, when he escaped, habited 
in a royal robe, which he is known to have stolen from the 
King's Wardrobe at Naples. He is a brother of the noted 
thief who has committed numberless robberies all over 
Europe, murdered niilliojis of the Jmnian race, and who was 
latterly at Bayonne, where it is supposed he tarried, for the 
purpose of receiving- the stolen goods Mhich his brother was 
to bring from Spain.' 

The war, in aid of Spain, against France, was now taken 



OA' NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 83 

up in earnest, and Sir Arthur Wellesley was sent to Spain 
with a large body of troops, whilst reinforcements were to 
come from other quarters. 

Almost one of the last of Gillray's political caricatures, 
and a very good one it is, is ' Apotheosis of the Corsican 
Phcenix ' (August 2, 1808). It has an imaginary quotation 
from a supposed 'New Spanish Encyclopaedia, edit. 1808. 
When the Phoenix is tired of Life, he builds a Nest upon 
the mountains, and setting it on Fire by the wafting of his 
own Wings, he perishes Himself in the Flames ! and from 
the smoke of his Ashes arises a new PJuvnix to illumine 
the world ! ! ! ' This very graphic etching shows, on the 
summit of the Pyrenees, a globe, which is the nest of the 
phoenix — -Napoleon, with orb and sceptre, but, his crown 
falling off, he has fanned all Europe into a blaze with his 
wings. Around his neck is a ' cordon d'honneur ' of 
daggers, and, amid the smoke which rises from the pyre, is 
seen a dove with olive branch, having on its wings ' Peace 
on earth.' 

I. Cruikshank still kept up the idea of Tiddy-Doll in 
' The Oven on Fire — or Boney's last Batch entirely 
spoiled ! ! ! ' (August 24, 1808.) He is on his knees, with 
arms outspread in consternation, for, in putting Dupont, on 
a 'peel,' into the oven — 'Spain and Portugal' — flames 
burst out, labelled Asturian Legions, Army of Portugal, 
Bisca}-, Catalonian Arm)-, Army of Galicia, Andalusian 
Army, Army of New and Old Castille, British Army and 
P'lect, Plstramadurcan Army, Leon, Army of Valencia, 
Murcia, and Army of Granada ; whilst in the centre of the 
flames is the legend ' A people United can ne\-er be con- 
quered.' Poor Dupont exclaims, ' Oh Nap, Naj) ! what is 
this ? Instead of a King, )-ou'vc onl}' made mc a Dup(c)ont.' 
Bonaparte himself cries out, ' Zounds, I shall be over- 
whelmed with this Patriotic I^laze. I did not think there 



84 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

was a single spark left, but I find there is more than all 
the Engines of France can extinguish.' Talleyrand, who 
stands by his kneading-trough, which is labelled ' State 
Prison,' rests quiet, and says, ' Aye Aye, I told you that you 
would burn your fingers at that batch of Ginger-bread — 
but I have nothing to do with it, I am only a Jailor, so 
there is an end to all my glory.' 

We have seen the European monarchs sitting down to a 
game of quadrille. Ansell (August 1 808) gives us its conclu- 
sion. Spain has suddenly arisen, and, upsetting the table, 
seizes Napoleon by the throat, accusing him of foul play : 
' I tell you, you arc a Scoundrel, and if you do not restore 
my King, whom you have stolen from the other table, and 
reinstate Ponto — by the honor of a Spanish Patriot, I will 
strangle you.' Trembling Bonaparte replies, ' Don't be so 
boisterous, I only borrowed him, merely to make up the 
pack.' The Pope is on the flioor, and the stolid Dutchman, 
with his hat in hand, says, ' Donder and Blixens, I be 
quite tired of de game. Yaw ! Yaw ! now is de time for 
me to rise.' At the other table all take a lively interest in 
the squabble. George the Third rises from his scat and 
grasps his ' heart of oak ' stick, saying, ' What ! what ! a 
dust, eh .' so much the better, l^oney got the worst of the 
game. I must lend a hand.' Russia, with hand on sword, 
turns in his chair, remarking that ' Now is the time to rub 
off the rust of Tilsit.' Prussia rises, exclaiming, ' If I don't 
take advantage of the present opportunity, I shall indeed 
be a Prussian Cake.' Austria reaches his hat and sword 
from its peg on the wall, and says, ' Ah ! Ah ! the game 
has taken a different turn from what I expected, I must 
not be idle.' 

The next caricature relates to the bad success of Naj^o- 
leon's arms. The raising the siege of Saragossa, the defeat 
of Vimiera, and the Convention of Cintra, by which the 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 85 

French were to evacuate Portugal, were not facts likely to 
be relished in France. 

' The Fox and the Grapes ' is another of Woodward's 
(September 15, 1808), where the Corsican Fox interviews 
the Gallic Cock. The former says, ' Believe me, my dear 
Doodle doo, you would not like them — I found them so 
soiir that I absolutely could not toiicJi them,' in answer to 
the Cock's query — ' But my good friend, you promised to 
bring me home some Spanish Grapes and Portugal plums : 
where are they .'* ' 

' Prophecy explained ' is by Rowlandson (September 
17, 1808), and the text taken is from the Revelation of 
St. John (chap. xvii. verse 10) : ' And there are seven 
kings, five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet 
come, and when he cometh he must continue but a short 
space.' The five that arc fallen are the Kings of Wiirtem- 
berg, Saxony, Holland, Bavaria, and Prussia, and these 
have fallen into a ' Slough of Disgrace and Ridicule,' The 
' one that is,' it is needless to say, is Napoleon ; and the 
' one that continued but a short space,' is King Joseph, who, 
having been chased beyond the Pyrenees, has his crown 
snatched from him. There are many other caricatures 
on this subject of the flight of Joseph, but, although inter- 
esting, they hardly come within the scope of /'£'r.5'6'7Z(:?/ satire 
on Napoleon. 

Rowlandson gives us (September 20, 1808) ' Napoleon 
the little in a Rage with his great French Eagle ! ! ' 
Napoleon, with his sword drawn, and his hands clenched, 
is in a terrible rage with his brother Joseph, who, under 
the guise of a crowned eagle, is limping along with one 
leg in a sling. Napoleon thus addresses him : ' Confusion 
and Destruction — what is this I sec } Did I not command 
you ncjt to return till you had spread }-our Wing of Victory 
over the whcjlc Spiinish Nation ? ' And the poor bird 



86 ENGLISH CARICATURE AXD SATIRE 

meekly replies : ' Aye, its fine talking Nap, but if you had 
been there, you would not much have liked it — The 
Spanish Cormorants pursued me in such a manner, that 
they not only disabled one of my legs, but set me a 
moulting in such a terrible way that I wonder I had not 
lost every feather ; besides, it got so hot, I could not bear 
it any longer.' 

There is a caricature (September 24, 1808) of 'A hard 
passage, or Boney playing Base on the Continent.' He is 
here represented as playing on the bass viol from the score 
of the ' Conquest of Spain and Portugal.' His task seems 
hard, and he exclaims : ' Plague take it ! I never met with 
so difficult a passage before. But, if I can once get over 
the Flats, we shall do pretty well, for you see the Key will 
then change into B sharp.' A muzzled Russian bear is 
trying to play on the French horn, and says : ' Why that 
is Nahiral enough, brother Boney, though this French horn 
of yours seems rather out of order.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 87 



CHAPTER XLVI. 

PENINSULAR WAR, COfU iimcd— UEKTil<iG AT ERFURT. 

' The Valley of the Shadow of Death ' is, as far as I know, 
the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in con- 
nection with Napoleon — if, indeed, it can be called a cari- 



'- ■■' t 



i # 



.^ffzmm 














cature, for it is far too serious in its conception Napo- 
leon's situation at the moment is here firmly grasped. 
He is surrounded by enemies. With notched sword in 
hand, he leads the Russian bear. He is pursued by the 
German eagle and the spirit of Charles XH. Above is the 
' Turkish New Moon Rising in blood,' the obscured portion 
of which is represented by * French Influence,' the bright 
crescent as ' English Influence,' and the whole is dropping 
blood. A fiery comet, with a tiara as a nucleus (the Pope), 
is darting thunderbolts of excommunication upon him ; 
whilst Junot and Dupont, shackled together at their necks, 
amidst clouds, seem to warn him of his fate. Immediately 
in front of him is a Poytuguese zuolf, which has broken its 



88 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

chain, a Sicilian terrier, and the Leo Britannicus. Death 
also appears, lance in one hand, hour-glass in the other, on 
a mule of ' True Royal Spanish breed.' In the Ditch of 
Styx is disappearing ' Rex Joseph,' whose hands and crown 
alone appear above water. Creeping upwards from the 
slime of the LetJiean DitcJi, is ' The Rhenish Confederation 
of starved Rats, crawling out of the Mud,' also ' Dutch 
Frogs spitting out their spite ' ; whilst the ' American 
Rattle Snake is shaking his tail,' and the ' Prussian scare- 
crow is attempting to fly.' 

Certainly ' Nap and his Partner Joe ' is not one of Row- 
landson's happiest efforts (September 29, 1808). Some 
Dons are kicking the brothers into the gaping jaws of a 
devil, singing meanwhile, ' So seeing we were finely nick'd. 
Plump to the Devil we boldly kick'd. Both Nap and his 
Partner Joe! 

' Nap and His fiends in their glory' (October i, 1808) 
shews him, his brother Joseph, Death, and the Devil, 




■s^pSrii— ' 



carousing. Napoleon is rising and giving a toast. ' Come, 
gentlemen, here is success to Plunder and Massacre.' 
There is below a song to the tune of ' ]Jrops of l^rand}'.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



These Spaniards are terrible rogues, 

They will not submit to my fetters ; 
With patience so gracefully worn, 

Nay, sought for, by Nations their betters. 
But let us return to the Charge 

And no longer with lenity treat them. 
Once get them to lay down their arms. 

And I warrant, brave boys, we shall beat them. 
Rum ti iddidy - iddidy 
Rum ti iddidy - ido. 



Brother Boney, we'll never despair, 

A trusty good friend I have found you. 
Kill, plunder, and burn and destroy, 

And deal desolation around you. 
Then gaily let's push round the glass, 

^Ve'll sing and we'll riot and revel. 
And I'm sure we shall have on our side 

Our very good friend, here, the Devil. 

Rum ti, &c. 

THi; DEVIL. 

Believe me, friend Death, you are right. 

Although I'm an ugly old fellow, 
When mischief is getting afloat, 

O ! then I am jolly and mellow. 
As soon as these Spaniards are crush'd. 

Again we'll be merry and sing Sirs, 
And that we will (quickly accomplish, 

Andy^'^' here, he shall be King, Sirs. 

Rum ti, &c. 

IJOX JO I. v. 

Excuse me from lending my aid, 

You may jointly i)ursuc them and spike them ; 



90 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



But lately, I've seen them — and own, 

I speak the plain truth, — I don't like them. 

They Liberty cherish so dear, 
That they constantly make her their guide, O, 

Who pleases may make themselves King, 
But may I be d — d if I do. 

Rum ti, &c. 

' Apollyon, the Devil's Generalissimo, addressing his 
legions,' a portion of which is here reproduced, is by 




i'^^'htA:^'-^ 






^1^ ^^ 



Al'OLLYOX, 'J'HE DEVIL's CKNERAUSSIMO, A1>I)KES>]N0 HIS 
LEC.IOXS. 

I. Cruikshank (October 7, 1808). His speech is as follows : 
' Legions of Death. After having ravished, murdered, and 
plundered, on the banks of the Danube, and the Vistula, I 
shall order you to march through France, without allowing 
you a moment's rest ! ! I have occasion for you — the 
hideous presence of Religion, and Loyalty, contaminates 
thcj Continent of Spain, and Portugal. Let your aspect 
drive them away from thence ; let us carry our conquering 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 91 

Eagles to the gates of Heaven : there also we have an 
injury to avenge — you have exceeded all modern mur- 
derers — you have placed yourselves on a level with the 
most ferocious cannibals — Eternal War, Robbery, and 
Plunder shall be the reward of your Exertions, for I 
never can enjoy rest till the Sea is covered with your 
Blood ! ! ' And the army rejoice, shouting : ' Ha, Ha, more 
Blood ! ' 

A rather clever broadside, artist unknown (October 
1808), shows us 'General Nap turned Methodist Preacher.' 
Napoleon, in a black gown, occupies the pulpit, having in 
his hand a musket with fixed bayonet, on which is a wind- 
mill, and, in his wig, he has fixed a cross, tricoloured flag, 
surmounted by a cap of liberty, and a crescent. In the 
vestry hang a military uniform, an episcopal mitre, and 
chasuble, or cope — a Turkish costume, a bottle of arsenic 
for the poor sick of Jaffa, a musket labelled ' Scarecrow,' 
and a bloody dagger, which does duty as the ' Imperial 
Cross.' A general acts as clerk, the organ pipes are 
cannon, and the audience, when not military, is seated 
on drums. The letterpress is as follows : ' General Nap 
turned Methodist Preacher, a new attempt to gull the 
credulous ; dedicated to Mr. Whitbread. " Dear Sam, 
repeat my Words, but not my Actions T " Dearly beloved 
brethren. Honour, Country, liberty ! this is the order of the 
day ; far from us all idea of conquest, bloodshed, and war. 
Religion and true Philosophy must ever be our maxim. 
Liberty, a free Constitution, and no Taxes, that is our cry. 
No Slave trade ; humanity shudders at tlie very thought 
of it ! ! The brave, the excellent, English detest it. Yea, 
we shall all be happy. Commerce, Plenty, and all sorts of 
pretty things will be our lot. Good Jacobins, rise and 
assert your rights. i\nd you, bra\-e soldiers, the honour of 
PVance, Plunder and IMood shall once more be your cry. 



92 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Double pay and cities burnt will come down in showers 
upon you. Yea ! ye shall all be Generals, all be members 
of the Legion of Honour ! The Eagles will once more 
cover the world. Now is the time to destroy Great Britain, 
that treacherous country which always seeks our ruin. 
Honour and Victory will lead us. 

' " Dear Countrymen, without good faith there is no tie 
in this world. Dear Jacobins, we all acknowledge no God, 
and nothing else. Let the Altars be lighted up, and your 
organs play the Marseillois, that sacred air, which fires 
every Frenchman's breast. Yea, I swear by this holy 
Cross I now hold in my hands, and in this sacred place, 
that you are all free, and without restraint, that my inten- 
tions are pure, and that I wish for nothing else but Peace, 
Plunder, and Liberty ! Amen ! ! " ' 

' Political Quacks, or the Erfurt Co-partnership com- 
mencing Business' (artist unknown, November i8o8) shows 
Napoleon, as a quack doctor, on a stage with a muzzled 
bear (Russia), who is distributing handbills, and says : 
' Ladies and Gentlemen, I am proud to say, as well as my 
muzzle will permit mc, that I have a large share in the 
concern.' Seated behind Napoleon arc his different 
patients, whilst Death, grinning through a curtain, calls 
out : ' Walk up, walk up, kill or cure.' Napoleon himself, 
as the quack doctor, has in his hand one of his famous 
cannon-ball pills, one of which ' is a dose,' and a trayful of 
them is on the floor of the stage. They are named Naples, 
Egypt, Lodi, Alps, Switzerland, &c. ; and he declaims : 
' Ladies and Gentlemen, depend upon it here is no decep- 
tion. Observe the patients ranged behind mc. On my 
right, a Prussian Gentleman, who was much afflicted with a 
complication of disorders, till I cured him by administering 
a {q.\\- leaden i^oluses — next to him is an Austrian patient, 
entirely rclicv'd by m\- Austerlitz draught, next to him is a 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 93 

Spaniard, whose case is rather doubtful — I won't say much 
about it. The next is a Dutchman — he was a little crack'd, 
but I have made him as lame as a frog — beyond him is an 
old gentleman of the Popish persuasion, whom I cured 
with one bottle of my Italian drops — ^there are many more 
in the background, whom I have cured of various disorders, 
or have now in my care — but. Ladies and Gentlemen, let 
me particularly draw your attention to the great Russian 
bear, once a very fierce animal, but dumb like the rest of 
his species, but after taking a dose of my Friedland Pills, 
and an application of the Tilsit powder, he is able to con- 
verse like a rational being ! ! ! ' Talleyrand, who is on the 
stage, calls out : ' Ah, Master Bull, what, are you among 
the crowd ? come now, you and your Sweedish Friend 
had better step up into the Booth, and take a dose or 
two of my Master's pills.' But John Bull surlily declines 
the invitation with, ' We'll see you and your Master d — d 
first.' 

This of course refers to the meeting of Napoleon and 
Alexander at P>furt, where, besides, were collected the 
Kings of Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, Wiirtemberg, and 
Westphalia, the Prince Primate, the Princes of Anhalt, 
Coburg, Saxe Weimar, Darmstadt, Baden, Nassau, and 
Mecklenburg. The two great potentates rivalled each 
other in their courtesies, l^ut solid business was also to 
be done ; they did not meet simply to waste their time in 
fetes. Napoleon engaged not to meddle with Alexander's 
designs on Sweden and Turkey, and not to help the Poles. 
Alexander, on his side, promised not to interfere in Spain, 
and to recognise the Kings of Spain and Naples. And 
they wrote a joint letter to George the Third, proposing a 
general peace, on the basis that each should keep wliat he 
had. The ICnglish Government, however, asked that Spain 
and Sweden should be parties ; but this, not suiting the 



94 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

designs of the Imperial thieves, the negotiations came to 
an end. 

Nap, with the Russian Emp'ror, now, 

Became ([uite free, we must allow ; 

At Erfurth, the appointed spot, 

They met together, as I wot, 

And German kings and princes, too, 

Were present at this interview ; 

Save Emp'ror Francis,' who, they say, 

Sent an apology that day. 

How many compliments were paid, 

How great the pomp that was display'd. 

Oh, nothing — nothing could be grander 

Than Bonaparte and Alexander ! 

Alternately they dined together. 

And often rode out in fine weather ; 

To be so jovial, gay, and free. 

Suited Napoleon to a T. 

Thro' Alexander's mediation 

With England, a negociation 

Was set a going, for the end 

Of leaving S]xain without a friend. 

The British monarch, ever wise, 

Refus'd t' abandon his allies, 

Still Spain by England was protected. 

And Boney's terms with scorn rejected. 

An unknown artist (November 19, 1808) gives 'The 
Progress of the Emperor Napoleon.' At first he is repre- 
sented as ' A Ragged Headed Corsican Peasant ' ; next, 
' Studying mischief at the Royal Academy at Paris ' ; then 
' An Humble Ensign in a Republican Corps requesting a 
situation in the British Army ' ; afterwards, ' A determined 
Atheistical Republican General, ordering his men to fire on 

' Of Austria. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 95 

the Parisians vollies of grape shot' He then changes to ' A 
Turk at Grand Cairo ' ; afterwards he became ' A runaway 
from Egypt ' ; then ' A devout Catholic,' and, finally, ' An 
Emperor on a throne of iniquities ' : on which throne is in- 
scribed, ' Murders — Duke d'Enghien, Prisoners at Jaffa, 
Palm, Capt. Williams, Pichegru, Cahon, Toussaint, &c., &c. 
Robberies innumerable.' 



96 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER XLVII. 

RETREAT TO CORUXXA — THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE — 
WAC.RAM — JOSEPHINE'S DIVORCE. 

In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon. 
After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it 
prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many chfficulties, 
reached Corunna. The repulse of the French there, although 
at the cost of Sir John Moore's life, enabled the troops to 
be embarked. 

Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians 
again took up arms against him, to which he replied by 
victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded 
before it capitulated. One incident in this campaign was 
seized upon by the caricaturist. There had been much 
fighting about Aspern and Essling, with pretty equal for- 
tune, until the destruction of a bridge, caused by a sudden 
rise of the Danube, which brought down timber rafts, barges, 
&c., deprived Napoleon of all the advantage he had gained, 
and compelled him to retreat to the island of Lobau. 

There is a caricature by Rowlandson (June 12, 1809) of 
* Boney's Broken Bridge.' An aged general, cocked-hat in 
hand, is thus addressing Napoleon : 'With all due deference 
to your little Majesty — It was the Austrian Fire-boats that 
destroyed the Bridge.' Napoleon, however, turns on him 
savagely, and, pointing to the broken bridge, says, ' Ah ! 
who is it that dares contradict me, I say it was some floating 
timber, and the high swell of the river that caused the 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 97 

Shocking Accident.' The Austrian army, on the opposite 

bank, are singing a paraphrase of ' London bridge is broken 

down ' : — 

Boney's Bridge is broken down, 

Dance over the Lady Lea — 

Boney's Bridge is broken down, 

By an Arch Duke — ee.' 

Ansell gives his version of this event, shewing the Aus- 
trian Archduke, pickaxe in hand, having destroyed the 
bridge, and, pointing to some ducks and geese, he sings : — 

The Ducks and the Geese with ease swim over, 

Fal de rol de rido, Fal de rol de rido. 

The Ducks and the Geese with ease swim over, 

Fal de rol de rido, Fal de rol de rido. 

But Napoleon, dancing with rage, on the other side, 
yells out, ' You Rascal you ! How dare you break down 
my Bridge, If I knew how to get over, this invincible arm 
should make you repent your rashness.' In the background 
an officer calls out to the army, ' Invincible Army go back, 
the bridge is broke down and we should not be able to run 
away.' 

It was in this retreat that Lannes was killed — but it 
was avenged at Wagram, a battle that so crippled the 
Austrians that they had to ask an armistice, which after- 
wards led to a peace between the rival nations. 

It seems he wanted satisfaction. 
So Wagram was the scene of action. 
By some, however, 'tis believ'd, 
The Emp'ror I'Yancis was deceiv'd, 
That Boncy had, in his caprice, 
Made secret overtures for i)cace, 

' 'The Uroken Bridge, or Boney outwitted hy General Danul)e,' June 1809. 
VOL. II. H 



98 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

And a connubial match propos'd 
With which the Cabinet had clos'd ; 
They having been assured, that by it 
They should be peaceable and quiet. 
And that great Bonaparte might seem 
A victor worthy of esteem, 
Unknown to Francis they acceded, 
To such a battle as he needed ; 
So that the battle of Wagram, 
They say was nothing but a sham — 
In other words, — tho' low, but certain, 
' 'Twas all my eye and Betty Martin.' 
But if a sham, as it is said. 
The farce was admirably played. 
For twenty thousand men each lost, 
So that they acted to their cost ; 
But, be 't a real one, or a mock. 
They fought both days till six o'clock ; 
Nap to the vict'ry laid claim. 
And saved the credit of his name. 
Hostilities began to cease. 
It seems both parties thought of peace. 

Sauler (August 1 809) shews us ' The rising Sun, or a view 
of the Continent.' This rising sun is inscribed ' Spain and 
Portugal,' and gives great uneasiness to Napoleon, who 
says, ' The rising sun has set me upon thorns.' He is em- 
ployed in rocking a cradle, in which peacefully reposes a 
Russian bear, muzzled with ' Boney's Promises.' Behind 
is Sweden, who brandishes his sword, calling to Russia to 
' Awake thou Sluggard, ere the fatal blow is struck, and 
thou and thy execrable ally sink into eternal oblivion.' 
Holland is fast asleep, and leans against Napoleon. Poland 
is represented by a shadow, and Denmark wears a huge 
extinguisher on his head. Turkey is virtually dead, on 
tlic ground ; but Austria is springing into activity, ex- 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 99 

claiming, ' Tyrant, I defy thee and thy Cursed Crew.' 
Prussia is depicted as a lunatic, with straws in his hair, 
wearing a strait-waistcoat, and, with a very vacuous ex- 
pression of countenance, is singing, ' Fiddle diddle dee. 
Fiddle diddle dee. The Mouse has married the humble bee 
— and I am Emperor of the Moon.' Underneath are the 
following lines : — 

Just as the Rising Sun dispels 
The gloom of night to bless us with new day, 

So genuine Patriotism expels 
Vindictive Tyrants from despotic Sway. 

Thus Spain, the source of patriotic worth 
(A Rising Sun of Freedom to the Earth), 
Invites the Captive Nations to forego 
The Yoke and crush their sanguinary foe. 

Why then, yc Nations, will ye not embrace 
The jjroffer'd Freedom smiling in your face ? 
Why dilly-dally when to sink or rise 
Rests with yourselves — dare ye contemn the jjrize — 
Is Freedom nothing worth, that for her sake 
Ye dare not e"en one gen'rous effort make ? 
Alas ! infatuated Monarchs see, 
"\\"hat is, and what your Fate must ever be. 

Spain is a Sun arising to illume 
The threefold horrors of your future doom, 
While she on Freedom's golden wings shall tow'r, 
The Arbitress of Continental pow'r. 

Russia 's a J>ear amid impending woes, 
Rock'd by th' insidious Tyrant to repose. 

Sweden 's a Warrior of distinguished worth, 
Sweden hath giv'n to many heroes birth. 

Austria 's a Phcenix rising renovated. 
Whose genial warmth witli Sjjain, incorporated, 
Longer disdains to crouch at the fell shrines 
Of Usurpation, and the foulest crimes. 



loo ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Prussia^ poor Prussia, with straightjacket on, 
And Crown of Straw, proves what delays have done. 

Denmark too, half extinguish'd, shows. 
The fruits of leaguing with old England's foes. 

And Holland, drowsy Hollajid, dreams 
Of aggrandizement, potent Kings and Queens. 

While Poland, a mere shadow in the rear 
(As proof of something once existent there). 
Yields to the Yoke, nor dares its shackles break, 
Lest by so doing, she her Freedom stake. 

Poor silly mortals, will ye ever bow 
To the dread Shrine of Tyranny and Woe ; 
Or by co-operation overwhelm 
The Scourge of Nations, and resume the Helm ? 

One of the great events of this year, as regards Napoleon, 
was his divorce from Josephine. That he loved her, as far 
as he could love any woman, there is no doubt ; but there 
were State reasons why he should have another consort. 
His ambition could not be satisfied till he had an heir male 
of his own. The dynasty he fondly hoped to found ought 
not to descend to any of his brothers, and none but his own 
son could have any hold upon the affection of the French 
nation. 

Nap oftentimes began to swear 

That he must get a son and heir — 

He, with affected sorrow, told 

His present lady was too old. 

He might as well have her grandmother. 

And therefore he must seek another ; 

Yes, seek another, — so of course. 

He intimated a divorce — 

That with propriety, like Harry 

The Eighth, another he miglit marry. 

This was enforc'd by his mamma. 

And recommended by Murat. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. roi 

Yet at this very time, good lack ! 

He had a violent attack, 

A kind of stupor he ^Yas in, 

Attended by his Josephine ; 

And, as a certain author says, 

It lasted very near two days ; 

On his recovery, he cried, 

' A son and heir I must provide ; ' 

Then giving Josephine a look, 

His head repeatedly he shook, 

He said — (he could refrain no longer) — 

' I wish, my dear, that you were younger, 

But you are old, and I despair 

Of ever getting now an heir.' 

While this he said, with doleful phiz, 

She told him that the fault was his ; 

For several children she'd before. 

And hoped to have as many more. 

Now Josephine display'd her spirit. 

Of patriotism she made a merit : 

' If,' she observ'd, ' our separation 

Will be of service to the nation, 

Then I agree, with all my heart. 

My dearest Emperor — to part — 

That you may seek another fair, 

And, if you can, provide an heir.' 

When kindly her consent she gave 

Nap scarcely knew how to behave ; 

At Josephine awhile he star'd. 

He humm'd a bit, and then declar'd, 

For fifteen years to him she'd been 

All that was lovely and serene. 

And that no better for himself e'er 

Wou'd wish, but for his country's welfare — 

Of course, for a successor's sake, 

The sacrifice he needs must make. 

He found no fault, as it appears. 

But that slic was advanc'd in years ; 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

To follies past he ne'er alluded, 
For no such sentiment intruded ; 
'Twas not for this he wish'd to sever, 
Her virtue he suspected never ; 
On this occasion. Nap, 'tis said, 
A fine speech to the Senate made. 
Assuring them it was with pain. 
He a divorce strove to obtain ; 
For still he Josephine regarded, 
Tho' as a consort now discarded ; 
But, notwithstanding, she should reign 
And be considered as a queen. 
Josephine, with an air divine, 
Declar'd the throne she would resign, 
And hop'd her Boney might, ere long. 
Meet with a lady fair and young. 
And in nine months procure a boy, 
To be his comfort and his joy. 

'Twas on the 15th of December,' 
As the Parisians well remember, 
The parties in full court appeared 
And by a large assembly cheer'd ; 
A kind of form took place, of course, 
^Vhich fully strengthened the divorce — 
The Senate sent a deputation, 
To ratify the separation, 
AVhich, that it might be ne'er repeal'd, 
AVas, in their presence, sign'd and seal'd. 
Nap was a long time ere he sign'd — 
A proof of a perturbed mind ; 
But some have thought, and so they might, 
'Twas inability to write. 
Soon as the pen the lady took, 
Her hand (or several minutes shook, 
A proof of sorrow and regret, 
Tho' she did not appear to fret. 

' The divorce tncjl; place on Dect-mhcr 16. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 103 

And 'twas the opinion of the sage 
That it proceeded from old age. 
AVhen thus divorc'd — a parting kiss 
Was confirmation of their bhss.' 

How Josephine herself felt on this subject is pathetic- 
ally told by Madame Junot, with an excessively womanly 
grace : — 

' I had an interview with the Empress at Malmaison : 
I went thither to breakfast by invitation, accompanied by 
my eldest daughter Josephine, to whom she was much at- 
tached. . . . "And Madame Mere, have you seen her since 
your return .-* " " Certainly, Madame, I have already been in 
waiting." Upon this, the Empress drew closer to me — she 
was already very near — and, taking both my hands, said, in 
a tone of grief which is still present to my mind after an 
interval of four-and-twenty years : " Madame Junot, I en- 
treat you to tell me all you have heard relating to me. I 
ask it as an especial favour — you know they all desire to 
ruin me, my Hortensc, and my Eugene. Madame Junot, 
I again entreat, as a favour, that you will tell me all you 
know ! " 

' She spoke with the greatest anxiety ; her lips trembled, 
and her hands were damp and cold. In point of fact she 
was right, for there could be no more direct means of 
knowing what v;as passing, relative to her, than by learning 
what was said in the house of INIadame Merc. But it was 
indiscreet, perhaps, to ask these questions of me. In the 
first place, I should not have repeated the most insignificant 
sentence which I had heard in Madame's drawing-room ; 
in the second, I was quite at case upon the subject ; for, 
since my return, I had not heard the word divorce uttered 
by Madame, or the princesses. The strength of mind of 
the unfortunate wife failed totally on hearing the dreadful 



104 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

word pronounced ; she leant upon my arm and wept 
bitterly. " Madame Junot," she said, " remember what I say 
to you this day, here, in this hothouse — this place which is 
now a paradise, but which may soon become a desert to me 
— remember that this separation will be my death, and it 
is they who have killed me ? " 

* She sobbed. My little Josephine, running to her, pulled 
her by the shawl to shew her some flowers she had plucked, 
for the Empress was so fond of her, as even to permit her 
to gather flowers in her greenhouse. She took her in her 
arms, and pressed her to her bosom, with an almost con- 
vulsive emotion. The child appeared frightened ; but, 
presently, raising her head, and shaking the forest of light 
silken curls which clustered round her face, she fixed her 
large blue eyes upon the agitated countenance of her god- 
mother, and said : " I do not like you to cry." The Em- 
press again embraced her tenderly, and setting her down, 
said to me : " You can have little idea how much I have 
suffered when any of you has brought a child to me ! 
Heaven knows, I am not envious, but in this one case I 
have felt as if a deadly poison were creeping through my 
veins, when I have looked upon the fresh and rosy cheek 
of a beautiful child, the joy of its mother, but, above all, 
the hope of its father ! And I ! struck with barrenness, 
shall be driven in disgrace from the bed of him who has 
given me a crown ! Yet God is witness that I love him 
more than my life, and much more than that throne, that 
crown, which he has given me ! " 

'The Empress may have appeared more beautiful, but 
never more attractive, than at that moment. If Napoleon 
had seen her then, surely he could never have divorced 
her.' 

We have a most touching account in ' Memes's Memoirs 
of the Empress Josephine:' 'The divorce was, unquestion- 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 105 

ably, a melancholy reverse of fortune for Josephine, which 
she felt most severely, but she bore it with magnanimity. 
The particulars of the interview between her and the 
Emperor are very affecting. When Napoleon mentioned 
the necessity of a Divorce, he approached Josephine, gazed 
on her for a while, and then pronounced the following 
words : "Josephine, my excellent Josephine, thou knowest 
if I have loved thee ! To thee, to thee alone do I owe the 
only moments of happiness which I have enjoyed in this 
world. Josephine ! my destiny overmasters my will. My 
dearest affections must be silent before the interests of 
France." " Say no more," she replied, " I was prepared for 
this ; but the blow is not less mortal ! " 

' Josephine, on hearing from his own lips the deter- 
mination of the Emperor, fainted, and was carried to her 
chamber. At length the fatal day arrived. 

' On December 15, 1809, the Imperial Council of State 
was convened, and, for the first time, officially informed of 
the intended separation. On the morrow, the whole of the 
family assembled in the grand salon at the Tuileries. All 
were in Court costume. Napoleon's was the only coun- 
tenance which betrayed emotion, but ill concealed by the 
drooping plumes of his hat of ceremony. He stood 
motionless as a statue, his arms crossed upon his breast : 
the members of his family were seated around, showing in 
their expression less of sympathy with so painful a scene, 
than of satisfaction, that one was to be removed, who had 
so long held influence, gently exerted as it had been, over 
their brother. In the centre of the apartment was i)laced 
an armchair, and, before it, a small tabic witli a writing 
apparatus of gold. All eyes were directed to that spot, 
when a door opened, and Josephine, pale but calm 
appeared, leaning on the arm of her daughter, whose fast 
falling tears shewed that she had not attained the resigna- 



ic6 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

tion of her mother. Both were dressed in the simplest 
manner. Josephine's dress of white musHn exhibited 
not a single ornament. She moved slowly, and with 
wonted grace, to the seat provided for her, and there 
listened to the reading of the act of separation. Behind 
her chair stood Hortense, whose sobs were audible, and 
a little farther on, towards Napoleon, Eugene, trembling 
as if incapable of supporting himself. Josephine heard in 
composure the words that placed an eternal barrier between 
her and greatness, between her and the object of her affection. 
This painful duty over, the Empress appeared to acquire 
a degree of resolution from the very effort to resign with 
dignity the realities of title for ever. Pressing, for an 
instant, the handkerchief to her eyes, she rose, and, with a 
voice which, but for a slight tremor, might have been 
called firm, pronounced the oath of acceptance ; then, 
sitting down, she took the pen from the hand of the Comte 
Regnault St. Jean d'Angely, and signed it. The mother 
and daughter now left the salon, followed by Eugene, who 
appeared to suffer most severely of the three. 

' The sad incidents of the day had not yet been ex- 
hausted. Josephine had remained unseen, sorrowing in 
her chamber, till Napoleon's usual hour of retiring to rest. 
He had just placed himself in bed, silent and melancholy, 
when suddenly the private door opened, and the Empress 
appeared, her hair in disorder, and her face swollen with 
weeping. Advancing with a tottering step, she stood, as if 
irresolute, near the bed, clasped her hands, and burst into 
an agony of tears. Delicacy seemed at first to have 
arrested her progress, but, forgetting everything in the ful- 
ness of her grief, she threw herself on the bed, clasped her 
husband's neck, and sobbed as if her heart would break. 
Napoleon also wept while he endeavoured to console her, 
and they remained a few minutes locked in each other's 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 107 

arms, silently mingling their tears, until the Emperor, 
perceiving Constant ' in the room, dismissed him to the 
ante-chamber. 

' After an interview of about an hour, Josephine parted, 
for ever, from the man whom she so long and so tenderly 
loved. On seeing the Empress retire, which she did in 
tears, the attendant entered to remove the lights, and found 
the chamber silent as death, and Napoleon sunk among 
the bed-clothes, so as to be invisible. Next morning he 
still showed the marks of suffering. At eleven, Josephine 
was to bid adieu to the Tuileries, never to enter the palace 
more. The whole household assembled on the stairs, in 
order to obtain a last look of a mistress whom they loved, 
and who carried with her into exile the hearts of all who 
had enjoyed the happiness of access to her presence. 
Josephine was veiled from head to foot, and, entering a 
close carriage with six horses, drove rapidly away, without 
casting one look backward on the scene of past greatness 
and departed happiness.' 

The only drawback to Mcmes's narrative is, that it does 
not exactly tally with the ' Register of the Conservative 
Senate,' of Saturday, December 6, 1809, extracts from which 
are given in the 'Times' of December 27, 1S09. In that 
document Napoleon makes a speech, a portion of which is 
as follows : — 

' The politics of my monarchy, the interest, and the 
wants, of my people, which have constantly guided all m)^ 
actions, require that, after mc, I should leave to children, 
inheritors of my love for my people, that throne on which 
Providence has placed mc. Notwithstanding, for several 
years past, I have lost the hope of having children by my 
wcll-bclovcd consort, the lunprcss Joscpliinc. I'his it is 
wliich induces mc to sacrifice the sweetest affections of my 

' His hcconil \;ilct. 



io8 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

heart ; to attend to nothing but the good of the State, and 
to wish the dissolution of my marriage. 

' Arrived at the age of forty years, I may indulge the 
hope of living long enough to educate, in my views and 
sentiments, the children which it may please Providence to 
give me : God knows how much such a resolution has cost 
my heart ; but there is no sacrifice beyond my courage, 
that I will not make, when it is proved to me to be neces- 
sary to the welfare of France. I should add, that far from 
ever having had reason to complain, I have only had to be 
satisfied with the attachment and affection of my well- 
beloved consort. She has adorned fifteen years of my life, 
the remembrance of which will ever remain engraven on 
my heart. She was crowned by my hand. I wish she 
should preserve the rank and title of Empress ; but, above 
all, that she should never doubt my sentiments, and that 
she should ever regard me as her best and dearest friend.' 

English opinion on this act of Napoleon's may be 
gathered from the ' Times ' of December 28, which thus 
comments upon it : — 

' While the affair of the dissolution of Buonaparte's 
marriage was transacting in the Senate, he retired to 
Trianon. The repudiated Josephine withdrew, at the same 
time, to Malmaison, probably never to behold him again ; 
or, at most, only for a few minutes, during a visit of cold 
ceremony. Whatever errors there might have been in the 
early conduct of this woman, were in a great measure re- 
deemed by her behaviour during her slippery, and precarious, 
exaltation. She has often stepped in between the rage of 
the tyrant to whom she was united, and the victim he had 
marked for destruction, and by her tears, and entreaties, 
softened him into pity and pardon. Such instances of 
feeling, and humanity, had wrought a powerful impression 
in her favour among the inhabitants of Paris, amongst 



ON NAPOLEON THE EIRST. 109 

whom, her unmerited disgrace has probably occasioned no 
less grief than astonishment. The temporary seclusion to 
which Buonaparte appears to have condemned himself, 
may possibly be for the purpose of preventing any oppor- 
tunity of an explosion of public sentiment on this subject. 
We think, on the whole, that Josephine has been hardly 
treated. The reasons assigned for her repudiation have 
existed in equal force for many years ; and the act itself 
might have been carried into effect, with less outrage to her 
feelings, at a former period.' 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER XLVIII. 

FAILURE OF EXPEDFJIONS TO SPAIN', PORTUGAL, AXI) HOLLAND — XAPO- 
LEON's wooing OF, AND MARRIAGE -WTTH, MARIA LOUISA — PIRTH 
OF THE KING OF ROME— NAPOLEON IN THE NURSERY. 

In closing the record of this year, I cannot omit to men- 
tion the fact of the failures of the expeditions to Spain, 
Portugal, and Holland. The latter, or Walcheren expedi- 
tion, as it was called, was just returning in a woful plight, 
fever having thoroughly done its work among the troops ; 
and, in December, the City of London, through the Lord 
Mayor, memorialised the King on the subject of this latter 
expedition, and prayed ' your Majesty will direct enquiry to 
be forthwith instituted, in order to ascertain the causes 
which have occasioned it' 

' To which Address and Petition his Majesty was 
graciously pleased to return the following answer :— 

' " I thank you for your expressions of duty and attach- 
ment to me and to my Family. 

' " The recent Expedition to the Scheldt was directed to 
several objects of great importance in the interest of my 
Allies, and to the security of my dominions. 

' " I regret that, of these objects, a part only has been 
accomplished. I have not judged it necessary to direct 
any Military Inquiry into the conduct of my Commanders 
by sea or land, in this conjoint service. 

' " It will be for my Parliament, in their wisdom, to ask 
for such information, or to take sucli measures upon this 
subject as they shall judge most conducive to the public 
good." ' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. in 

This was the Royal, or Ministerial, snubbing to those 
men who were then giving of their blood, and treasure, 
without stint, and without grumble. 

The ' Times ' of December 21, 1809, is very wroth about 
it, and the sturdy citizens answered it by having a Common 
Hall on January 9, 18 10, at which it was resolved that 
instructions be given to the representatives of the City, to 
move or support an address to his Majesty, praying an 
inquiry into the cause of the failures of the late expeditions 
to Spain, Portugal, and Holland ; they also voted a similar 
address themselves ; and asserted a right to deliver their 
addresses or petitions to the King upon his throne. But 
they got no redress. 

The year 18 10 is mostly noteworthy to the caricaturist 
by Napoleon's second marriage. On February i, 18 10, a 
grand council was called together to help the Emperor in 
selecting another empress. But Napoleon had not been 
wasting his time since his divorce from Josephine. He 
had sent to the Emperor Alexander, proposing to marry 
his sister, the Grand Duchess Anna Paulovna ; but the 
Russian Emperor, although he professed great friendship 
for Napoleon, hardly cared about a closer alliance with 
him, and the proposal was declined. 

The Council, in their wisdom, thought of an Austrian 
princess, and a proposal was made to the Austrian am- 
bassador for the hand of the Arch-Duchess Maria Louisa, 
the result of which should have been, if there is any truth 
in the old rhyme, 

Happy's the wooing 
That's not long a-doing, 

the perfection of bliss to the principal parties concerned. 
It was all settled in four-and-twenty hours,, and Bcrthier, 
as Napoleon's proxy, married Maria Louisa at Vienna on 



112 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

March ii, and, two days afterwards, she started on her 
journey to France. 

We are indebted to Madame Junot for an insight into 
her innocent and childHke character : ' At length the day 
of departure arrived. The young Empress bade farewell 
to all the members of her family, and then retired to her 
apartment, where etiquette required that she should wait 
till Berthier came to conduct her to her carriage. When 
Berthier entered the cabinet, he found her bathed in tears. 
With a voice choked with sobs, she apologised for appear- 
ing so childish : " But," says she, " my grief is excusable. 
See how I am surrounded here by a thousand things that 
are dear to me. These are my sister's drawings ; that 
tapestry was wrought by my mother ; those paintings are 
by my uncle Charles." In this manner she went through 
the inventory of her cabinet, and there was scarcely a 
thing, down to the carpet on the floor, which was not the 
work of some beloved hand. 

' There were her singing birds, her parrot, and, above all, 
the object which she seemed to value most, and most to 
regret — a little dog. It was of course known at the Court 
of Vienna how greatly the Emperor used to be annoyed 
by Josephine's favourite pet dogs, with Fortune at their 
head. Therefore, Francis II., like a prudent father, took 
care that his daughter should leave her pet dog at Vienna, 
Yet it was a cruel separation, and the princess and her 
favourite parted with a tender duo of complaint.' 

But the surprises in store for her on her journey soon 
made her forget her dog and parrot. She was met at 
Braunau by Caroline I^onapartc, Queen of Naples, and 
sister of the Emperor. At this place, on the frontier of 
Austria and Bavaria (the latter of which was then part of 
the French empire), a wooden building had been erected 
for the use of the French and Austrian suites. Napoleon 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 113 

could play many parts, and he played the role of devoted 
lover to perfection. At Munich an officer met the new 
Empress with a letter from her husband. At Strasburg a 
page was waiting for her with another letter, some choice 
flowers, and some pheasants shot by the imperial gun ; 
and every morning brought a page with a letter, which the 
young bride immediately answered. 

Every detail of her progress had been settled with 
rigid ceremonial, and at one place (Compiegne) it was 
appointed that he was to meet her, when ' the Empress 
should prepare to kneel, and the Emperor should raise 
her, embrace, and seat her beside him.' But the imperial 
bridegroom was far too impatient for that. Accompanied 
by the King of Naples (Murat), he left the palace privately, 
and pushed on to the village of Courcelles, where he 
anxiously awaited her arrival. When the carriage stopped, 
he ran towards it, opened the door himself, and jumped in 
without any announcement, the bride being only advised 
of his advent a moment before by the startled exclamation 
of the Queen of Spain : ' It is the Emperor ! ' 

Two days afterwards they made their state entry into 
Paris, where Napoleon, from a balcony at the Tuileries, 
presented his young bride to the assembled multitude. 

Once more to quote Madame Junot : ' On returning 
from the balcony, he said to her, " Well, Louise, I must 
give you some little reward for the happiness you have 
conferred on me," and, leading her into one of the narrow 
corridors of the palace, lighted only by one lamp, he 
hurried on with his beloved Empress, who exclaimed, 
" Where are wc going } " — " Come, Louise, are you afraid 
to follow me .'' " replied the Emperor, who now pressed to 
his bosom, with much affectionate tenderness, his young 
bride. 

' Suddenly they stopped at a closed door, within which 
VOL. II. I 



114 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

they heard a dog that was endeavouring to escape from 
the apparent prison. The Emperor opened this private 
door, and desired Louise to enter. She found herself in a 
room magnificently lighted ; the glare of the lamps pre- 
vented her for some moments from distinguishing any 
object. Imagine her surprise when she found her favourite 
dog from Vienna was there to greet her ; the apartment 
was furnished with the same chairs, carpet, the paintings 
of her sisters, her birds— in short, every object was there, 
and placed in the same manner as she had left them on 
quitting her paternal roof 

' The Empress, in joy and gratitude, threw herself in 
Napoleon's arms, and the moment of a great victory would 
not have been to the conqueror of the world so sweet as this 
instant of ecstasy was to the infatuated heart of the adoring 
bridegroom. After a few minutes had been spent in ex- 
amining the apartment, the Emperor opened a small door ; 
he beckoned to Berthier, who entered. Napoleon then 
said, " Louise, it is to him you are indebted for this un- 
expected joy : I desire you will embrace him, as a just 
recompense." Berthier took the hand of the Empress ; 
but the Emperor added, " No, no, you must kiss my old 
and faithful friend,'" 

The civil marriage was celebrated on April i at St. 
Cloud, and the religious marriage on the 2nd in the 
Chapel of the Louvre ; Napoleon's uncle, Cardinal Fesch, 
officiating. 

We have just read the real story of the wooing and 
home-coming ; I will not spoil it by repeating the carica- 
turist's version, quoting only a few lines : — 

Louisa off for Paris set, 

And by her anxious swain was met. 

To see the lady, what a throng ! 

The road with llow'rs they strew'd along. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



IIS 



No sooner Nap beheld her charms 
Than round the maid he threw his arms, 





FIRST INTERVIEW WITH MARIA LOUIS.A. 



And gave her a true lover's kiss, 
As prelude to his greater bliss. 

Oh what rejoicings and what fetes ! 
What hurly-burly in the streets ! 
The marriage, as it was advised. 
Now publicly was solemnized ; 
The first of April, as they say, 
Was chosen for the happy day. 
When children, in and out of school, 
Are trying to make each a fool. 

This year is so unproductive of Napoleonic caricatures, 
that I can only find one worth mentioning, and this is 
apropos of the marriage : it is called ' Three Weeks after 
Marriage, or the Great little Emperor playing at Bo-peep,' 
and is by Rowlandson (May 15, 1810). It shows the con- 
jugal relations of Napoleon and his Empress, as they were 
supposed to be. She is in a violent rage, and, having 
knocked down Talleyrand, she hits him over the head with 
a sceptre ; he, meanwhile, making moan : ' Ecgar she will 
give us all de finishing stroke. I shall never rise again.' 
She has plucked off her crown, and is about to throw it at 
the Emperor, who dodges behind an armchair, calling out, 

I 2 



ii6 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

' Oh Tally, Tally, rise and rally.' She fiercely declaims, 
' By the head of Jove, I hate him worse than Famine or 
Disease. Perish his Family ; let inveterate Hate com- 
mence between our Houses from this Moment, and, meet- 
ing, never let them bloodless part' Somebody, probably 
one of the marshals, has got behind the curtains for safety, 
calling out, ' Marblue. Vat a Croivn Cracker she be.' 

At the time of the marriage the English newspapers 
were much taken up with Sir Francis Burdett, and conse- 
quently Napoleon's marriage did not receive the attention 
it otherwise might have claimed. In a notice of the reli- 
gious ceremony, however, the ' Times ' breaks out with a 
little bit of spite, ' The Imperial Ruffian, and his spouse, 
again knelt at the " Ite, missa est!' ' 

The only other great event during this year, connected 
with Napoleon, was the abdication of the crown of Holland 
by his brother Louis, and the absorption of his kingdom 
into the French empire. 

The birth of the King of Rome (on March 20, 181 1) 
at last gave Napoleon the hope of founding a dynasty. 
He was very anxious about the welfare of Maria Louisa, 
hardly bestowing a thought upon his son, until assured of 
her safety. 

' As ^ soon as the King of Rome was born, the event 
was announced by telegraph to all the principal towns of 
the empire. At four o'clock the same afternoon, the marks 
of rejoicing in the provinces equalled those in Paris. The 
Emperor's couriers, pages, and officers, were despatched to 
the different foreign Courts, with intelligence of the happy 
event. The Senate of Italy, and the municipal bodies of 
Rome and Milan, had immediate notice of it. The dif- 
ferent fortresses received orders to fire salutes ; the sea- 
ports were enlivened by the display of colours from the 

' Afemoirs of Madame yunot. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 117 

vessels ; and everywhere the people voluntarily illuminated 
their houses. Those who regard these popular demonstra- 
tions as expressions of the secret sentiments of a people 
might have remarked that in all the faubourgs, as well as 
the lowest and poorest quarters of Paris, the houses were 
illuminated to the very uttermost stories. A fete was got 
up on the occasion by the watermen of the Seine, which 
was prolonged until a late hour of the night. Much of all 
this was not ordered : it came spontaneously from the 
hearts of the people. That same people, who, for thirty- 
five years previously, had experienced so many emotions, 
had wept over so many reverses, and had rejoiced for so 
many victories, still showed, by their enthusiasm on this 
occasion, that they retained affections as warm and vivid 
as in the morning of their greatness. 

' The King of Rome was baptized on the very day of 
his birth (March 20, 181 1). The ceremony was performed, 
at nine in the evening, in the chapel of the Tuileries. The 
whole of the imperial family attended, and the Emperor 
witnessed the ceremony with the deepest emotion. Napo- 
leon proceeded to the chapel, followed by the members of 
the household, those of the Empress, of Madame Mere, the 
princesses, his sisters, and of the kings, his brothers. He 
took his station under a canopy in the centre of the chapel, 
having before him a stool to kneel on. A socle of granite 
had been placed on a carpet of white velvet embroidered 
with gold bees, and on the socle stood a gold vase destined 
for the baptismal font. When the Emperor approached 
the font bearing the King of Rome in his arms, the most 
profound silence pervaded. It was a religious silence, 
unaccompanied by the parade which might have been 
expected on such an occasion. This stillness formed a 
striking contrast with the jox'ous acclamations of the people 
outside.' 



Ii8 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

The news was announced to the British public in the 
'Times' of March 25 ; and in the 'Morning Herald' of 
March 26 is an amusing 

Impromptu 
On the French General Victor's Defeat before Cadiz. 

His Victor vanquished, and his Eagle taken, 
BoNEY will stay at home to save his bacon ; 
Sip Caudle with his wife, and for young Nap, 
Make with parental daddle, sugar'd pap ; 
Content to see the Nurs'ry colours fly. 
By holding out his bantling's clouts to dry. 

Rowlandson caricatures the birth of the King of Rome 
(April 9, 181 1) in ' Boney the Second, or the little Babboon 
created to devour French Monkies.' The young Napoleon, 
naked, with the exception of a cocked hat, but with the 
cloven hoofs, and tail, of a devil, is being presented on a 
cushion to his father by a very buxom nurse. The cushion 
rests on a cradle, on which is inscribed ' Devil's Darling.' 
Napoleon is looking after the nursery arrangements, and is 
cooking a caudle of ' French blood,' which is to be drunk 
out of a ' Bitter Cup.' He turns his face towards his little 
son, and exclaims : ' Rejoice O ye Frenchmen, the Fruits 
of my Labour has produced a little image of myself. 
I shall, for the love I owe to your country, instill in my 
Noble Offspring the same principles of Lying, Thieving, 
Treachery, Letchcry, Murder, and all other foul deeds for 
which I am now worshipped and adored.' The Pope is on 
his knees pronouncing a benediction, which, however, is of 
rather doubtful character. 

' The Owl shrieked at thy Birth, an evil Sight, 
The Night Crow cry'd foreboding luckless time, 

' Third part of King Henry VL, act v. scene 6. 



OjV napoleon the first. 119 

Dogs howl'd, and hideous Tempests shook down Trees, 
The Raven rook'd her on the Chimney Top, 
And Chattering Pies in dismal discord sung. 

Napoleon was very fond of his little boy, and the cari- 
caturist represents him in the nursery, thus — 




But in his babe he found relief, 

This was a cure for all his grief, 

For his delightful dulcet squall 

Wou'd not allow a tear to fall. 

What wondrous splendor was devised 

When the dear Infant was baptized : 

For Emperors, Kings, Queens, and Dukes 

Assembled with their smiling looks, 

Bestowing their congratulations, 

And making curious observations. 

With curiosity they eyed 

The King of Rome — the father's pride. 

And some old gossips cried ' Oh la ! 

How he resembles his papa.' 

Aladame Junot gives some interesting details of Napo- 
leon as a father : — ' On my return to France, I found 
the Emperor much altered in appearance. His features 
had acquired a paternal character. What a beautiful 
child was the young King of Rome ! How lovely he 
appeared as he rode through the gardens of the Tuileries 
in his shell-shaped cafcchc, drawn by two young deer, 



120 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

which had been trained by Franconi, and which were 
given him by his aunt, the Queen of Naples. He resembled 
one of those figures of Cupid which have been discovered 
in the ruins of Herculaneum. One day I had been visiting 
the young King, the Emperor was also there, and he was 
playing with the child — as he always played with those he 
loved — that is to say, he was tormenting him. The Em- 
peror had been riding, and held in his hand a whip, which 
attracted the child's notice. He stretched out his little 
hand, and when he seized the whip, burst into a fit of 
laughter, at the same time embracing his father. " Is he 
not a fine boy, Madame Junot .'' " said the Emperor ; " you 
must confess that he is." I could say so without flattery, 
for he certainly was a lovely boy. " You were not at 
Paris," continued the Emperor, " when my son was born. 
It was on that day I learned how much the Parisians love 
me. . . . What did the army say on the birth of the 
child?" I told him the soldiers were enthusiastic during 
many days ; he had already heard so, but was happy to 
receive a confirmation of their joy. He then pinched his 
son's cheek and his nose ; the child cried. " Come, come, 
sir," said the Emperor, " do you suppose you are never to 
be thwarted, and do kings cry V . . . He used to take the 
King of Rome in his arms, and toss him up in the air. 
The child would then laugh, until the tears stood in his 
eyes. Sometimes the Emperor would take him before a 
looking-glass, and work his face into all sorts of grimaces ; 
and, if the child was frightened and shed tears, Napoleon 
would say : " What, Sire, do you cry t A King, and cr\' } 
Shame, Shame ! " 

' The hours at which the young King was taken to the 
Emperor were not precisely fixed, nor could they be, but his 
visits were most frequently at the time of dejeuner. On 
these occasions the Emperor would give the child a little 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 121 

claret, by dipping his finger in the glass, and making him 
suck it. Sometimes he would daub the young Prince's 
face with gravy. The child would laugh heartily at seeing 
his father as much a child as he was himself, and only 
loved him the more for it. Children invariably love those 
who play with them. I recollect that once when Napoleon 
had daubed the young King's face, the child was highly 
amused, and asked the Emperor to do the same to Mavian 
Qiiioit, for so he called his governess, Madame de Montes- 
quiou.' 

Rowlandson's idea of the royal infant is given in a 
caricature (published April 14, 181 1) called, ' Nursing the 
Spawn of a Tyrant, or Frenchmen Sick of the Brood.' ^ 
Maria Louisa is aghast at her offspring, who, screaming, 
threatens her with a dagger. She thus pours out her woes : 
' There's no condition sure, so curst as mine ! Day and 
night to dandle such a dragon — the little angry cur snarls 
while it feeds ; see how the blood is settled in its scarecrow 
face ; what brutal mischief sits upon his brow. Rage and 
vengeance sparkle in his checks ; the very spawn and spit 
of its tyrant father. Nay, now I look again, he is the very 
picture of his grandfather, the Devil ! ' This must have 
been pleasant for Napoleon to hear, which he evidently 
does, as he is but partially concealed behind a curtain. 

Some one (name unknown, August 20, 181 1) has given 
us, ' The Deputeys apointcd by the Legislative Body, doing 
Momage to the King of Rome in the Nursery at St. 
Cloud.' His gouvcrnante, Madame dc ]\Iontcsquiou, pre- 
sents him to the Deputies, who kneel and kiss him, saying: 
' Madam Governess — not one of us can behold without a 
most lively interest, that August Infant — on whom rest so 
many Destinies, and whose Age and Charming Qualities 
inspire the most tender sentiments in the French and sur- 

' Sec next page. 



122 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



rounding Nations.' The lady replies : * Monsieurs — I 
thank you for the polite and flattering encomiums you are 




NURSING THE SPAWN OF A TYRANT, OR FRENCHMEN SICK OF 
THE BROOD. 

pleased to bestow on me — I thank you in the name of the 
young prince, whose Charms are inexpressible, and regret 
that he cannot add his personal sentiments to those which 
I entertain, to the Legislative Body.' In another portion 
of the picture the foul linen of the precious child is being 
washed and hung to dry. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 123 



CHAPTER XLIX. 

A NAVAL ENGAGEMENT— napoleon's TOUR IN GERMANY— DECLARATION 
OF WAR WITH RUSSIA — ENTRY INTO WILNA— SMOLENSKO — BORODINO 
— ENTRY INTO MOSCOW — BURNING OF THE CITY — NAPOLEON'S RE- 
TREAT. 

The next caricature requires some little explanation. We 
find in the ' Courier' of September 20, 181 1, the following 
paragraph: — 'Dover, September 19. Early this morning 
we heard a heavy firing on the opposite shore ; it continued 
at times all the morning, and was very hot about one 
o'clock ; the wind is to the southward, and eastward, 
which makes us hear very plain ; no news has arrived as 
to the cause ; by some it is conjectured that Buonaparte is 
at Boulogne, and by others, that the flotilla is out, and 
some of our cruisers firing at them. It still continues, 
though not so heavy as in the early part of the day.' 

Details did not arrive till the 22nd, and then the 
* Courier ' published an account of the naval engagement off 
Boulogne, on which the caricature is evidently grounded : 
' The cause of the incessant firing on the French Coast, is 
now ascertained to be an engagement between the Naiad, 
3 sloops, and a cutter, and 7 large French praams, each as 
large as a frigate, 1 1 gun brigs, and other small craft, 27 
in all. The following letter gives an account of the en- 
gagement : — We took the Port Admiral in his praam, but 
afterwards ran off — However we took another, and brought 
her away — Buonaparte saw the engagement — he was in a 
boat with Marshall Ney.' 

All accounts, though they do not agree in the number 



124 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

of French vessels engaged, are singularly unanimous as to 
the presence of Napoleon and Ney. 

* The first glorious exploit of the Invincible Flotilla. 
Devils among the Flats, or Boney getting into Hot Water ' 
(unknown artist, September 20, 181 1), represents one of 
the Flotilla returning much damaged, and full of corpses, 
only the captain and a steersman alive on board. Napo- 
leon, who is in another boat, is in a fearful rage, tries to get 
at him, and is restrained by one of his marshals (Ney) — 
who remarks, ' Ma foi, take care, your Majesty will be in 
hot water up to the chin ' — from throwing himself into the 
boiling water. ' You scoundrel,' says he, ' how dare you 
run away when you were 27 to 5. Til order the guns of 
the batteries to sink every one of you,' But the captain 
excuses himself, ' Eh bien, mais, mon Empereur, you tell 
us de Jack Anglais be men, mais, by Gar, we find dem 
Devils.' To which a man in Napoleon's boat replies, 
' Very true Monsieur Ney, de devils Jack Bulls make hot 
water all over de Vorld.' The spirit of Nelson appears, 
like a comet in the sky, darting lightning at the Flotilla. 

The year 18 12 was not fruitful in caricature of Napo- 
leon. In May, accompanied by Maria Louisa, he visited 
the eastern part of France, met the King and Queen of 
Saxony at Frcyburg, and entered Dresden in state. There 
he met the Emperor and Empress of Austria, the King of 
Prussia, and the Kings of Saxony, Naples, Wlirtembcrg, 
Westphalia, and Bavaria, besides a heap of smaller poten- 
tates. The Emperor of Russia was not present ; he had 
concluded an alliance with Sweden against France, an alli- 
ance which was afterwards, during this year, joined by Great 
Britain. In June, Napoleon visited Dantzig, and left it on 
the iith. As a final measure. Count Lauriston was sent 
to Alexander, to see if the difference could be patched up, 
but the breach was made inevitable by the refusal of that 
monarch, or his ministers, to see him. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 125 

This decided Napoleon, and, from his head-quarters 
at Wilkowisky, he issued the following proclamation : 
* Soldiers ! the second war of Poland has commenced. 
The first was terminated at Friedland and Tilsit. At 
Tilsit, Russia swore eternal alliance with France, and war 
against England. She has openly violated her oath ; and 
refuses to render any explanation of her strange conduct, 
till the French eagles shall have repassed the Rhine, and, 
consequently, left their Allies at her discretion. Russia is 
impelled onward by fatality. Her destiny is about to be 
accomplished. Does she believe that we have degenerated .'' 
that we are no longer the soldiers of Austerlitz ? She has 
placed us between dishonour and war : the choice cannot 
for a moment be doubtful. Let us march forward then, 
and, crossing the Niemen, carry the war into her terri- 
tories ! The second war of Poland will be to the French 
arms as glorious as the first ; but our next peace must 
carry with it its own guarantee, and put an end to that 
arrogant influence which, for the last fifty years, Russia 
has exercised over the affairs of Europe.' 

In No. I of a series of caricatures on the Russian cam- 
paign, published in April 181 3, and seemingly by G. 
Cruikshank, is represented, ' The Parting of Hector-Nap, 
and Andromache, or Russia threatened.' Napoleon's horse 
is waiting for him, the windows are crowded with ladies to 
see the departure. Napoleon is ecstatic at the sight of his 
little son, who is held aloft by ^laria Louisa. The young 
King of Rome flourishes a sword, and says, ' I will kill the 
people, as my Papa docs.' His mother wishes him to 
' Kiss him, then, my dear ! and he will bring you some of 
the naughty Russians to kill.' Napoleon bids ' Farewell ! 
I go, ril see, ril conquer. On my return PU greet our 
Son with a new Title. 

That's right, my boy, cause war to rage 
And rise the Tyrant of a future age.' 



126 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Napoleon started on this disastrous campaign, which 
was the prelude to his downfall, with an army of about 
four hundred and twenty thousand men, most of them 
doomed to perish in the snows of Russia. The river 
Niemen was crossed, and, on June 28, Napoleon made his 
public entry into Wilna, which had not long since, and very 
hurriedly, been evacuated by the Emperor Alexander. 

But even the commencement of this campaign was 
marked by disaster. Napoleon had arranged all the de- 
tails ; but the incompetence, or worse, of his subordinates 
failed to carry them out. After the Niemen had been 
crossed, not a third of the provisions necessary for the 
army had arrived, and at Wilna it was found that some 
hundreds of men had perished from want and fatigue. 
The mortality was worse among the horses, having lost 
about ten thousand. Before a battle was fought, and 
scarcely a month from the commencement of the cam- 
paign, there were twenty-five thousand sick men in the 
hospitals at Wilna. 

Napoleon waited a fortnight at V/ilna ; but the Rus- 
sians were driven back from Ostrovno, by ■Murat, and 
more time was consumed at Witepsk. Then came the 
attack on Smolcnsko, on August 16 and 17, when the 
French lost 15,000, and the Russians 10.000 men, and 
the Russians still kept the city. But next da\-, when the 
French again advanced against it, they found it deserted. 
For this the Russian general, Barclay dc Tolly, was de- 
prived of his command, forasmuch as he had gi\-cn up a 
holy city to the enemy without fighting a pitched battle 
for its preservation. 

But, to proceed somewhat chronologically, wc must 
remember that, on July 22, Wellington gained a great 
victory at Salamanca, where the I'rench lost eleven pieces 
of cannon, two eagles, and six colours, one general, 136 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 127 

other officers, and 7,000 prisoners. The general public did 
not know this news till the 4th of August, and the illumi- 
nations in its honour did not take place till the 17th, i8th, 
and 19th of August. It is to this event, doubtless, that 
the following refers. 

In September 18 12 was published a caricature of 
' British Welcome or a Visit from the Bantam to the Lion. 

Though Bantam Boney claps his wings. 

Yet this we may rely on : 
He'll turn his tail and run away 

Whene'er he meets the Lion.' 

And that is precisely as he is represented in the carica- 
ture. The pursuing lion says, ' So, my little Bantam, you 
are come to pay me a visit — Well lets have a shake of 
your claw.' But the bantam, with a very terrified expres- 
sion of countenance, declines : ' Excuse moi, Mons^" le 
Lion, you gripe too hard.' 

The battle of Borodino (or, as the French call it, ]\Ios- 
kowa) was fought on September 7, and was, probably, the 
bloodiest of all Napoleon's battles, but it laid Moscow 
open to the conqueror. 

But soon the cloudless sun was gone, 
And a tliick fog arose thereon — 
Nap prais'd the fog — indeed he did, 
Because his movements would be hid — 
And to the army, in array, 
This was the order of the day— 
' Brave soldiers ! figlit for endless glory, 
The wisli'd-for field now lies before ye, 
You'll with abundance be supplied, 
Clood vdntcr rpiarters, too, beside — 
A ([uick return home — that is more ; 
Then fight, my lads, as heretofore ; 



128 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Posterity will say — There's 07ie 

Who was at Moscow when ''twas won^ 

The French and Russians now engaged, 

And furiously the battle raged ; 

In great confusion, and dismay, 

Poor Boney's scatter'd troops gave way ; 

Our hero his assaults repeated. 

And still the wounded French retreated. 

' This battle,' Nap exclaim'd, ' has been. 

The greatest that was ever seen.' 

And true enough, our hero said, 

For eighty thousand men lay dead. 

The French entered Moscow on September 14, a day 
that Napoleon must have bitterly rued. I do not think 
the burning of this city could be better told than by 
Napoleon's own words ^ : ' Had it not been for that fire at 
Moscow, I should have succeeded. I would have wintered 
there. There were in that city about forty thousand 
citizens, who were, in a manner, slaves. For you must 
know that the Russian nobility keep their vassals in a sort 
of slavery. I would have proclaimed liberty to all the 
slaves in Russia, and abolished vassalage and nobility. 
This would have procured me the union of an immense 
and powerful party. I would either have made a peace at 
Moscow, or else I would have marched the next year to 
Petersburg. 

' Alexander was assured of it, and sent his diamonds, 
valuables, and ships to England. Had it not been for that 
fire, I should have succeeded in everything. I beat them, 
two days before, in a great action at Moskowa ; I attacked 
the Russian army of two hundred and fifty thousand 
strong, entrenched up to their necks, with ninety thousand, 
and totally defeated them. Seventy thousand Russians 
lay upon the field. They had the impudence to say that 

' N^apoleon in Exile, by B. O'Mcara. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 129 

they had gained the battle, though two days after, I 
marched into Moscow. I was in the midst of a fine city, 
provisioned for a year, for in Russia they always lay in 
provisions for several months before the frost sets in. 
Stores of all kinds were in plenty. The houses of the 
inhabitants were well provided, and many had left their 
servants to attend upon us. In most of them there was a 
note left by the proprietor, begging the French officers 
who took possession to take care of their furniture and 
other things : that they had left every article necessary for 
our wants, and hoped to return in a few days, when the 
Emperor Alexander had accommodated matters, at which 
time they would be happy to see us. Many ladies re- 
mained behind. They knevv^ that I had been in Berlin 
and Vienna with my armies, and that no injury had been 
done to the inhabitants ; and, moreover, they expected a 
speedy peace. We were in hopes of enjoying ourselves 
in winter quarters, with every prospect of success in 
the spring. Two days after our arrival, a fire was dis- 
covered, which, at first, was not supposed to be alarming, 
but to have been caused by the soldiers kindling their fires 
too near the houses, which were chiefly of wood. I was 
angry at this, and issued very strict orders on the subject 
to the commandants of regiments and others. 

'The next day it had advanced, but still not so as to 
give serious alarm. However, afraid that it might gain 
upon us, I went out on horseback, and gave every direc- 
tion to extinguish it. The next morning a violent wind 
arose, and the fire spread with the greatest rapidity. 
Some hundred miscreants, hired for that [)ur[)()sc, dispersed 
themselves in different })arts (tf the town, and, with 
matclies, which they concealed under thcnr ckjaks, set fire 
to as many houses to windward as they could, wliich was 
easily done, in ccjnsecjuencc of the combustibk: materials 
\0L. ir. K 



I30 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

of which they were built. This, together with the violence 
of the wind, rendered every effort to extinguish the fire 
ineffectual. I, myself, narrowly escaped with life. In 
order to shew an example, I ventured into the midst of 
the flames, and had my hair and eyebrows singed, and my 
clothes burnt off my back ; but it was in vain, as they had 
destroyed most of the pumps, of which there were above a 
thousand ; out of all these, I believe that we could only 
find one that was serviceable. Besides, the wretches that 
had been hired by Rostopchin ran about in every quarter, 
disseminating fire with their matches, in which they were 
but too much assisted by the wind. 

' This terrible conflagration ruined everything. I was 
prepared for everything but this. It was unforeseen, for 
who would have thought that a nation would have set its 
capital on fire ? The inhabitants themselves did all they 
could to extinguish it, and several of them perished in 
their endeavours. They also brought before us numbers 
of the incendiaries, with their matches, as among such a 
popola::zo we never could have discovered them ourselves. 
I caused about two hundred of these wretches to be 
shot. 

' Had it not been for this fatal fire, I had everything 
my army v/anted : excellent winter quarters ; stores of all 
kinds were in plenty ; and the next year would have 
decided it. Alexander would have made peace, or I would 
have been in Petersburg.' I asked if he thought that he 
could entirely subdue Russia. ' No,' replied Napoleon ; 
' but I would have caused Russia to make such a peace as 
suited the interests of France. I was five da\'S too late in 
quitting Moscow. Several of the generals were burnt out 
of their beds. I, myself, remained in the Kremlin until 
surrounded by flames. The fire advanced, seized the 
Chinese and India warehouses, and several stores of oil 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 131 

and spirits, which burst forth in flames, and overwhelmed 
everything. 

' I then retired to a country-house of the Emperor 
Alexander's, distant about a league from Moscow, and you 
may figure to yourself the intensity of the fire, when I tell 
you that you could scarcely bear your hands upon the 
walls or windows on the side next to Moscow, in conse- 
quence of their heated state. 

' It was the spectacle of a sea and billows of fire, a sky 
and clouds of flame ; mountains of red rolling flames, like 
immense waves of the sea, alternately bursting forth, and 
elevating themselves to skies of fire, and then sinking into 
the ocean of flame below. Oh ! it was the most grand, 
the most sublime, and the most terrific sight the world 
ever beheld.' 

Napoleon, however, returned to the Kremlin on Sep- 
tember 20, and, the main portion of the building being 
uninjured, a theatre was improvised therein. Early in 
October, he stated his determination to march on St. Peters- 
burg, but never acted on it. Instead, he entered into 
negotiations for peace. Snow began to fall on October 13, 
a portent of an early winter, and winter quarters must be 
found. I^^vents, however, did not march as he would have 
had them. On the iSth the Russians, under I^cningsen, 
attacked and defeated ?vlurat, and on the 19th Xapoleon 
left Moscow, and the famous flight from thence began. 
Of the horrors of that flight, it is hardly tlic pro\ince of 
this work to dilate upon — mine is more to chronicle the 
feeling in England witli regard to the events tlien passing. 
It ma\' be said that it was l^ad taste to caricature such an 
appalling disaster — but when did a question (A taste deter 
a satirist or caricaturist ? Take, as an instance, an ex'cnt 
which many of us well remember, the death of the Em- 
peror Nicholas of Russia in 1855. That solemn event 

K 2 



132 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

might well have been passed by, but it was food to the 
caricaturist, and he made money out of it. See ' Punch ' 
of March lo, 1855, and note the ghastly cartoon of 
'General Fevrier turned Traitor. "■ Russia lias Tiuo Gene- 
rals in whom she can 'confide — Generals Janvier and 
Fevrier^ Speech of the late Emperor of Russia.' 

' Jack Frost attacking Boney in Russia ' was published 
in November 1812. A fearful-looking monster, mounted 
on a northern bear, pursues Bonaparte (who flees), pelting 
him all the way with huge snowballs. Napoleon is on 
skates, and holds his poor frost-bitten nose, crying out, 
' By gar, Monsieur Frost this is a much colder Reception 
than I expected. I never experienced such a pelting before 
— I find I must take care of my nose, as well as my toes. 
Pray forgive me this time, and I swear by S' Dennis 
never to enter your dominion again.' Jack Frost makes 
answer, ' What, Master Boney ! have I caught you at last, 
ril teach you Russian fare. Take that, and that, as a 
relish, and digest it.' 

'General Frost shaveing Little Boney' (December i, 
18 1 2) is very grim in its humour. Bonaparte begs, but in 
vain, for pity : ' Pray Brother General, have Mercy. Don't 
overwhelm me with your hoary element. You have so 
nipped me, that my very teeth chatter, O dear— I am 
quite chop fallen.' But the unrelenting and unpitying 
Frost replies, ' Invade my Country, indeed ! Fll shave, 
freeze, and bury you in snow, you little IMonkcy.' 

' Polish Diet with P^ench Desert ' is the title of a cari- 
cature published December 8, 1S12. It represents Bona- 
parte spitted, and being roasted before an enormous fire, 
on which is being cooked a frying-pan full of frogs, which, 
however, jump out of it into the fire. A Wcstphalian bear 
is turning the sjiit and jeering at the poor victim. ' How 
do you like Jjoini/igsen baisting, ^Master Boney .^ and \-our 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



133 



Frogs?' This 'Benningsen baisting' is being very liberally 
supplied to Boney by a gigantic Russian, who holds a 
huge ladleful of it in one hand, whilst with the other he 
grasps a red-hot poker of Russian iron. This ferocious 
Cossack says, 'I'll Roast — Beast (baste) — Dish— & Devour 




r 

< ' ^ .> 









^;^r:^5S>^ 




GENERAL FROST SHAVEING LITTLE BONEY. 



you ! He smoaks Brother Jkuin — another turn and he is 
done.' Poor Napoleon, in his agony, calls out, ' Our situa- 
tion may be fun to you, Mr. Bear — but Death to us.' 

The following shows the estimation in which Bona- 
parte's bulletins were held by the English. 

In December 181 2 G. Cruikshank gave his idea of 



134 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

' Boney hatching a Bulletin, or Snug Winter Quarters.' 
With the exception of one Frenchman, who wears pieces 
of board for snow-shoes, and who exclaims, ' By Gar, he is 
almost lost ! ! ' Boney and all his army are up to their 
necks in snow. A general asks him, 'Vat de devil shall ve 
say in de Bulletin } ' Boney replies, ' Say ! ! ! ! why say we 
have got into comfortable Winter Quarters, and that the 
weather is very fine, and will last 8 days longer. Say we 
have got plenty of Soup Maigre, plenty of Minced Meat — 
Grill'd Bears fine eating — driving CtU-us-off to the Devil. 
Say we shall be at home at Xmas to dinner — give my love 
to darling — dont let John Bull know that I have been 
Cow poxed — tell a good lie about the Cossacks. D — n it, 
tell anything but the truth.' 




RETREAT FROM MOSCOW. 

There was another version of ' The Valley of the 

Shadow of Death,' published December i8, 1812, but it is 

not so good as that by Gillray already given (September 

24, 1808) : — 

By conflagrations always harass'd, 

No man was ever so embarrass'd ; 

He sought in vain a lurking place, 

Destruction star'd him in the face ; 

Hemm'd in — he sought for peace in vain — 

No peace could Bonaparte obtain ; 

He swore, when peace he could not get, 

The Russians were a barb'rous set. 

Intending now to change his rout. 

He sent Murat on the look out ; 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 135 

Murat, tho', met with a defeat, 
Which play'd the deuce with Nap's retreat. 
How great was Bonaparte's despair ! 
He raved, he swore, he tore his hair — 
His troops were absolutely frozen, 
No man was sure he had his nose on. 
The Cossacks, too, made rude attacks. 
And laid some hundreds on their backs ; 
So, in the midst of an affray, 
Nap thought it best to run away. 

According to the caricaturist, during the retreat Napo- 
leon was nearly caught by Cossacks, and only saved by 
jumping out of window ; but as the same story is told of 
him during his retreat from Leipsic, they may as well be 
combined, and the reader will thus be enabled to apply it 
to whichever event he prefers : — 

He chang'd his dress — his horse bestrode, 

And in full speed to AVilna rode ; 

As soon as he began to fly, 

The Russians rais'd a hue and cry ; 

A great reward, as it is said. 

Was offer'd for our hero's head. 

That some to take him might be bribed. 

Thus Boney's person was described — 

His figure rather short and thin — 

Black hair — black beard — projecting chin — 

Nose aquiline, with marks of snuff, 

Arch'd eyebrows — manners very rough — 

Stern countenance, dress'd rather mean, 

And in a grey surtout oft seen. 

But, notwithstanding his dismay. 

Poor Bonaparte got safe away. 

When he to Wilna's borders came. 

He very wisely changed his name ; 



136 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

And in a sledge — 'twas so contriv'd, 
At Paris in the night arriv'd. 

' Nap nearly nab'd or a retreating jump just in time. 
Never did trusty squire with knight, Or knight with squire, 
e'er jump more right — Vide Boney's Russian Campaign,' 
was published in June 1813. It shows the Cossacks 
arriving, and Napoleon jumping out of window, to the 
great detriment of the flower-pots, pigs, and poultry. A 
general inside the house calls out, * Vite, Courez, mon 
Empereur, ce Diable de Cossack dey spoil our dinner ! ! ! ' 




BOXAPARTE S ESCAPE FROM COSSACl- 



He by the Cossacks was pursued, 

But luckily a dwelling view'd — 

And, while his legions bravely fought. 

Protection in this house he sought ; 

The guards, who had the place surrounded, 

Were cut to pieces, kill'd and wounded. 

Nap pricked his ears up at the rout, 

He op'd the window and jump'd out — 

Jump'd out ! how great, then, was his dread, 

Fell he upon his feet — or head ? 

No — not his feet — because he sat — 

He could not fall like a Tom cat — 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 137 

Nor would he break his pretty nose, 

And so — another part he chose — 

'Tis true — his bum was very sore, 

His breeches, here and there, he tore ; 

But such a trifle httle matters, 

A Man can run altho' in tatters — 

So oft was Boney sore afraid 

That he a pris'ner might be made ; 

But, as the man would fain his cracks hide. 

He tuck'd his skirts about his backside. 

There is another caricature of Napoleon's escape from 
the Cossacks, by G. Cruikshank, published some time in 
1 813, entitled 'The Narrow escape, or Boney's Grand Leap 
a la Grivialdi ! ! No sooner had Napoleon alighted & 
entered a miserable house for refreshment, than a party of 
Cossacks rushed in after him. Never was Miss Platoff so 
near Matrimony ! ! ! Had not the Emperor been very 
alert at Vaulting, and leapt through the Window, with the 
nimbleness of an Harlec^uin, while his faithful followers 
were fighting for his life, there would, probably, have been 
an end at once to that Grand Bubble, the French Empire.' 
There is nothing particular about this picture ; it is the 
same as the others — the same Cossacks, and the same 
episode of the leap. 



138 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER L. 

REJOICINGS IN ENGLAND OVER THE RESULT OF NATOLEON's RUSSIAN 
CAMPAIGN — THE EMI'EROR's RETURN TO FRANCE, 

One of the last caricatures of this year is a very elaborate 
picture — ' The Arms and Supporters of Napoleon Bona- 
parte the self created Emperor, alias the Corsican, and 
now the Curse of Europe.' It was published December 
1812, but the artist is unknown, which is a pity, as the 
execution is very good. The animus that inspired it will 
be seen in the following Explanation, which accompanies 
it:— 

The Crest represents the World, which, England and Sweden 
excepted, is set on lire everywhere by the incendiar)- Corsican ; 
his bloody actions and designs are expressed by the bloody hand 
and dagger reaching towards Si)ain. Tyranny, Hypocrisy, Bar- 
barity and Villany are his standards, which are distinguishable 
through the smoke, and the Hre, and have nearly enveloped the 
whole Globe. 

His supporters are The French Devil, and the Corsican 
Devil. 

The French Devil, or le diablc boitcux, formerly a Nobleman 
and a priest : any body may easily guess that he, and Talleyrand, 
are one and the same creature : by the hour glass he indicates, 
however, that time is running away, and that Boney's downfall is 
fast approaching. The Gallic cock destroying religion is his 
emblem. 

The Corsican Devil, who, being intoxicated with unbounded 
ambition, wears an Iron crown ornamented with thorns : he cuts 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 139 

down the cap of liberty, because tyranny is his idol. The Serpent 
and the hyena are very proper emblems of his infamous character 
and conduct. 

Description of the Anns divided into Eight Quarters. 

1. The Mushroom on a dunghill denotes his descent, or origin 
of family. The Crocodile expresses his treacherous transactions 
in Egypt, his apostacy, and his cowardly desertion from his army. 
The bloody hand, the guillotine, and the black heart, can only 
belong to such a monster. 

2. Represents the shooting of 800 defenceless Turkish pri- 
soners, near the town of Jaffa, ordered very coolly by the monster 
Boney. 

3. Shews the poisoning his own sick soldiers in the hospital at 
Jaffa, by his express orders. 

4. Exhibits a scene never known before in the Civihzed World. 
The foul murder (for it cannot be called anything else, though 
Boney excuses it by his mock Court Martial) of the Duke 
d'Enghien. 

5. Here the monster compels the Pope to come to Paris, and 
to assist at a blasphemous coronation, where Boney stands upon 
no ceremony with the Holy Father. Boney puts on the iron 
crown himself with one hand, whilst the other hand is employed 
in robbing the Catholic Church of its head. 

6. Exhibits another shocking scene ; the truly English patriot, 
Captain ^^'right, is put to death, because he will not be a traitor to 
his king and country. 

7. Here we behold the massacre of the defenceless citizens of 
Madrid, on the 2nd of May, 1S08. 

8. Represents the imprisonment of King P'erdinand the 7th 
because he will not renounce the Crown of Spain, nor marry 
Boney's niece. 

The Motto is taken from Proverbs, chapter xxviii. verse 
1 5^' As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear, so is a wicked 
ruler over the poor people.' 

On December 16 of this year was published an 'ILxtra- 



I40 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

ordinary Gazette ' which perfectly electrified this country. 
It contained detailed reports of the successes over the 
French — news which filled every English heart with 
joy. 

The ' Times' of December ly says : — 'We hardly know 
the terms in which we are to address the people of this 
and every other European country, on the subject of the 
Extraordinary Gazette contained in this day's paper. It 
does more than confirm our hopes — it does more than 
justify the ardent expressions of triumph, in which we 
indulged yesterday. And really, in speaking of the suc- 
cesses of the Russians, we are obliged to abate the excess 
of our joy. Not from any doubt of their magnitude, or 
reality, for upon these our countrymen may rely ; but 
from mere apprehension, lest the vicissitude of human 
affairs, which does not usually suffer mankind to exult 
beyond measure upon any occasion whatever, should, by 
we know not what unexpected reverse, abate somewhat of 
the transcendent felicity which is promised the world, by 
the overthrow, and disgrace, of its most detested and 
detestable tyrant. We shall only say, therefore, in so 
many words, that Buonaparte is wholly defeated in Russia ; 
he is conquered, and a fugitive. And what can we say 
more ? We have seen his army pass from victory to vic- 
tory ; we have seen it overthrow kingdoms, and subjugate 
realms, — insult sovereigns, and oppress peasants — violate 
every human right, and diffuse every species of human 
misery. And now where is it ? Where shall we look for 
it ? "A wide and capable destruction hath swallowed it 
up." In this awful event we rather admire in humility the 
dispensations of Providence, than exult with pride over 
the fall of a haughty foe ; it is hardly to be viewed as an 
occurrence between man and man, or between nation and 
nation ; but as a divine judgment upon the earth.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 141 

To give an idea of the state of tension at which men's 
minds then were held, I may be pardoned if I give the 
following extract ^ : ' He [Professor Sedgwick] gave a 
curious account of Commemoration Day, on December 16, 
18 1 2. He was then a Fellow, and, on that day, not feeling 
well, had not been drinking his port wine so freely in the 
Combination Room, as it was, in those days, the custom of 
the Fellows to do. A man, he said, wdio did not then drink 
pretty hard, was considered a milksop. Leaving the other 
Fellows over their wine, he went to the gate, where the 
porter gave him a Newspaper, on opening which, he found 
the official announcement by Napoleon of the destruction 
of his grand army (sic). With this news he returned to 
the Combination Room, and there read the tidings, to the 
intense joy and excitement of all present. Old and young, 
he said, z^'ept like children.' ^ 

The Russians estimated the French losses by capture 
from their first invasion of Russia to December 26, 18 12, 
at 41 generals, 1,298 inferior officers, 167,510 non-com- 
missioned officers and privates, and 1,131 pieces of cannon. 

Buturlin estimated the total loss sustained by the 
French in the Russian campaign at ' Slain in battle, one 
hundred and twenty-five thousand ; died from fatigue, 
hunger, and cold, one hundred and thirt}'-two thousand ; 
prisoners (comprehending forty-eight generals, three thou- 
sand officers, and upwards of one hundred and ninety 
thousand men), one hundred and nincty-thrcc thousand ; 
total, four hundred and fifty thousand,' and this takes no 
count of the thousands of non-combatants who perished. 

The destruction of his army, his crushing defeat, and 
Mallet's conspirac)-, all determined Napoleon to return to 
France, and he reached Paris about half-past elc\en at 

' My RcniinisrciiiW'., l,y L<iril ]\.onald Gowcr, vol. i. j). 209, ed. 1SS3. 
- 'Die italics arc iiiinc. —J. A. 



142 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

night on December i8. How different from his hitherto 
triumphal entries ! Maria Louisa had retired to rest, 
and was woke by the cries of her attendants, who were 
frightened at the sight of a man muffled up in furs, not 
knowing he was their august master. And thus he slunk 
home ! 

In June 1813 was published 'Naps glorious return or 
the conclusion of the Russian Campaign. 

A few Usurpers to the Shades descend. 
By a dry death, or with a quiet end.' 

In this plate we see Maria Louisa preparing to go to bed, 
Madame Letitia, Napoleon's mother, pulling off her stock- 
ings. The old lady cries out, ' Ah, de Ghost ! ! de Ghost 
of mon Nap.' The Empress is frightened, and exclaims, 
' Jesu Maria, what is this so woe begone } It cannot be my 
husband, he promised to return in triumph, it must be his 
Ghost.' Even his little boy, the King of Rome, doubts his 
identity. He is getting ready for bed, and already has his 
nightcap on, but he runs away in fright, crying, ' That ain't 
my Papa ! ! he said he would bring me some Russians to 
cut up. I think they have cut him up.' Whilst Bona- 
parte, who enters in a most dilapidated condition, with his 
toes coming through his boots, his sword and scabbard 
broken, and his face besmeared with dirt, calls out dole- 
fully, ' Me voici ! your poor Nap escape from dc Cossack 
— by gar, I jump out of dc window for my life, and I now 
jump into bed vid my wife.' The ladics-in-waiting have 
fainted, and one, having left the warming-pan in the bed, 
has set it on fire, and it is burning brightl}*. 

On January i, 181 3, was published another caricature 
of the retreat from Moscow : ' Boney returning from Russia 
covered with Glory, leaving his Army in Covifortabk 
Winter Quarters. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 143 

Nap and Joe, from France would go 

To fill the world with slaughter, 
Joe fell down, and broke his crown, 

And Nap came tumbling after.' 

Napoleon, with one of his generals, is in full retreat, in a 
sledge, leaving his army pursued by the Russians, and the 
ground strewn with dead men and horses. The general 
asks, ' Will your Majesty write the Bulletin ? ' ' No,' an- 
swers Napoleon, ' you write it ! tell them we have left the 
Army all ^v^ell, quite gay, in excellent Quarters, plenty of 
provisions — that we travelled in great Style — received 
everywhere with congratulations, and that I have almost 
compleated the repose of Europe.'' 

George Cruikshank (February 22, 181 3) produced, after 
a picture by David, a most laughable caricature, called 
' The Hero's Return. 

Dishonest, with lopp'd arms, the man appears, 
S])oird of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears. 
She scarcely knew him, striving to disown 
His blotted form, and blushing to be known.' 

Dryden's Virgil, Book 6. 

Poor Napoleon, in very evil case, sans nose, ears, fingers, 
and toes, is borne in, supported by two Mamelukes, and 
riding on the back of another, who is on all fours. The 
Empress is tearing licr hair, and weeping violently, whilst 
a maid-of-honour is holding a smelling-bottle to her nose. 
Another lady-in-waiting has seized the King of Rome, who 
is yelling with fright at the sight his father presents. His 
very dog barks at him, and universal consternation prevails. 
The Oriental on the floor holds a glass bottle containing 
Napoleon's nose ; whilst three others in the rear bear rc- 
si)ecti\-cl)' bottles which hold the Em])eror's fingers, toes 
and cars. 



144 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

After the return of Napoleon from Moscow, the follow- 
ing /(^z/ (^esprit was published : — 

When Emperor Nap to France returned, 

He much admired his boy ; 
The nurse, whose anxious bosom burned 

T' increase the father's joy. 

' How much he talks ! how much he's grown ! ' 

Would every moment cry ; 
' Besides he has learnt to run alone.' 

Says Boney, ' So have I.' 

Here is another : — 

Napoleon a Runaway from his Army. 
' A new Achilles, I,' spake Gaul's stern chief. 
Nor spake a he — albeit he "were a thief ; 
For, like Achilles, to the untimely grave 
Hosts he had hurled, the bravest of the brave ; 
Insate of wrath, stiffnecked, implacable. 
Wrecker of towns ; and fleet of foot as well ; 
So like was he in much ; yet not in all ; — ■ 
The heel, that slew the Greek, has saved the Gaul. 

Napoleon was not the man to sit still under defeat, and, 
very shortly after his return, he set himself to repair losses. 
These were heavy ; there was an entirely new artillery to 
be provided, remounts for his cavalry, and, what was of the 
greatest importance, a new army to be made. This he got 
by anticipating the conscription of 1814, and the patriotism 
of his people helped him largely with the remainder. The 
caricaturist has sharp eyes, and he produced ' Bonaparte 
reviewing his Conscripts,' which is an anonymous picture, 
elated February 23, 18 13, and represents the Emperor, who 
is mounted on a jackass, and who has a very motley fol- 
lowing, reviewing his Dutch light horse, who are mounted 
on frogs, every man with a keg of Hollands under his arm. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 145 

There is a very comical picture of ' Bonaparte address- 
ing' the Legislative Body ' after his return from Russia 
(designed December 1,1812, published February 24, 1813). 
Here the discomfited Emperor is in very sorry plight : his 
coat is in tatters, his breeches cover only a very small por- 
tion of his legs, his toes are well out of his boots, and he 
in vain tries, with his handkerchief, to stop the tears which 
flow so copiously, as he says, ' I myself entered Russia. 
The Russian Armies could not stand before our armies. 
The French Arms were constantly victorious — A swarm of 
Tartars turned their parricidal hands against the finest 
provinces of that vast Empire which they had been called 
upon to defend — But the excessive and premature rigour 
of the winter brought down a heavy calamity upon my 
army — In a few nights I saw everything change. — The 
misfortunes produced by rigour of hoar frosts, have been 
made apparent in all their extent — I experienced great 
losses — they would have broken my heart, if under such 
circumstances, I could have been accessible to any other 
sentiments than those of the interest — the glory — and the 
future prosperity of my people — I have signed with the 
Pope, a Concordat, which terminates all the differences 
that unfortunately had arisen in the Church — The French 
Dynasty reigns — and will reign in Spain — I am satisfied 
with all my allies — I will abandon none of them — The 
Russians shall return into their frightful climate.' 

On March 6, 18 13, appeared 'The Wags of Paris or 
Downfall of Nap the Great. " But the circumstance said 
to have annoyed the P3mperor most, was, some Wags of 
l^aris taking of Dogs, and for scv'ral nights together, tied 
Tin Kettles to their tails, and labels round their necks, 
with the words ' Run away from Moscow,' & giving them 
liberty, they ran with velocity, and fury, in various direc- 
tions, to the great Entertainment of the ]\irisians." Courier 
VOL. ir. L 



146 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

I Mar. 1813.' One of these dogs has got between Napo- 
leon's legs, and is throwing him down, while he calls out, 
' Sacre Dieu ! ! Plot Anglais ! ! Not a Dog in Paris but 
shall feel my Vengeance ! ! Shoot ! hang them all ! Not 
the Empress's Favorite shall escape. D — d John Bull — 
d — d Russian bears, not content with hunting Me from the 
frigJitful climate, but sends Mad Dogs to Hunt ]\Ic in my 
own Capital ! ! ! ' The Governor of Paris replies, ' Sire, be 
pacified. All the Dogs in Paris shall be tried by a Military 
Commission for a Conspiracy against your Sacred Majesty. 
All John Bull's bull dogs shall be destroyed! Pomeranian 
Danish Mastiffs & all but your Majesty's own breed of 
Blood hounds' 

' Anticipation for Boney — or, a Court ]\Iartial on the 
Cowardly Deserter from the Grand Army,' b\^ G. Cruik- 
shank (March 6, 181 3), is an imaginary scene of what 
might happen, did the Emperor meet with his deserts. 
The Parisian mob have the upper hand, and a cobbler has 
been proclaimed Emperor in his stead. Before this awful 
being, Boney is dragged by a ferocious butcher, who, with 
an enormous axe in one hand, holds in the other the halter 
which encircles the neck of poor trembling Bonc\', who is 
on his knees, with upraised, supplicating hands. The sans- 
culotte I^mpcror Crispin is seated in a chair, on a haut pas ; 
a cap of liberty, on a pole, behind him. In one hand he 
holds a hammer, and one foot rests on a lapstonc. Point- 
ing to the wretched culprit, he says, ' Well ! you arc found 
guilty of cowardly deserting from the grand arm\-, and, by 
repairing here with your cobbling defence, you have done 
a d — d bad job for yourself, and, as your time waxes near 
its end, I would have you prepare your Sole for )-our Last. 
So off with his head, Mr. Butcher.' The butcher looks 
unutterable things at Boney, saying, 'Ah, D — n )-ou we'll 
cut off your head, and your Tail too ! ' The poor craven 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 147 

wretch, with streaming eyes, and upstanding hair, pitifully 
supplicates that at all events his head should be spared. 
But the yelling mob cry out, ' Off with his head.' ' Aye, 
Aye, he has butchered Millions.' And the women and 
children scream, 'Where's my husband, wretch?' 'Where's 
my Father ? ' ' Where's my Daddy } ' &c. 

Drilling went on, a necessary step to the formation of 
a new army, and the French temperament is well shown 
in a caricature, published in April 1813, of 'Nap review- 
ing the Grand Army, or the Conquest of Russia antici- 
pated,' in which, during the march past, he points to his 
soldiers with his sword, and says to two of his generals, 
' With this Army will I crush those Russian Scourges, and 
make all Nations tremble at my wrath.' One general, in 
his enthusiasm, exclaims, ' Parbleu ! vid dis Armee ve vil 
conquer de Heaven ! ! ! ' The other, evidently an Anglo- 
phobe, says, ' And de Hell too, dat we may send dere dc 
dam Anglais.' 

In April Napoleon judged that his army was in a fit 
state to take the field, and the caricaturist's idea of a 
council of war is humorously told in the picture of ' Boney 
and the Gay lads of Paris calculating for the next Tri- 
umphal entry into ?^Ioscow.' This broadside, which made 
its appearance in April 181 3, represents Bonaparte and his 
generals in council. The latter arc in different stages of 
dilapidation, some having lost their noses, others with 
their feet bound up, and all more or less suffering from 
frost-bite. One, pointing to a map, says, ' By Gar, Sire, 
wc had better go to Petcrsburgh at once.' Napoleon 
replies, ' Aye, and then we can march to Siberia, and 
release the Mxilcs, who will gladly join us, and abjure 
their tyrant.' Two generals, in conversation together, do 
not seem to relish the plan. One remarks, ' Sacre Dieu, I 
no like dc Russia Campaign. I lose my nose, my fingers, 



148 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

and toes, in de last' And the other replies, 'Eh bien, den 
now we lose all our odds and ends.' The letterpress is as 
follows : — ■ 

Master Boney was fain, after fighting with Spain, 

And loseing some thousands of men ; 
To make an attack on the Russian Cossack, 

With Nations to assist him full Ten. 

He began with a boast, that he'd scower their Coast, 

And drive them all into the Sea ; 
He continued his blow, till he got to Moscow, 

His designed Winter quarters to be. 

But when he got there, Lord how he did stare 

To see the whole place in a flame. 
Not a house for his head, not a rug for his bed, 

Neither plunder, nor victuals, nor fame. 

So he sent every Scout, who ran in and out. 

But brought neither forage, nor food ; 
For that d — d Wittgenstein, so compleat hem'd him in. 

That they dared not to venture a rood. 

Now the fire having ceas'd, and the frost much enrreas'd, 

No cov'ring, no clothes to protect 'em ; 
Boney thought to be packing, Kutusoff began hacking, 

And the Cossacks did fairly dissect 'em. 

Says this Corsican wight, Why let my Friends fight, 

As for me, the old Proverb I'll follow. 
He that fights and then runs, may, in spite of their guns. 

Live ! and some future day beat them hollow. 

But take care. Master Nap, you meet with no traj), 

To poke either leg or your head in ; 
Loss of legs stops your flight, lose your head, why the sight 

Will be welcome at Miss Platoff 's ' wedding. 

' The Iletman, Platoff, is said to have promised his dauf^hter in marriage, 
and a fortune for licr dowr\", to \slioever would firing him Napoleon's head. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 149 

In a sledge it is said, this King was convey'd, 

Like a criminal back into France ; 
But his Army and Friends, to make them amends, 

He gave them a precious cold dance. 

The frost kill'd one half, the rest Kutusoff 

Kill'd, or prisoners made in their flight ; 
Thus the Russians did beat Nap and Friends so compleat, 

That no Armies e'er suffered such plight. 

Now this madman, 'tis said, has ta'en in his head 

To attempt at another Campaign, 
With but half of his friends, yet still he intends 

To venture to Moscow again. 

But if Nap, and Ten more, were beaten before. 

By raw Russian troops single handed ; 
With what chance can he hope against Russia to cope. 

When their force with Allies is extended ? 

No, No, Master Nap, you'll not feather your cap 

Any more, for your race is near run ; 
And your murderous heart, is destined, Bonaparte, 

To suffer for crimes it has done. 

Then ye Nations whose voice through fear, not from choice, 

To this tyrant its homage has paid, 
Join the brave Russian throng, that your miseries ere long 

May with Nap in Oblivion be laid. 



I50 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER LI. 

THE ARMISTICE — BATTLE OF VITTORIA — DEFEAT AT LEIPSIC — THE 
BRIDGE BLOWN UP. 

An armistice was signed between the allies and Napo- 
leon on June 4, 18 13, to last till July 20 : six days' notice 
to be given of the recommencement of hostilities. But 
Wellington seems to have disregarded it ; for, on June 21, 
he defeated the French army commanded by Joseph 
Bonaparte, who had Marshal Jourdan under him, at 
Vittoria ; completely routing them, and taking 1 5 1 pieces 
of cannon, 415 ammunition waggons, all their baggage, 
besides many prisoners. 

Needless to say, the caricaturist did not omit his oppor- 
tunity. 'Mad Nap breaking the Armistice ' (June 181 3) 
is said to be taken ' from the original Picture at Dresden.' ' 
Two messengers bring him their reports. One is ' English 
near Bayonne, Rising in South of P>ance, 200,000 men 
joined the Bourbon Standard, Revolt at Toulon, Discon- 
tent at Paris, All Spain evacuated, and more losses.' The 
other messenger tells the furious Emperor : ' Diable ! Your 
Grand Army in Spain is totally routed, 180 Cannon, 400 
Ammunition Waggons, All the Baggage ! 9000 head of 
Cattle, Military Chest full of money taken. Your brother, 
King Joey, gallop'd away on horseback, Devil knows 
where ! M. Jourdain has lost his wig and stick ! and the 

' Napoleon vs'as at iJrcsden when he heard the news of the defeat at 
Vittoria. 



Oy NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 151 

Enemy pursuing in all directions.' Bonaparte is in a 
towering rage, brandishing a poker, and kicking the last 
messenger, to whom he roars out : ' Away, base slaves. 
Fresh Torments ! Vile Cowards ! Poltroon Joe ! Traitor 
Jourdain ! Cursed Anglais ! I'll make Heaven and Earth 
tremble for this ! but 'tis lies ! base lies ! Give me my 
horse, I'll mount, and away to Spain ! England ! Welling- 
ton ! and Hell ! to drive Lucifer from his Infernal Throne 
for Treachery to Me ! ! ' A frightened general standing by 
exclaims : ' Aly Poor Master ! is it come to this ? I must 
whip on this Strait Jacket, or he'll break all our bones, as 
well as the Armistice.' 

As a corollary to this, although it does not belong to 
Napoleon proper, I cannot abstain from noticing a picture 
published July 9, 181 3, of ' Jourdan and King Joe or Off 
they go — a Peep at the French Commanders at the battle 
of Vittoria.' The British troops have routed the French, 
who fl)- in all directions ; King Joseph and Marshal 
Jourdan, in the foreground, are doing the same. Sa}'s the 
king : ' Parblcu Mons^' IMarshal, we must run ! a pretty 
piece of business we have made of it. If m}- Brother Nap 
sends for mc to the Congress, the Devil a clean shirt have 
thc}- left me ! Could }-ou not try your hand at a Conven- 
tion again, m\- dear Jourdan ! as our friend Junot did in 
Portugal .' ' 

But Jourdan replies : ' Convention ! No, ma foi ! there is 
no tricking ce Lord Wellington, we ha\-c nothing to trust 
to but our heels, but I dont think thc}' will sax'c us, }-ou 
need not be uncas}- about a clean shirt for the Congress, 
Mons'" Joe. Allons done, run like dc Dc\-il ! run like 
}-(jur Ijrother Nap from Ivussia.' 

(icorge Cruikshank drew (July 8, 181 3) a very liu- 
morfjus picture of ' Boncy receiving an account of the 
Idattle f)f Vittoria — or — the Little Emperor in a great 



152 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Passion ! ' A ragged postilion, mounted on the back of a 
kneeling soldier, holds up a long roll : ' King Joseph has 
been defeated by Wellington with the loss of 151 pieces of 
Cannon, 415 Ammunition Waggons, Bag and Baggage, 
Provisions, &c., &c., &c. The French have one very fine 
little Howitzer left. One Quarter of the Army is killed, 
the other wounded, the third Quarter taken prisoners, and 
the English are playing the Devil with the rest.' 

Napoleon, before his throne, is stamping, tearing his 
hair, and flourishing his sword, to the undisguised terror 
of his Mameluke Roustem ; he roars out : ' Oh ! — ! — ! — ! — ! 
— ! — ! — ! oh ! Hell and the Devil ! Death and D— na- 
- — on ! ! ! that cursed fiend John Bull will drive me mad ! 
Villains ! Villains ! 'tis all a lie, 'tis false as Hell, I say ! ! 

away with the scroll — it sears my very eyeballs ! ! ! 

I'll cut it in Ten Thousand pieces — I'll kick ye to the Devil 
— away with it ! ! ! ' Russia, Prussia, and Austria are spec- 
tators. Russia suggests : ' Now is the time ! ' In this 
Prussia cordially agrees, and says to Austria : ' Now or 
never, will you not join us ? ' 

Only a portion is given of G. Cruikshank's ' A Scene 
after the Battle of Vittoria, or More Trophies for White- 
hall !!! ' (July 10, 1813). The Duke of Wellington, on 
horseback, is receiving the captured colours, &c., which his 
officers lay at his feet. He is evidently satisfied with the 
result, for he exclaims : ' Why ! here's enough for three 
Nights Illumination ! ' A general replies : ' Three times 
three, my lord.' One presents him with a baton : ' Here's 
Marshal Jourdan's Rolling pin ' ; and another, bringing in a 
captured standard, points to the group which forms our 
illustration, saying : 'And here comes their last Cannon !I ' 

The following caricature will do for any time during 
the year : — ' John Bull teazed by an P2arwig ' bears only 
the date of 1813, and is by an unknown artist. The old 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



153 



boy is at his frugal meal of bread, cheese, and beer, and 
has been reading the ' True Briton,' when he is interrupted 







A SCEXK AFJEK THE ]!ATTLE OF Vn-IORIA, OK, MORE TROPHIES FOR 
WHITEHALL ! ! ! 

by little Boney, who, perched on his shoulder, pricks his 
cheek with a Lilliputian sword. John Bull turns round 
half angrily, and says : ' I tell )'OU what, you Vermin ! if 
you won't let me cat my bread and cheese in peace, and 
comfort, I'll blow you away, depend upon it.' To which 
the insect replies : ' I will have the cheese, you Brute you 
— I have a great mind to annihilate you, you great, over 
grown, Monster ! ! ! ' 

In October 18 13 came out an etching of 'Tom Thumb 
and the Giant, or a forced March to Franckfort. Kings 
are his Coitincis, vide Sheridan's speech. A letter from 
Stralsund states that Buonaparte, on his journey to Paris, 

sent a Courier to the King of \Vi g ' with orders for 

him to proceed to h^ranckTort on the Maine, and the latter 
would meet him there accordingly.' Tom Tluiml:), Napo- 
leon, on horseback, prods on the King with his sword, tell- 
ing him at the same time : ' (3n, Sir, to PVanckfort, and 

' \\ urtciiil)ui-L;. 



154 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

there await my coming.' The poor fat King, with perspir- 
ing brows, piteously exclaims : ' Well, I am going as fast 
as I can Pretty work this for a Man of my Im- 
portance ! ! Was it for this }'OU put a Crown upon my 
head ! ' 

Napoleon's power was rapidly drawing to an end, and 
the crushing defeat he received at Leipsic on October i6, 
17, 18, 19, gave it its death-blow. The news was pro- 
mulgated throughout England by a ' London Gazette Ex- 
traordinary ' of November 3. The ' Times ' of the same 
date had hinted of reverses sustained by Napoleon, and 
on November 4 broke into jubilation thus: '"Justice 
demands the sacrifice of the Tyrant," ' such was the senti- 
ment which concluded our last article, — a sentiment not 
dictated by any feeling of transient growth, but adopted 
after long and serious reflection on what is due to the 
moral interests, which are the best and surest interests of 
nations. The French people will now determine between 
the sacrifice of their Tyrant, and sacrifices of a very dif- 
ferent description, sacrifices of their lives, their children, 
their treasure, their honour. 

' We had alread)- communicated to our readers the 
private information which we had received, stating that he 
had sustained " dreadful reverses " in a " series of actions," 
M'hich had caused him " not only a great diminution in the 
numbers of his men, but also a serious loss of artillery " ; 
and that he had himself " escaped with the utmost difficulty 
to a place of comparative, and but comparative, safet}'." 
Such were the accounts v\-hich we believed " would be found 
to contain a very moderate statement of the Tyrant's 
losses " ; but we own our most sanguine hopes have been 
exceeded by the Official Statements received )-esterday by 

' Tlic real quotation is : 'Justice demaiuls of licr the sacrifice of lier 
lilooclyuilty tyrant.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 155 

Government, and made public ; first, in a brief form, by a 
letter from Lord Castlereagh to the LORD Mayor, and 
a Bulletin from the Foreign Office ; and, afterwards, in 
most gratifying detail, by an Extraordinaiy Gazette' 

The ' Morning Post ' of the same date heads the intel- 
ligence as 'The most Glorious and Important News ever 
received ; ' and the Prince Regent, who opened Parliament 
on November 4, alluded to it in his speech in these terms : 
' The annals of Europe afford no examples of victories 
more splendid, and decisive, than those which have been 
recently achieved in Saxony.' London was brilliantly illu- 
minated, and joy reigned throughout the kingdom. 

One of the first caricatures on the subject is the ' Ex- 
ecution of two celebrated Enemies of Old England, and 
their Dying Speeches, 5 Nov. 181 3,' which was by Row- 
landson (published November 27, 1813), and is stated to 
be a representation of a ' Bonfire at Thorpe Hall near 
Louth, Lincolnshire, on 5 Nov. 18 13, given by the Rev. 
W. C. to the boys belonging to the Seminary at Louth, in 
consequence of the arrival of news of the Decisive Defeat 
of Napoleon Buonaparte, by the Allies, at 1 1 o'clock on y*-' 
4th, & Louth Bells ringing all night.' 

Guy P'aux, who is got up like one of the old watchmen, 
is swinging on one gallo\\-s, and Napoleon, in traditional 
costume, on another, with a roaring bonfire under him. 
Men, women, and boys arc rejoicing around. ' Guy Faux's 
Dying Speech. I, Guy P^aux. meditating my Country's 
ruin, by the clandestine, and diabolical, means of the Gun- 
I^owder plot, was most fortunately discovered, and brought 
to condign punishment, by Old England, and here I bewail 
my fate.' ' Napoleon JUionapartc's D}'ing Speech. I, 
Napoleon Ikionaparte, flattered by all the h^'cnch Nation 
that I was in\-incib]c, have most crucll)'-, and most childishly, 
attempted the subjugation of the world. I have lost my 



156 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

fleets, I have lost the largest, and the finest, armies ever 
heard of, and I am now become the indignation of the 
world, and the scorn, and sport, of boys. Had I not 
spurned the firm wisdom of the Right Hon. W™ Pitt, I 
might have secured an honourable Peace, I might have 
governed the greatest Nation ; but, alas, my ambition has 
deceived me, and Pitt's plans have ruined me.' 

Rowlandson drew a ' Copy of the Transparency exhi- 
bited at Ackermann's Repository of Arts, During the Illu- 
minations of the 5th and 6th of November 18 13, in honour 
of the splendid victories obtained by the Allies over the 
Armies of France, at Leipsig and its Environs. 

' The Two Kings of Terror. 

' This Subject, representing the two Tyrants, viz. the 
Tyrant Bonaparte^ and the Tyrant Death, sitting together 
on the Field of Battle, in a manner which promises a more 
perfect intimacy immediately to ensue, is very entertaining. 
It is also very instructing to observe, that the former is now 
placed in a situation, in which all Europe may see through 
hivi. The emblem, too, of the circle of light from mere 
vapour, which is so soon extinguished, has a good moral 
effect ; and as the Gas represents the dying flame, so does 
the Drum, on which he is seated, typify the Jiolloz^, and 
noisy nature of the falling Usurper. 

'The above description of the subject, appeared in the 
Sun of Saturday, the Gth of November. These pointed com- 
ments arose from the picture being transparent, and from 
a circle, indicative of the strength, and brotherly union, of 
the Allies, which surmounted the same, composed of gas ' 
of brilliant brightness.' 



' (las was just llien coming into notoriety as an illuminating power. 
\N e>tminster IJridgc was lit Ly gas iJecemhcr 31, iSij, but its use did not 
liecome "eneral in London un'.il 1S16. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 157 

' Cossack Sports — or the Platoff Hunt in full cry after 
French Game' (November 9, 18 13), shows Leipsic in the 
background, and the river Elster, into which the Cossacks 
plunge, in full cry, after the ' Corsican Fox.' The Hetman, 
Platoff, cries, ' Hark forward ! my boys, get along ! he 
runs in view — Yoics, Yoics — There he goes — Tally ho ! ' 
His daughter, about whom the story is told (see footnote 
p. 148), is in mid stream, lashing her horse, and calling out, 
' Hi ! ho ! Tally ho! For a husband ! ' An army of French 
frogs in vain attempt to stop the Cossacks — they are 
routed, and fleeing. 

A very cleverly drawn caricature is ' Caterers — Boney 
Dished — a Bonne Bouchc for Europe' (November 10, 18 13), 
and it gives us the sovereigns of Europe seated around a 
table, on which is a large dish, in the centre of which poses 
Napoleon, surrounded with a garnish of his marshals, 
seated, and with their hands tied behind them. The diffe- 
rent sovereigns express their opinions upon the dish. Thus 
Russia says, ' I think Brother of Austria, this dish will be 
relish'd by all Europe.' ' And I think Brother of Russia 
they will admire the garnish ! ' ' Pray let Wurtemburg 
join in that dish.' ' And Bavaria, if you please.' Holland 
thinks that ' Bonder and Blikins, dat dish will please mein 
Vrow.' Poland says, ' It is rather too highly seasoned for 
my taste, but French.' The Switzcr opines that ' William 
Tell never invented a better dish, I hope we shall have a 
taste of it ! ' Italy swears ' By the God of Love ! that is 
better dish den ]\Iaccaroni.' With tears streaming down 
his face, a poor monarch pra^'s, 'Oh dear! oh dear! I hope 
they won't Dish the poor old King of Saxony.' Prussia 
remarks to England, ' We must reduce the quantity of irri- 
tating articles, before wc can produce it as a finished dish 
— What say you .Steward of the P^cast .^ ' who replies, ' I 
agree with your Highness, John Ikill prefers moderation.' 



158 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



On November lo, 1813, was published 'The Daw Stript 
of his Borrow 'd Plumes, vide Gafs Fables of the Daw 
and the other Birds,' which shows the different birds de- 
spoiling the poor Daw, Napoleon. The double-headed 
eagle, Russia, with one beak strips him of his Legion of 
Honour, the other head takes off his crown. Austria, 
Prussia', and Sweden are rapidly denuding him of his bor- 
rowed plumes ; whilst Spain, Poland, and Bohemia are 
hovering around. The background is taken up with a 
Cossack spitting runaway Frenchmen on his lance. 




THE DAW STRirX OF IIIH ISORROWEI) I'LUMES. 

Rowlandson gives us (November 25, 181 3) 'A Long 
pull, a Strong pull, and a pull altogether.' Here we sec the 
allies' ships riding freely on the ocean, the sun of tyranny 
setting, and the allies giving all their strength in helping to 
float the Texcl fleet, which the Dutch are assisting them to 
launch. Napoleon and his brother Joseph are in the back- 
ground, the former dancing with rage, and cr)-ing (uit, ' Oh 
]kother Joe — Pm all Fire. My Passion eats me up. Such 
unlooked for storms of ill fall on mc. It beats down all my 
cunning, I cannot bear it. My ears "are filled with noise, 
my eyes grow dim, and feeble shakings seize every Limb.' 
Joseph, whose crown has dropped off, says, ' Oh Brother 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



159 




Nap, brother Nap, \vc shan't be left with half a crown 
apiece ! ' 

'The Corsican toad under a harrow' (Rowlandson, 



i6o 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



November 27, 18 13) also alludes to the defection of Hol- 
land, the agonised Emperor calling out, ' Oh, this heavy- 
Dutchman ! O' had I enough to bear before ! ! ! ' 




THE CORSICAX TOAD UNDER A HARROW. 

Rowlandson gives us (November 29, 1S13) 'Dutch 
Nightmare, or the Fraternal Hug, returned with a Dutch 
Squeeze,' which represents Napoleon lying on a state bed, 
suffering the tortures of nightmare, his incubus being a 
very heavy Dutchman, who sits upon his breast calling 
out, ' Orange Boven,' and puffing his smoke right into the 
face of his victim, 

Mr. Grego credits Rowlandson with the ' Head Runner 
of Runners from Lcipsic P^air' (March 2, 1S14), but both 
the design and drawing manifestly show that it is not by 
him. On the contrary, its internal evidence clearly shows 
it to be a German engraving, and much earlier in date, 
the town in the background being labelled ?\Ia}-nz. Napo- 
leon is here represented as a running courier, and the 
speed at which he is going is shown by his being able to 
keep pace with a hare. The top of his staff is Charle- 
magne — or, as in the etching, Carolus Magnus. In his 



OA' NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



i6i 



rapid flight he is losing from his wallet all the things 
entrusted to him — Italy, Holland, Switzerland, the Rhein- 
bund, &c. 

His flight from Leipsic was well caricatured, and one 









HEAD RrXXRR OF RUNNERS, FROM LEIPSIC FAIR, 



episode, tlie premature blowing up of the bridge over the 
Klster, came in for severe comment. Colonel Montfort had 
orders to blow up the bridge, which was mined, as soon as 
the last of the troops had passed over. He, however, 
entrusted this duty to a corporal and four miners. The 
corporal, hearing shouting and cannonading, thought the 
allies were in possession of the city and pursuing the 
h'rcnch forces. He therefore fired tlie bridge, which blew 
up, cutting off the retreat of four corps d'anua\ and more 
than 200 cannon. Of course, the men so circumstanced 
had no option but to yield themselves as prisoners, after 
many had been driven into the river and drowned. 
VOL. II. M 



1 62 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

At Dresden still our hero staid, 
Because to bud^re he was afraid, 









NAPOLEON' S FLIGHT FROM LEIPSIG. 

And when he did, it was to meet 

At Leipsic, a severe defeat : 

The bridge here, as the story goes. 

Nap wished to blow up with his foes ; 

This to a col'nel he imparted, 

'\\'ho was, perhaps, too tender hearted. 

For to a captain, (so we've heard) 

The Colonel the task transferred. 

And he a corporal employ'd. 

By whom the bridge should be destroy'd ; 

But scarce had Nap the bridge passed thro', 

Wlien, helter skelter, up it flew ! 

It seems the truth cannot be traced ; 

Either the corp'ral was in haste, 

Or by some means, 'tis suspected, 

'Twas just as Boney had directed ; 

For the Explosion soon confounded 

His waggon loads of sick and wounded : 

And by tliese means, as oft he did. 

He got of them immediate rid. 

' Bonaparte's l^ridgc, to the Tunc of This is the House 
that Jack built' (December i, 1813), supposed to be drawn 
by la Noiirrtce du Roi dc Rome, is in eight compartments, 
which arc thus described : — 



OiY NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 163 

This is the bridge that was blown into air. 

These are the Miners who had the care 

Of mining the Bridge that was blown into air. 

This is the Corporal stout and strong, 
Who fired the Mine with his match so long, 
Which was made by the Miners, &c. 

This is the Colonel of Infantry, 

■\A'ho ordered the Corporal stout and strong 

To fire the Mine, &:c. 

This is the Marshall of high degree 
Who whispered the Colonel of Infantry 
To order the Corpora', &c. 

This is the Emperor who scampered away. 
And left the Marshall of high degree 
To whisper the Colonel, (S:c. 

These be the thousands who cursed the day, 

^\'hich made him an Emperor, who scamj)cred away, lVc 

Tliese are the Monarchs so gen'rous and brave, 

Who conquerVl the Tyrant, and Liberty gave, 

To thousands (.\: thousands who cursed the dav, C^c. 



1 64 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER LII. 

napoleon's return to PARIS — HIS RECEITIOX. 

'Grasp all Lose all — Atlas enraged — or the punishment 
of unqualified ambition ' is the title of a picture (December 
I, 1 813) which represents Atlas, who is kneeling down, 
preparing to drop the whole world on Napoleon. The 
latter, who has been touching those parts of the earth 
^\hich are in his possession, and boasting, 'France be mine! 
Holland be mine ! Italy be mine ! Spain and Poland be 
mine ! Russ, Prussia, Turky, de whole world vil be 
mine ! ! ! ! ' staggers back, exclaiming, ' Mons. Atlas, hold 
up, dont let it fall on me.' Atlas, whose look is fearful, 
sa\-s, ' \\'hcn the Friends of Freedom, and Peace, have 
stopped your shaking it on my shoulders, and got their 
own again, I'll bear it. Till then \-ou ma}- carry it your- 
self. Master Boncy.' Russia and Prussia arc rushing away 
in fright. Says one, ' By Gar 'tis true, 'tis fall on you 
Head ! votre Serviteur ! we no stop to be crush vid }-ou.' 

This very clever caricature portrait of Napoleon was 
published by Ackcrmann, 101 Strand, on December i, 181 3. 
It is in the form of a broadside, and contains the following 
letterpress : — 

X.XPOLEON the First and Last, l)y tlie wrath of Heaven 
!'jn]'LTor of the Jacobins, Protector of the Confederation of 
Rogues, Mediator of the Hellish League, Crand Cross of the Legion 
of Horror, Commander in Chief of the Legions of Skeletons left at 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



165 



Moscow, Smolensk, Leipzig, &c. Head Runner of Runaways, 
Mock High-Priest of the Sanhedrim, Mock Prophet of Mussul- 
men, Mock Pillar of the Christian Faith, Inventor of the Syrian 
Method of disposing of his own sick by sleeping Draughts, or of 




















NArOLEOX TilE FIRST AMI LAST. 



captured enemies by the Bayonet : First Grave Digger for l)ury- 
ing alive ; Chief Caoler of the Holy Father and of ihe King of 
S[)ain, Destroyer of Crowns, and Manufacturer of Counts, Dukes, 
l-'rinces, and Kings ; Cliief Douanier of the Continental System, 
Head Butcher of the I'arisian, and Toulouese, Massacres, Mur- 
derer of Hofcr, Palm, Wright, nay of his own Prince, the noble 
and virtuous Duke of ]->nghien, and of a thousand others ; Kid- 
napper of Ambassadors, High Admiral of the Invasion Praams, 
Cujj Bearer of the Jaffa Poison, Arch C'liancellor of Waste ])aper 
Treaties, Arcli Treasurer of the Plunder of tlie World, the san- 



i66 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

guinary Coxcomb, Assassin, and Incendiary to MAKE 

PEACE WITH : ! ! 

This Hieroglyphic Portrait of the Destroyer is faithfully 
copied from a German Print, with the Parody of his assumed 
Titles. The Hat of the Destroyer represents a discomfited 
French Eagle, maimed and crouching, after his Conflict with the 
Eagles of the North. His visage is composed of the Carcases of 
the Victims of his Folly and Ambition, who perished on the 
plains of Russia and Saxony. His throat is encircled with the 
J'^ed Sea, in allusion to his Drowned Hosts. His Epaulette is a 
JIaiid, leading the Rhenish Confederation, under the flimsy 
Symbol of a Colm'eb. The Spider is an Emblem of the Vigilance 
of the Allies, who have inflicted on that Hand a deadly Sting 1 

'The Corsican Munchausen humming'' the Lads of 
Paris ' (Rowlandson, December 4, 181 3) shews Napoleon 
and his son on a stage, upon which is a throne, tottering, 
and an overthrown globe. The King of Rome is dressed 
in counterpart of his father, with long trailing sword, and 
using a stick as a cockJiorse. Napoleon is vapouring to 
the assembled audience : ' Did I not swear I would destro}- 
Austria ? Did I not swear I would destroys Prussia ? Did 
I not leave the Russians 1200 pieces of cannon to build a 
monument of the victor)- of ^^loscow ? Did I not lead 
498,000 men to gather fresh laurels in Russia. Did I not 
burn ^Moscow and lea\'c 400,000 brave soldiers to perish in 
the snow for the good of the l^^rench Nation .^ Did I not 
swear I would destroy S\\eden ? Did I not swear I would 
ha\'C Colonies and Commerce .'' Did I not build more 
ships than }'OU could find sailors for? Did I not burn all 
the British Produce bought, and paid for, b\- my faithful 
merchants, before their faces, for the good of them, and m}- 
gocKl people of Paris? Have I not called m)- troops from 
Holland, that the\- might not winter in that fogg}- Climate? 

' Deceiving. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 167 

Have I not called my troops from Spain, and Portugal, to 
the ruin of the English ? Did I not change my religion, 
and turn Turi<, for the good of the French Nation ? Have 
I not blown up the Corporal for blowing up the Bridge ? 
Have I not robbed the Churches of twenty flags to send to 
my Empress, for the loss of my own flags and Eagles ? 
And now, for the good of my Empire, Behold ! O ye 
Lads of Paris ! I have put the King of Rome in breeches! 

Rowlandson gives us ' Funcking ^ the Corsican ' (De- 
cember 6, 1813). A representation of all the crowned 
heads of Europe, each of whom is smoking a pipe very 
vigorously, uniting in tormenting Bonaparte with their 
tobacco smoke. The little Corsican, who is on the top of 
a cask of ' Real Hollands Geneva,' is dancing with rage, 
and yells out : ' Oh you base Traitors and Deserters, 
Eleven Hundred Thousand Lads of Paris shall roast every 
one of }^ou as soon as they can catch you ! ' In his ex- 
citement he has split the head of the cask, and there seems 
every probability of his disappearing. ' The fly that sips, 
is lost in the sweet.' 

' The Mock Phoenix ! ! ! or a \'ain attempt to rise again ' 
is b\' Rowlandson (December 10, 181 3). Napoleon is in a 
furnace, which is being diligently stoked and blown by 
Russia and Holland. Serpents come from the mouth of 
the furnace, and the soots, the products of combustion, 
take the form of fiends — Napoleon is partially consumed, 
and his crown is in a blaze. 

' l^Viends or h'ocs — Up he goes — Sending the Corsican 
Munchausen to St. Clouds ' is b\- Rowlandson (December 
12, i<Si3), and shows the whole of the sovereigns of Europe 
combining to toss Napoleon in a blanket. 

A most amusing caricature by Rowlandson (December 
14, i8i3_) is ' Pcjlitical Chemists and German Retorts, or 

' ' Funkinij' is sni-jkiiicr, or causiiv' a threat smell. 



i68 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

dissolving the Rhenish confederacy,' John Bull naturally 
finds coal for a ' German Stove/ the fire in which a Dutch- 
man blows with a pair of bellows. All the sovereigns of 
Europe stand round, enjoying Boney's discomfiture. The 
Emperor, who is vainly appealing to them, ' Oh spare me 
till the King of Rome is ripe for mischief yet to come,' is 
being put into a glass receiver, and is about to be covered 
up. Bernadotte is pouring in a bottle of sulphate of 
Swedish iron, and the Pope is hurrying forward with two 
bottles, one of fulminating powder, the other a vial of 
wrath. The products being distilled from him are Intrigue 
and Villainy, Ambition and Folly, Gasconade and Lies, Fire 
and Sword, Arrogance and Atrocity, Murder and Plunder. 
A Spaniard is pounding at a mortar inscribed ' Saragossa.' 
In 'Town Talk' (December i, 1813) is published 
' Gasconading— alias the Runaway Emperor Humbugging 
the Senate. 

Some are Short and some are Tall, 

But it's very well known that he hums them all. 

And then sings fal de ral tit.' 

Napoleon crowned, and en grande teniie, stands before the 
throne, pointing to some trophies borne by soldiers, and 
thus addresses the Senate : ' Senators ! the glorious suc- 
cess of our Arms has forced me to give way to the impulse 
of quitting the field of honour, that I might have the satis- 
faction of presenting to my faithful Senate the glorious 
trophies of our Victories. Senators ! your restless, envious 
enemies shall be humbled to the dust ; your Emperor wills 
it so ; this Arrogant Confederacy shall be punished for 
their temerity, and our brave Soldiers shall repose in peace. 
Senators ! for this purpose I shall require the small sum of 
250,000,000, a sum the flourishing state of our finance 
will easily produce, and, to replace the vacancy made in 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 169 

my Army, 500,000 (men) from the conscription of 4 years 
to come will be all that I demand. Frenchmen, the Will 
of your Emperor, and the glory of the great Nation, re- 
quires it.' The Devil, peeping round from behind the 
throne, applauds : 'That's right my Boy. Humbug them 
out of another conscription to send me, before you come 
yourself.' 

One Senator, as spokesman, thus addresses Napoleon : 
' Great Emperor of the Great Nation, the Senate devotes the 
lives and property of the People to your service.' l^ut this 
does not appear to be the universal consensus of opinion ; 
for one grumbles, ' C'est dire un peu trop, cela ! ' Another 
asks : ' What has he done with the last Grand Army, that 
he wants so many again ? ' and one replies : ' They are 
gone to see how their friends in Russia do.' Another 
doubts the authenticity of the trophies : ' Why ! these 
trophies belong to our Allies, c'est drole cela ! ' 

On December 12, 1813, George Cruikshank published 
' Bleeding and Warm Water ! or the Allied Doctors bring- 
ing Boney to his Senses.' Here poor Boney is in very 
evil case. With shaven head, and in an ' Allied strait 
waistcoat ' (one sleeve of which is held b\' Russia, the 
other by Poland), he is seated on the stool of Repentance 
in a tub of hot water, consisting of a ' sea of troubles,' 
which is warmed by the flames of Moscow. He is sur- 
rounded by all the P2uropcan sovereigns as doctors, each 
C)f whom prescribes his own remedy. Russia gi\'cs, as his 
opinion : ' 1 have found a constant applicaticjn of this 
Russian Knoitt to work wonders !! ' John Bull is giving 
him a fearful bolus, ' Inwasion of P^-ancc,' sa)-ing at tlic 
same time, 'Work a\\'ay my Masters, I'll pay \-ou \-()ur_/Ir.v. 
A}-, a)-, ra\-e and rant, Master Bonc\', but the Dc\'il will 
1)0)10 y<i)\\ at last.' HoHand is tr}'ing ' what Putch drops 
will do,' by cmjjtying out of a huge cannon a legion of 



170 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

armed Dutchmen on his shaven head. Poland bleeds him 
by stabbing his arm with a lance, and Prussia catches the 
blood in a ' Crown bowl,' congratulating himself, ' I think 
my Croivn Razors have shaved his Crozvn pretty close.' 
Spain is applying a plaster to his back : ' Here is a Planter 
of Spanish flies for him.' Poor Boney, one of whose legs 
is in the hot water, resists this treatment as far as possible, 
and yells out, ' Hence with your Medicines — they but drive 
me Mad. Curse on your Dutch Drops, your Leipsig Blister, 
and }-our Spa)iish flies ; they have fretted me to what I 
am. D — n your Cossack Lancets, they have drained my 
veins, and rendered me poor and vulnerable indeed — Oh ! 
how I am fallen — But I will still struggle — I will still 
be great — Myriads of Frenchmen still shall uphold the 
glory of my name, the grandeur of my Throne, and write 
my disgrace in the hearts of ye — ye wretched creatures of 
English gold.' 

' The Head of the Great Nation in a Queer Situation,' 
by G. Cruikshank (December 1813), shows frightened 
Bonaparte, his magic wand broken, surrounded by his 
enemies. Wellington points a huge blunderbuss at him, 
telling the others to ' Take a good aim at the Head, 
gentlemen, and we shall soon settle the business.' Austria, 
Prussia, and Russia all point pistols at his head. Prussia 
thinks that 'by Gar, we shall make de Head look like de 
Plumb Pudding ;' and Russia says, ' Til rattle a few Snow 
balls at his Cranium.' Holland has a cannon which he is 
filling with bales of Orange Boven, saying, FU deal out 
my oranges to him wholesale.' P"rom the heavens, the 
hand of Justice is putting the 'Allied Extinguisher' upon 
him. This picture is copied bodily from a P^'ench carica- 
ture, ' Lc Chef de la Grande Nation dans une tristc posi- 
tion.' 

On December 25, 181 3, was published one of Rowland- 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 171 

son's caricatures called the ' Mock Auction — or Boncy 
selling Stolen Goods.' There is an announcement that 
' speedily will be sold the 13 cantons of Switzerland,' and, 
among the property he has for sale, are the Papal Tiara, and 
several crowns, a lot of useless eagles, the kingdom of 
Bavaria, twenty flags the property of the Empress, the 
kingdom of Prussia, Saxony, kingdom of Westphalia, and 
the United Provinces. Some P'^rench officers are among 
the audience, which includes the crowned heads of Europe. 
The crown of Spain is on sale, and is lifted upon high for 
inspection. Spain jeeringly asks : ' That a Crown ? It's 
not worth half a crowai.' Napoleon, seeing no chance of 
selling it, says : ' What ! no bidding for the Crown of 
Spain. Then take the other crowns and lump them into 
one lot.' Maria Louisa carries the King of Rome, who is 
like a little monkey, and who exclaims : ' I suppose daddy 
will put us up for sale.' 



172 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER LIII. 

l'HOMME rouge — XAPOLEO.n"S SUrEKSTITION. 

This ends the caricatures for the \-ear 1813, at the close 
of which Napoleon was in Paris. Wellington and Soult 
were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great 
advantage of the former. One after another did the P"'rench 
garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona 
alone remained to the P^^ench. His troops, shut up in 
garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, 
from hardships and sickness. St. Cyr abandoned Dresden, 
and all the garrison were made prisoners of war. Stettin 
surrendered, and the Dutch revolted ; whilst at home the 
life-blood of the nation was being drained by a new con- 
scription of 300,000 men, and the taxes were increased by 
one half 

And here, as well as at any other place, I ma\- intro- 
duce Napoleon's familiar spirit, 'rilommc Rouge' The 
belief in 'the red man,' in connection with the h^mperor, 
was very widely spread ; but details of his personal appear- 
ance, and the times of his visits, are rarely to be met with, 
and are invariably contrt'.dictor\'. Napoleon's success had 
been so marvellous, that it is easily to be imagined it was 
popularl}' ascribed to supernatural agcnc)-. 

In a small and ver}- rare 1^'rench book,' is an account of 
' The little red a)id green men, or t/tegenins of Evil tnunipJiiiig 

' lUionatartiana, cii Ciuix a Aiitwktc: curicti.ts. Pari.-, 1S14. 



OlY NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 173 

over the genius of Good. Many persons, astonished at the 
success of Buonaparte in all which he undertook, asked by 
what tutelary divinity he was protected ? 

' Some said, It is Europe which is being destroyed by 
itself, an effect natural to every country, over- populated, 
and too flourishing — Was it not thus with Egypt, Greece, 
Judca, and Rome ? Others, less philosophic, but easier 
given to conjecture, said. When he was in Egypt he 
several times absented himself from his staff. — Somebody 
generally came to him before he fought a battle, or under- 
took any enterprise. 

' He frequently repeated, God has given vie the strength 
and the ivill to overcome all obstacles. There was something 
supernatural .... and thenceforth endless questions were 
asked of those who were with him in the Egyptian expedi- 
tion. At length, by dint of research, a part of the truth was 
discovered, which is as follows : — 

' On the eve of the battle of the Pyramids, Buonaparte, 
at the council which was held in the morning, formally 
opposed the proposition to give battle. In the afternoon 
of that day, having gone, with some of the officers of his 
suite, to make a reconnaissance, and having approached 
one of the monuments of the pride of the Pharaohs,' he 
suddenl)- saw, coming out from it, a little man clothed in a 
long red robe, his head being adorned with a pointed cap 
of the same colour, after the manner of the priests of Isis, 
or the Chaldean sages, known under the name of Magi, 
lie carried a little ring in his hand. 

' This mysterious man only said these words to him : 
"Approach, young man, and learn the high destinies to 
which }-ou are called, if >'OU A\ish to be prudent and wise.'' 

' Immediately, Buonaparte, as if he had been drawn by a 
supernatural force, descended from his horse, and followed 

' One of the pyramids. 



174 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

him into the interior of the pyramid, where he remained 
more than an hour. 

' The officers of his suite, at first, paid little attention to 
this rencontre, taking the red man to be one of those char- 
latans, with which the world abounds, to the detriment of 
science and real knowledge ; they were even astonished 
that their general, to whom they accorded so much merit, 
lost precious time in interviewing a wretched cheat ; but, 
when they saw Buonaparte come out, all radiant with joy, 
saying to them, " Friends, let us give battle ; we shall con- 
quer ! " and when they saw, that in spite of the inferiority 
of their forces, they should gain the most complete victory, 
they could only think of the red man. Is he a God ? Is he 
a Genius ? That was what they asked. 

' Thenceforth the French, in Egypt, only marched from 
victory to victory, until the departure of Napoleon for 
France. 

' We believe that all the deeds with which the red man 
has been credited are only fables which conjecturors have 
invented ; but, at least, in him they discover the emblem 
of a good Genius, who pointed out to Buonaparte what he 
ought to do to assure at least the love and gratitude of the 
people. But an evil Genius, whom they suppose to have 
been clothed in green, appeared to him at St. Cloud, at the 
time of the i8th Brumaire, and gave him counsels, which 
prevailed, for the misfortune of the world, over those of tJie 
red man, and led him to his ruin.' 

Balzac, in a delicious booklet,' in which an old soldier 
gives the history of his beloved Emperor, makes him say, 
' There is one thing which it would be unjust, if I did not 
tell you : In Egypt, in the Desert, near Syria, The Red 
Man appeared to him, in the mountain of Moses, to tell 
him, "All went well." 

' Ilistoirc dc f Enipcrctir, raco'itcc dans itne Grange par un z'/cux Svldaf. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 175 

' Then at Marengo, on the evening of the Victory, he 
saw, standing before him, the Red Man, who said to him : 

' " Thou shalt see the world at thy feet, and thou shalt 
be Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Master of Holland, 
Sovereign of Spain, Portugal, the Illyrian Provinces, Pro- 
tector of Germany, Saviour of Poland, First Eagle of the 
Legion of Plonour." 

' This Red Man, do you see, was his idea, his own : a 
kind of lackey, who helped him, as many say, to communi- 
cate with his star. I, myself, have never believed that but 
the Red Man is a veritable fact, and Napoleon has spoken 
of him himself, and has said that he visits him in troublous 
moments, and that he stays at the palace of the Tuilcries, 
in the upper apartments. Then at his Coronation, Napo- 
leon saw him, in the evening, for the third time, and they 
were in deliberation about many things. Then the lun- 
peror went straight to Milan to crown himself King of 
Italy. ... 

' At length we found ourselves, one morning, encamped 
at Moskowa.' It was there that I gained the Cross, and I 
take the liberty of saying that it was a cursed battle ! The 
Emperor \\as uneasy : he had seen the Red Man, who said 
to him : 

' " My child, thou art going too fast, men will fail thee, 
and friends will betray thee." ' 

And the old soldier, almost at the end of his story, says, 
' The remainder is sufficiently well known. The Red Man 
passed over to the Pourbons, like a scoundrel, as he is. 
PTancc is crushed,' &c. 

It is needless to say that this legend was known in 
P^ngland, and was not lost sight of by the satirist. 

I'oor J>ona])artc, now, every day, 
Ijideavoured to be wondrous gay ; 

' JJorodino. 



671 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

To concerts, plays, and balls, he went, 

To hide, it seems, his discontent. 

Folks thought hostilities would cease. 

For gaiety 's a sign of peace. 

But soon, alas ! returned his gloom. 

And now our hero kept his room. 

One day he wish'd to be alone. 

And said he was at home to none, 

When suddenly there came a knock. 

Which dealt around a dreadful shock — 

His counsellor of State, 'tis said. 

Saw a tall man dressed all in red ! 

' Your business, Sir ?' — ' A secret that — 

I must see Bonaparte, that's flat ' — 

' He's not at home,' was the reply. 

The red man answer'd — ' that's a lie ! ' 

The Counsellor to Boney ran. 

Apprising Nap of this red man — 

How very great the Emp'ror's dread — 

' Art sure ? and was he dress'd in red ?' 

Affecting then a kind of grin — 

'No matter — shew the red man in.' 

The red man, tho', as people say. 

Ne'er waited to be shewn the way. 

For in he bolted — and, Avhat's more. 

Immediately he clos'd the door — 

The Counsellor of State, so shock'd 

His car, then, at the keyhole cock'd. 

And tho' the red, tall, man he fear'd, 

This conversation he o'erheard — 

' Well, Emp'ror Boney — })ray how do you ? 

This is my third appearance to you, 

At h^.gypt once — next at Wagram — ■ 

You must remember who I am.' 

' Yes, I remcml)er, but wliat is it 

Has now induced this sudden visit ? ' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



177 



* What is it ! Nap, how can you ask ? 
Have you accomplish'd, pray, your task ? 
Four years, I for that purpose granted, 
It was the very time you wanted ; 
And then I said — and say it now — 
No longer time wou'd I allow ; 
'Twas quite sufficient, as you said. 
And solemnly a vow you made, 
That either Europe you'd subdue, 
Or peace shou'd in that time ensue ; 
I told you, if I tricks foresaw, 
That my protection I'd withdraw. 
And therefore am I come again 
To tell you but three months remain ; 
If Europe then, you have not got, 
Or peace confirm'd — you'll go to pot.\ 
Our hero seem'd quite panic struck, 
'Alas ! ' said he, ' I've had no luck — 





NAI'Ol.F.ON AND THE RED MAX. 



I can't in tliree months undertake 
An honourable })eace U) make — 
A longer ])eriod, therefore, fix, 
1 ,et the tlu'ee months, I pray, be six.' 
' It cannot be — I'll grant no more ' — ■ 
Nap followed him unto the door — 



VOL. II. 



178 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

' Five months, I'm sure, you may allow ' — 

' I won't — mark well your sacred vow, 

One or the other you must do — 

Or else, depend on it you'll rue.' 

' Then ^xdociX. foicr months.' — ' It cannot be — 

Conquer, or be at peace, in three — 

Such was the task you undertook ' — 

Then giving a contemptuous look, 

' Three months — no longer — so good-bye ' — 

He said — nor waited a reply. 

With indignation Boney burn'd. 

While to his cab'net he return'd— 

And there, as many people say. 

He sullenly remain'd all day. 

The English gave Napoleon the character of being very 
superstitious, and I believe, even now, ' Napoleon's Book of 
Fate,' and ' Napoleon's Dream Book,' are procurable. 

In 1795 it is said that Napoleon paid a visit to a 
sorcerer named Pierre le Clerc, and expressed some doubt 
of his power. ' You are wrong,' said the magician, ' to 
doubt my art. I know more than you probably imagine. 
There was a prophecy of a certain Count Cagliostro, 
uttered ten years ago, on the French Revolution, which was 
not then thought of This announced that a Corsican 
voted or elected by the people, would finish it, probably 
by a Dictatorship.' Napoleon left the old man, and, it is 
said, did not visit him again until the eve of the fateful 
1 8 th Brum aire. 

The seer gave him a number of cards, on each of which 
he was to write one letter of the question he wanted to 
ask, which was : ' What will become of the Corsican Napo- 
leon Bonaparte, general, on account of the Coicp d' Etat 
risked by him, at Paris, the i8th Brumaire, 1799?' These 
cards were well mixed and handed to the conjurer, who, 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 179 

after some manipulation, settled on thirteen cards, having 
the letters B, O, P, P, I, A, I, B, I, P, A, U, F, each of 
which letters he interpreted as the commencement of a 
Latin word ; and, on this basis, he constructed the following 
sentence : ' Bis Oriens, Populi Princeps, In Altum Incedit ; 
Bis Incidit ; Per Anglos Ultima Fata,' — or. He rises twice 
Prince of the People, and hovers over the heights ; twice 
he falls ; his last fatality will come from the English. 

Napoleon then took fresh cards, and wrote : ' Josephine 
Marie Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie, wife of the General 
Napoleon Bonaparte.' Of these Pierre le Clcrc selected 
three letters, H, E, A, which he interpreted as ' Hcrois 
Extinccus x\mor,' — or. Love extinguishes itself in the heart 
of a hero. 

There was a curious article in the ' Frankfurter Journal ' 
of September 21, 1870, on the influence of the letter M on 
the life of Napoleon : ' Marbeuf was the first to recognise 
the genius of Napoleon at the Military College. IMarcngo 
was the first great battle won by General Bonaparte, and 
]\Iclas made room for him in Ital\-. Mortier was one of 
his best generals, Moreau betrayed him, and Marat was the 
first martyr to his cause. ^Laria Louisa shared his highest 
fortunes ; Moscow vras the ab}'ss of ruin into which he fell. 
IMcttcrnich \-anquished him in the field of diplomacy. Six 
marshals (Massena, Alorticr, Marmont, IMacdonaUl, Murat, 
IMoncey) and twent\^-s!x generals of di\-ision under Napo- 
leon had the letter IM for their initial. [Marat, Duke ot 
])assano, was his most trusted counsellor. His first battle 
was that of Montenottc, his last Mont St. Jean, as the 
French term Waterloo. He won the battles of Millcsimo, 
Mondovi, I\Iontmirail, and Montercau ; then came the 
storming of Montmartre. Milan was the first cnem}-'s 
capital, and Moscow the last, intf) which he entered vic- 
torious. He lost I'[g}'pt through Menou, and emplijycd 

N 2 



i8o ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Miellisto take Pius VII. prisoner. Mallet conspired against 
him ; Murat was the first to desert him, then Marmont. 
Three of his ministers were Maret, Montalivet, and Mallieu ; 
his first chamberlain was Montesquieu. His last halting 
place in France was Malmaison. He surrendered to Cap- 
tain ]\Iaitland of the Bellej'opJion, and his companions at St. 
Helena were Montholon and his valet Marchand.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



CHAPTER LIV. 

NAPOLEON" AGAIN TAKES THE FIELD — HIS DEFEATS — THE ALLIES AT 
PARIS — NAPOLEON ABDICATES — HIS ATTEMPT TO POISON HIMSELF. 

Ox January i, 1814, Rowlandson published 'The double 
humbug, or the Devil's Imp praying for peace,' a picture in 
two parts. One represents Napoleon addressing the Senate 
from his throne, which stands on divers crowns : his friend, 
the Devil, being perched a-top, A soporific effect among 
his audience seems to be the outcome of his address, which 
is as follows : ' Extracts of Boiiyparty s Speech, Sunday, 
19 December, 181 3. Senators, Counsellors of State, Depu- 
ties from the Department to the Legislative Body. Splen- 
did Victories have raised the Glory of the French Arms, 
during the Campaign. In these weighty circumstances, it 
was my first thought to call you around me. I have never 
been seduced by prosperit)'. I have conceived and exe- 
cuted great designs for the Prosperity and the happiness of 
the world, as a monarch and a father. I feel that Peace 
adds to the security of Thrones and that of Families. I 
have accepted proposals, and the preliminaries. It is ne- 
cessary to recruit my armies by numerous Levies, and an 

increase of Taxes becomes indispensable 1 am .satisfied 

with the sentiment of my people of Italy, Denmark, Naples, 
America, and the nineteen Swiss cantons ; and have ac- 
knowledged the laws which luigland has, in vain, sought, 
during four centuries, to impose on P'rance — I have ordered 
discharges of Artillery on my coming and leaving you.' 



i82 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

The other portion of the picture shows the powers of 
Europe, before whom Napoleon kneels, surrendering 
colours and crowns ; all, save one of the latter (the French 
crown), and this he tucks under his arm. His deportment 
is abject, as is his speech : ' Gentlemen, Emperors, Kings, 
Rhenish Confederations, Sec, &c., Sec. Behold unto you a 
fallen Impostor, who has for many years been drunk, and 
intoxicated, with Ambition, Arrogance, and Insolence, who 
has foolishly and wickedly lost within a twelve Months, a 
IMillion of brave but deluded Frenchmen. Who has con- 
ceived the great and diabolical design of enslaving the 
world, and has lost all his friends except Yankee Maddi- 
son. Now, Gentlemen, to make amends for my sins, I solicit 
\-our pardon, and ask for Peace, on your own Terms, Gentle- 
men, and I will strictly adhere to all ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ You 
may take all those Crowns back again, except the one be- 
longing to the Bourbons. JMy Empress sends you also back 
the 20 flags I found in some of the Churches, in the course 
of my flight from Leipsig. As for the story. Gentlemen, 
of the Corporal and the blowing up the bridge, you must 
know 'twas a mere Humbug to gull the Lads of Paris.' 
Tallc}-rand also assures the crowned heads, that 'What my 
Master has said is true, so help me G — d. Amen.' 

On January 21, 1814, Napoleon once more set out from 
Paris at the head of an arm}-, and in this month he fought 
at Saint-Dizier, Bricnne, Champ-Aubert, ]\Iontmirail, 
Chatcau-Thicrry-Nangis, and ]Montcrcau, but then the 
J^'rcnch arms were almost ever)-whcre defeated. People 
could discern the beginning of the end. Meanwhile the 
caricaturist was bus\-. 

' The Devil's Darling ' is another b\' Rowlandson 
(March 12, 1814) ; but it possesses no merit, except the 
very excellent likenes.^ of Napoleon. He is in swaddling 
clothes, and being dandled by the arch-fiend. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



183 



Wm. Elmes (the 'W. E.' of occasional caricatures) drew 
(March 21, 1814) 'John Bull bringing Boney's nose to the 




THE DEVILS DARLING. 



Grindstone ' ; but it is not a new subject, as there is a 
contemporary caricature of the Scots bringing Charles the 
Second's nose to the grindstone. Russia is turning the stone 
— the allied Powers looking on — and John Bull, who is per- 
forming the operation, says : ' Aye, Aye, Master Boney, I 
thought I should bring you to it one of these days. You 
have carried on the trade of grinding long enough, to the 
annoyance of your oppressed neighbours — One good turn 
deserves another — Give him a Turn brother Alexander — 
and let us sec how he likes a taste.' 

' The Allied Bakers, or the Corsican Toad in the hole ' 
('.\j)ril I, 1814^, is taken bodily from a h^rcnch caricature, 



1 84 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

' Le Tour des Allies, ou le Corse pres a etre cuit,' although 
it bears on it ' G. H. iirJ Cruickshank fecit' The King of 
Prussia, Woronzow, and Bliicher have a baker's peel, on 
which is a dish containing Eoney, screaming, ' ]Murder, 
Murder,' as he is being put into the Allied Oven, Holland 
sits on the floor blowing the fire. A Frenchman, whose 
fickleness is shown by the weather-cock on his hat, is 
opening the oven door for his former master's destruction, 
saying : ' This door sticks ! I don't think I shall get it 
open ! ' Blucher shouts, ' Pull away Frank,' you keep us 
waiting.' Woronzow says, 'In with it, Blucher,' and the 
King of Prussia's opinion is, ' I tell you what, Woronzow, 
the Minges want a little Russia Oil.' Wellington, who is 
bearing a tray on which is a Soult pie and a Bordeaux pie, 
shouts out, ' Shove altogether, Gentlemen ! D — n me, 
shove door and all in.' 

Meanwhile, the allied Austrian, Russian, and Prussian 
troops had marched on to Paris, and, having defeated 
iMarmont, March 30, 18 14, the city was virtually at their 
mercy. Maria Louisa and the young King of Rome left 
Paris on March 29, and on the 31st the city capitulated, 
and the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia 
entered the city with the allied armies. The Emperor of 
Austria did not join them, probably out of deference to 
his paternal feelings. The 'Times' of April 6, 1S14, thus 
gives the news of the capitulation : — ' Babylon the great is 
fallen ! Paris, the proud cit}', the city of philosophy, has 
bowed her neck to the Conqueror.' 

' Boney forsaken by his Guardian Angel ' (April 3, 
1814) shows the Emperor kneeling, one crown already 
having been taken from him by the arch-fiend, who now is 
taking another from off his head. The flames of hell are 

' In tlie French original it is ' Tircz done, Francais, 7'ous nous faitcs 
attcndyL '. ' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST, 185 

prominent in the distance. Bonaparte implores — ' My 
Guardian Angel, my Protector, do not desert me in the 
hour of Danger.' But the Devil, exultant, says, ' Poh ! 
Poh ! you cannot expect to reign for ever ; besides I want 
you at home, to teach some of the young Imps wicked- 
ness.' 

On April 3 the fickle French destroyed their idol, for 
the Provisional Government declared Napoleon deposed, 
and his dynasty abolished. 

On April 5 Bonaparte formally abdicated the throne of 
France ; and, when we consider how long he had troubled 
the peace of this country, we can pardon the almost brutal 
exultation of the ' Times ' of April 1 1 : — ■ 

' The most hateful of Tyrants has finished by proving 
himself the most infamous of cowards. 

' Two Extraordinary Gazettes were published on Satur- 
day ; the latter of which contained BUONAPARTE'S renun- 
ciation of sovereignty, in the following terms : — 

The Allied Powers having proclaimed that the Emperor Napo- 
LEOX was the only obstacle to the re-establishment of the peace 
of Europe, the Emperor Napoleon, faWifid to his oat/i, declares 
that he renounces for himself and his heirs, the Thrones of PVance 
and Italy ; and that there is no personal sacrifice^ even that of his 
life, which he is not ready to make in the interest of France. 

Done at the Palace of I-"ontuinebleau the — April, 1S14. 

' Thus has the last act of this wretch's public life been 
marked by the same loathsome hypocrisy which charac- 
terised him throughout his guilty career. When he has 
been solemnly deposed by his own confederates ; when the 
execrations of all France, and of all Europe, arc ringing in 
his ears ; when his last army is deserting him b\' thou- 
sands, and an overwhelming ftjrcc of the Allies is approach- 
ing, to drag him to a shameful death, if he refuses the 



i86 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

proffer'd mercy — then, forsooth, his forced submission is a 
voluntary sacrifice, he is actuated by a principle of public 
spirit, he feels a religious regard for his oath ! ! ! 

' We did not think to have troubled our heads what 
should become of him, or his worthless carcase — whether 
he should crawl about upon the face of that earth, which 
he had so long desolated ; or end a miserable existence by 
his own desperate hand ; or be helped out of the world by 
the guillotine, the halter, or the coup de grace. Certainly, 
if we had to choose the finest moral lesson for after ages, 
we could not have preferred any to that, which should at 
once expose the selfishness, the baseness, and the cowardice 
of a vainglorious mortal, whom adulation has raised almost 
to divine honours. And, as to any danger from his life — 
why, Jerry Sneak was a hero to him. Twice before, had 
he run away from the field of battle — but that, in the 
opinions of his besotted admirers, was profound imperial 
policy. 

' When he first attempted to act Cromwell, unlike 
the tough old Puritan, he had nearly fainted ; but this was 
a transient qualm, that " overcame him like a summer's 
cloud ; " and, besides. 

Men may tremble, and look paler, 
From too much, or too little valour. 

' The abandonment of his throne was an act of undis- 
guised, deliberate cowardice, not altogether unanticipated 
by us ; for it will be remembered that some months ago, 
in comparing the terms offered to him by the Allies, with 
FliLeUen's offer of the leek to ancient Pistol, we said, that 
though he might vow " most horrible revenge," he would 
cat the leek. We had not then any reason to believe that 
he would be required to yield up crown and all ; but now 
that circumstances have led to such a point, his conduct 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



187 



ill respect to it occasions us no surprise. That which 
displeases us, however, is, that in the very document which 
ought to have contained nothing more than his subscrip- 
tion to his own disgrace, he has been allowed to lay claim 
to something like honour — to shuffle in a lying pretence to 
virtue. This was not a time to indulge his vanity. The 
record of his punishment ought rather to have referred to 
real crimes than to fictitious merits.' 

The illuminations on this occasion were very splendid— 
but perhaps the best of them all, as illustrating the popular 
feeling, was one which was simply ' Thank God.' 

The following caricature must have been published 
before the news of the abdication reached England. 

' Blucher the Brave extractiner the trroan of abdication 




from the Corsican Bloodhound ' is by Ro\\-landson (April 
9, 1 8 14). The Prussian general having stripped Bonaparte 
of his crown and uniform, S:c., is administcrir.g to him a 
sound shaking, whilst Louis the I'j'ghtccntli is being wel- 
comed b\- Ta]lc}'rand and the whole French nation. 

* l"hc Corsican Shuttlecock, or a pretty Pla)-thing for 
the Allies' (April 10, 18 14), is b\- G. Cruikshank. Napo- 



1 88 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

leon is the shuttlecock, which is kept in the air by 
Schvvartzenberg and Blucher. The former has just sent 
him to his comrade with — ' There he goes ! ! why Blucher ! 

this used to be rather a weighty plaything ; but d me if 

it isn't as light as a feather now.' Blucher replies, * Bravo 
Schwartzenberg, keep the game alive ! send him this way, 

and d him, I'll drive him back again.' 

'Europe,' by Timothy Lash 'em (April ii, 1814), gives 
us a pyramid formed by all the States of that Continent. 
It is surrounded by clouds, from whence issue the heads of 
Napoleon's victims — ' Wright, Georges, Pichegru, Morcau, 
Palm, and Hofer ' — and on the summit of the pyramid, 
planting the Bourbon flag, is the ghost of the Due d'En- 
ghien, who hurls Napoleon into hell, where Robespierre and 
Marat are awaiting him. 

His operations Nap pursued, 
And frequently the troops reviewed. 
One day, the first of April too, 
Boney attended the review. 
He thought the soldiers still his own, 
Tho' well the contrary was known. 
Some of the Generals, 'ris said, 
The Paris newspapers had read, 
And of the news, before the crowd, 
They talk'd together very loud. 
Our hero still retained his cheer, 
For he pretended not to hear. 
As soon as the review was done. 
Brave Marshal Xey (to have some fun. 
And let him know his fital doom). 
Followed poor Boney to his room. — 
' In Paris there's a revolution — ■ 
You've heard of the new constitution.' 
Nap, seeming not to understand, 
Ncy clapp'd the paper in his hand ; 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



189 



He read, with evident attention, 
'Twas gaining time tho' for invention. 
Alas, poor Nap ! 'tis as he feared — 
And hke fall'n Wolsey he appear'd. 
Exactly the same scene indeed — 
There is tJiat paper for y oil — read : 
Theri ivith what appetite you can — 
6^1?, eat your breakfast^ my good ma?i. 
Nap, spite of all, was very cool, 
Tho' certainly an April fool : 
But great indeed was his vexation. 
When bade to sign his abdication ; 
He looked aghast, he sigh'd, and tremblea 
Before the Generals all assembled — 
Twas hard on Boney, we must own. 
Thus to renounce his crown and throne. 
How could he help it ? for — oh Lord ! 
There was a Cossack with a sword ! 
To add to brave Napoleon's dread, 
There was a pistol at his head ! 




yfV;- 






NArOI.KON SI(;M.\G his AliDICATION. 



So very furious look'd the men, 
Poor Xap could scarcely hold die i)en. 
And wlicn he did, so great his fright, 
His name poor Xa]) could scarcely write ; 



190 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

At length, while he was sitting down, 
He sign'd — ' I abdicate my Crown.' 

The scene, however, was not quite as the poet makes it 
out, but it was bad enough, if we may credit Madame 
Junot : 'We have read of the revolutions of the seraglio: 
of those of the Lower Empire : of the assassinations of 
Russia ; we have seen the blood-stained crowns of India 
given to vile eunuchs ; but nothing in the pages of his- 
tory presents any parallel to what passed at Fontaine- 
bleau during the days, and above all the nights, passed 
there by the hero, abandoned by fortune, and surrounded 
by those whom he supposed to be his friends. A thick 
veil was drawn over the event, for the principal actors in it 
carefully concealed their baseness from the eye of the 
world. Few persons are aware that Napoleon was doomed 
to death during the few days which preceded his abdication, 
by a band of conspirators composed of the most dis- 
tinguished chiefs of the army. 

' " But," said one of them in the council in which these 
demons discussed their atrocious project, " what are we to 
do with him t There are two or three among us, who, like 
Antony,^ would exhibit their blood stained robes to the 
people, and make us play the part of Cassius and Brutus. 
I have no wish to see my house burned, and to be sent 
into exile." '' Well," said another, " we must leave no 
trace of him. He must be sent to heaven like Romulus." 
The others applauded, and then a most horrible discussion 
commenced. It is not in my power to relate the details. 
Suffice it to say that the Emperor's death was proposed 
and discussed for the space of an hour, with a degree of 
coolness which might be expected among Indian savages 
armed with tomahawks. " But," said he who had spoken 

' The\' alluded to tlic Duke of Bassano, Caulaincourt, Bcrtrancl, and some 
others. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 191 

first, "we must come to some determination. The Em- 
peror of Russia is impatient. The month of April is 
advancing, and nothing has been done. Now, for the last 
time, we will speak to him of his abdication. He must 

sign it definitely — or " A horrible gesture followed the 

last word. 

' Yes, the life of Napoleon was threatened by those 
very men whom he had loaded with wealth, honours, and 
favours ; to whom he had given lustre from this reflection 
of his own glory. Napoleon was warned of the conspiracy, 
and it must have been the most agonising event of his 
whole life. The torments of St. Helena were nothing in 
comparison with what he must have suffered when a pen 
was presented to him by a man who presumed to say, 
" Sign — if you wish to live." If these last words were not 
articulated, the look, the gesture, the inflection of the voice, 
expressed more than the tongue could have uttered.' 

How these rats left the falling house ! — Berthier, with a 
lie on his lips, promising to return, yet knowing full well he 
never meant to ; Constant, his valet, running away with 
100,000 francs, and burying them in the forest of Fontaine- 
bleau ; and Rustan, the faithful Mameluke, running away 
to Paris. Is it not a sickening sight to sec these pitiful 
rogues deserting their master .^ 

On April 1 1 the treaty of abdication was signed by the 
allies, and by it Napoleon was to keep his title of Emperor, 
and have the sovereignty of the Island of Elba, where, 
however, he must permanently reside. He was guaranteed 
a revenue of 6,coo,ooo francs. Josephine and the other 
members of the lunperor's family were to have 2,oco,ooo 
francs divided amongst them ; and ]\Iaria Louisa and the 
King of Rome were to have the Duchies of Parma, 
Placcntia, and Guastalla. 

Jkit, when all was finished, he felt his p(jsit.ion too hard 



192 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

to bear. He would have recalled his abdication — but it was 
too late. Torn from his high estate, separated from his 
wife and child, deserted by the creatures of his bounty, life 
was not worth living for ; existence was wretched, and he 
tried to put an end to it by poison on the night of April 
12. Baron Fain, in 'The Manuscript of 1814,' gives a 
good account of this occurrence, but not nearly as graphic 
as does Madame Junot : — 

' Throughout the day his conversation turned on sub- 
jects of the most gloomy kind, and he dwelt much on 
suicide. He spoke so frequently on the subject, that 
Marchand,^ his first valet de cJianibrc, and Constant were 
struck with it. They consulted together, and both, with 
common consent, removed from the Emperor's chamber 
an Arabian poniard, and the balls from his pistol-case. 
The Duke of Bassano had also remarked this continued 
allusion to suicide, notwithstanding his efforts to divert 
Napoleon's thoughts from it. The Duke spoke to ]\Iar- 
chand, after he had taken leave of the Emperor, previous 
to retiring to rest, and he expressed himself satisfied with 
the precautions which had been taken. The Duke had 
been in bed some time, when he was awoke b}' Constant, 
who came to him pale and trembling : " ]\Ionsicur Ic Due," 
he exclaimed, " come immediately to the Emperor. His 
Majesty has been taken very ill ! " The Duke of Bassano 
immediately hurried to the bedside of the Emperor, whom 
he found pale and cold as a marble statue. He had taken 
poison ! 

'When Xapolcon departed for his second campaign in 
Russia, Corvisart gave him some poison of so subtle a 
nature, that in a few minutes, even in a few seconds, it 
A\"ould produce death. This poison \\as the same as that 

' lie acCompanicil the Emperor lo Ellja. Loir^UiiU, a- wc lin\-e sccii, left 
liini. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 193 

treated of by Cabanis, and consisted of the prussic acid 
which has subsequently been ascertained to be so fatal in 
its effects. It was with this same poison that Condorcet 
terminated his existence. Napoleon constantly carried it 
about him. It was enclosed in a little bag hermetically 
sealed, and suspended round his neck. As he always wore 
a flannel waistcoat next his skin, the little bag had for a 
long time escaped the observation of Marchand, and he 
had forgotten it. Napoleon was confident in the efficacy 
of this poison, and regarded it as the means of being 
master of himself He swallowed it on the night above 
mentioned, after having put his affairs in order and written 
some letters. He liad tacitly bade farewell to the Duke of 
Bassano and some of his other friends, but without giving 
them cause for the slightest suspicion. 

' Theril 21, 18 14): 'Broken 
Gingerbread {G.H.iwJ — G. CriiiksJumk fed). Napoleon is 




i;ROKEx ginger];read. 

at Elba, in an extremely dilapidated condition ; a wretched 
thatched hut has on it a board painted, ' Tiddy Doll, 
Gingerbread baker. X.B. — Removed from Paris.' On his 
head he carries a tray of broken gingerbread, and calls out, 
' Buy my Images ! Here's my nice little gingerbread 
Emperors and Kings, retail and for exportation.' In the 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



background can be seen the coast of France, on which 
the people are rejoicing and dancing round a flag, ' Vivent 
les Bourbons ! ' 
El 
' The H e ll baronian Emperor going to take possession 

of his new Territory ' (April 23, 18 14), by G. H., engraved 
by G. Cruikshank. Here Napoleon, ragged and heavily 
fettered, is in an iron cage, which is drawn by a mounted 
Cossack. Others surround and guard him, and we can 
well understand the captive's ejaculatory' Oh — d — n these 
Cossacks.' 

'Nap dreading his doleful Doom or his grand entry 
into the Isle of Elba' (April 25, 1S14), represents the 
exiled Emperor at the moment of his landing. He has 
just been put ashore in a small boat, and his slender 




luggage, which is guarded by his solitary follower, a 
Mameluke, is deposited on the shore. With one hand in 
the breast of his coat, and the other thrust deep into his 
breeches pocket, suffering, too, from the impertinent inquisi- 
ti\eness of the natix'cs, it is no wonder that he appears 
downcast, and says, 'Ah, Woe is me, seeing what I have, and 



202 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

seeing what I see.' He is, however, tried to be comforted 
by a blowsy bumboat woman, who, offering him her long 
clay pipe, pats him on the back with ' Come cheer up my 
little Nicky, I'll be your Empress.' 

George Cruikshank (May i, 1 8 14) gives us 'Snuffing 




out Boney,' an operation which is being performed by a 
gigantic Cossack. 

Hardly a caricature, is a picture attributed to Rowland- 
son (May I, 1 8 14), in which is depicted Napoleon's throne 
overturned, together with his crown and sceptre. The 
Devil himself is clutching Napoleon, \\\\o is terrified at the 
hea\-cnly apparition of a hand holding a flaming sword, 
and the legend, ' Thou 'rt doom'd to Pain, at which the 
Damn'd will tremble, and take their own for Jo}'s.' This 
etching is called ' The T}'rant of the Continent is fallen. 
Iv.u'ope is free. li!ngland Rejoices. Empire mid ]^ictory 
be all forsaken ; To Plagues, Poverty, Disgrace, and Shame. 
Strip mc of all my Dignities and Crowns. Take, O Take 
}'our sceptres back. Spare me but life ! ' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 302 



CHAPTER LVI. 

NAPOLEON AT ELBA — HIS OCCITATIOXS WHILST THERE — FAITH IIROKEN 
WITH HIM — THE VIOLET — GENERAL REJOICINGS AT HIS EXILE. 

Ix the 'Satirist' of ]\lay i, 1814, is a picture by G. 
Cruikshank, called ' Otiinii aim dignitatc, or a view of 
Elba.' It is not a good one. Napoleon, ragged and 
stockingless, smoking a short clay pipe, is blowing up the 
fire with a pair of bellows. Bertrand is kissing a female, 
probably Pauline, on the sly, and Jerome Bonaparte is 
mending nets. 

c a 

' Bone}-'s Elbew Chair, a new Throne for a new Em- 
peror ; or an old sinner brought to the stool of repentance. 
A dialogue between one of his admirers & John Bull, on 
his being laid up with a cutaneous or skin disorder ' (G. 
Cruikshank, May 5, 18 14). Boney is in his rocky home 
raggedly dressed, with a fool's caj) on his head, and sitting 
on a close stool. He is surrounded with medicine-bottles 
and pots of brim-stone and itch salve, and he is scratching 
himself violcntl}-. Jolm Bull sa}-s : — 

'So ! }-our ])oor friend Naj) Boncy is kick'd from a throne, 

And must sit on a stoul close at ]:Llba alone' 

' He is not poor,' said Xic, 'he lias pot fat and grown flabh}'.' 

'lie has also,' said Jolui, 'got tlic Itch, or grown scabby. 

l-'(jr not even Iiis wife will consent to go nigh him, 

And all liis old Mamelukes flout and def\- him ; 

i'erhajjs thcju, in pit}-, will lift up his latch. 

Arid rub him witli JJrimstonc or helj) him to scratch. 



204 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



WHAT I WAS. 



WHAT I AM. 




A CRUEL TYRANT. A SNIVELLING WRETr'H. 

WHAT I OUGHT TO BE. 




HUNG rOR A FOOL. 



These tlirec iiictures arc all uii one plate, and are Ijy Rowlandson, pul> 
lished .May I, 1 8 14. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 205 

Pray go, and take with thee the birds of thy feather, 
And all catch the Itch, or grow scabby together.' 

' Needs mtist when Wellington Drives, or Louis's 
Return! !' (May 18 14) is a very badly drawn picture by 
Marks. Louis the Eighteenth, unable to walk, by reason 
of the gout, is being drawn along in a sort of Bath chair 
by Napoleon, and attended on cither side by Bliicher and 
Wellington. The latter is punishing poor Napoleon with 
a birch-rod, saying meanwhile, ' I desire, you will sing 
God save the King.' Bone}', with his handkerchief to his 
e}'cs, sa}'s, ' I'll be d — d if I do.' Bliicher is of opinion, 
' Vou'l be d — d whether you do or not.' 

A vcr\' commonplace caricature is ' The Tyrant, over- 
taken b}' Justice, is excluded from the world,' and it would 
not be noticed here did it not introduce us to a new artist, 
L. M. {J Lewis Marks). Napoleon, chained to his rock, 
disconsolately gazes at that world which he may not reach, 
the Devil meanwhile pointing the finger of scorn at him 
(May 1 8 14). 

In 'the departure of Apollo and the Muses — or Fare- 
well to Paris ' (May 1814), by I. Sidcbotham, we have the 
restitution of the art treasures, taken by Napoleon, to their 
different owners — a long string of waggons, filled with pic- 
tures, &c., are labelled Holland, Italy, Venice, Berlin, and 
Vienna. Louis the Eighteenth, at the Louvre, laments it, 
and says, ' Dear 7\alle\', persuade them to leave us a few of 
these prett)' things for my chambers, they will pacify the 
Dc[)utics, and amuse the people.' Talleyrand replies, 'I 
hax'c tried every sclieme to retain them, but it seems they 
have at last found us out, and are not to be humbug'd any 
longer.' Apollo and tlie Muses ha\-e moimted a fine gold 
car, which is drawn, not only by horses, but by the British 
Lion as well — the former being postilioned by Bliicher; 



2o6 



EXGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



the latter by the Duke of Wellington, who calls out, ' Go 
along, Blucher, let us haste to restore the stolen Goods.' 
Of his entry into Elba the poet thus sings : — 

On board th' Undaunted he embark'd — 

' A noble vessel,' he remark'd, 

And now the banish'd malefactor 

(So late a wild and busy actor), 

His entry into Elba made 

Upon the fourth of May. Tis said 

To see the wondrous little man 

Th' inhabitants all eacrer ran. 





THE INIIABITAXTS OF ELBA. 



XAP:)LEO.N LANDING AT ELIJA. 



A great blue coat our hero sported. 
And was most pomj^ously escorted ; 
Three fiddles and two fifes i)receded, 
For he some consolation needed ; 
Pity my fall became the strain 
^\'hich they struck up to sooth his pain ; 
' Oh change that doleful air,' he said. 
And therefore the musicians jilaycd, 
In hopes to comfort the poor elf. 
Go to tlic Dei/, arid sliake yourself. 
' Give me a horse,' he cried ; of course 
Nap was provided with a horse, 
And round the island quick he rode, 
\\'hich his wild disijosition shewed ; 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 207 

The little children, at his view, 
Cried out, ' Oh, there's a liug-a-boo ! ' 
Without a wife — without a mother,* 
Without a sister, or a brother, 
And even of a friend bereft, 
Poor Nap is to his conscience left. 

On June 4, 1814, was published (artist unknown) 'An 
Imperial vomit,' in which Bonaparte is disgorging the 
kingdoms he has swallowed up. The Prince Regent, be- 
hind' him, says, ' I think now my little fellow, you are 
pretty well clcar'd out, and I hope you will never give us 
the trouble to Prescribe or Proscribe any more.' 

' Drumming out of the French Army ! ! ! ' is the title of 
a picture published in June 18 14. Bllichcr has Bonaparte 
in a drum, which he carries before him, beating him alter- 
nately with a birch-rod and a drum-stick, Russia, Prussia, 
and Austria looking on. 

Lewis Marks produced, in June 1814, ' Boney and his 
new subjects at Elba.' The poverty-stricken condition to 
which the Emperor is reduced is too graphically portrayed, 
and his ragged army of four is very vividly illustrated. 
He thus addresses them : ' Gentlemen, my friends despise 
and d — n England, Russia, Prussia, Germany, and Sweden, 
and obey me — and I will make kings of you all.' 

Napoleon might well say that his ' territory was some- 
what small ; ' but, small as it was, his restless activity set to 
work to improve it. lie made roads where none had 
existed, canals and aqueducts, a lazaretto, and stations for 
tunny-fishing. Vinc}'ards were improved, and the little 
island was quite prosperous. Numerous visitors came to 
pay their respects to the Emperor, causing money to be 
spent ; vessels brought provisions, and took away what the 

' As a matter of fact, 1 oth f.is niotlicr, Madame Lclitia, ami his sister, 
I'auline went to Klba, soon after Lis arrival. 



208 



EXGUSH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



inhabitants had to export. Porto Ferrajo was gay and 
lively, its name being changed to Cosmopoli. A new flag 




BONEV AXD Ills NEW SUBJECTS AT EI.I'.A [SCJ fvcvioiis /agc). 

was manufactured, having a red bend dexter, charged with 
three bees on a white field, and Moorish pirates were very 
chary of touching vessels bearing this flag. In May Cam- 
brone brought out some volunteers of the old guard, and 
Napoleon exercised and inspected his little army. 

But these things cost money, and that was one of the 
things wanting to Napoleon. The conditions of the treaty 
with him were shamefully broken. Hear what he sa)\s 
himself about it : ' 'It was stipulated and agreed to, that 
all the members of my family should be allowed to follow 
me to Elba ; but, in violation of that, my wife and child 
were sei/xd, detained, and never permitted to join a hus- 
band and a father. They were also to have had the 
Duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guastalla, which the\' were 
deprived of By the treaty. Prince luigene was to have had 
a principality in Ital}', which was never given. My mother 

' A Voice fiom St. Helena. O'Meara. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 209 

and brothers were to receive pensions, which were also 
refused to them. My own private property, and the 
savings which I had made on the civil list, were to have 
been preserved for me. Instead of that, they were seized 
in the hands of Labouillerie the treasurer, contrary to the 
treaty, and all claims made by me rejected. The private 
property of my family was to be held sacred : it was con- 
fiscated. The dotations assigned to the army on the Mont 
Napoleon were to be preserved : they were suppressed ; 
nor were the hundred thousand francs which were to be 
given as pensions to persons pointed out by me, ever paid. 
Moreover, assassins were sent to Elba to murder me. 
Never,' continued Napoleon, ' have the terms of a treaty 
been more evidently violated, and indeed openl}' scoffed 
at, than those were by the allies.' 

Louis the Eighteenth was very tame after Napoleon, who, 
in spite of his draining France of men and treasure, had 
implanted a deep personal love for him in the hearts of his 
people ; and, from some fancied saying of his, that ' he would 
return in the spring,' the violet, the flower of spring, \\'as taken 
as his emblem, and so worn. He was spoken of under the 
name of Caporal Violette, or Papa Violcttc, and the people 
comforted themselves with ' En printcmps il revicndra.' 

There were several coloured engravings of bunches of 
violets, bearing the portraits of Napoleon, Maria Louisa, 
and the King of Rome — or Prince of Parma, as he was then 
called — published in P^rance ; notably one b)- Cann, ' Vio- 
lettcs du 20 Mars 181 5,' from which, in all probabi!it\', 
Cruikshank took his caricature of ' The Pcddigrcc of 
Corporal X'iolct (G. 11. in\-' ct del. etched b\- G. Cruik- 
shank 9 June I 8 I 5 j ' ; but, in the arrangement of the flowers, 
it is sui^crior to any of the h^rcnch pictures that I ha\-e 
seen. 

I-"or want of space, I have but partiall}- rci)roduccd it. 
V(JL. II. i' 



210 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

It is described ' First as a Consular Toad Stool, rising from 
a Corsican Dunghill, then changing to an Imperial Sun 




THE PEDDIGREE OF CORPORAL VIOLET, 



Flower, from that to an Elba fungus' (where the illustra- 
tion commences), ' and lastly to a bunch of Violets, which 
are so disposed as to represent a icltolc IcngtJi Profile of 
Ihionapartc, with a bust of Maria Louisa, and her Son, the 
Prince of Pariim,^ which portraits, undoubtedly existing in 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 21 1 

the picture, will be a pleasing exercise of patience on the 
part of my readers to discover. 

Although not English caricature, I may be pardoned 
for giving, as a type of then French feeling, a song sung 
by the troops amongst themselves. It is full of slang of 
the period, which the notes will elucidate : — 

Pendant que Louis Dix-huit a gogo ^ 
Mangeait, buvait, faisait dodo,^ 
Un beau jour, le Papa 
Quitte son ile, et le voila ! 

C/ioriis. Chantons le pere de la violette 

Au bruit de sons,^ et de canons ! 

Quand a la cour on salt cela, 
Le Comte d'Artois monte son dada,' 
Mais pour barrer le Papa, 
II faut un autre luron ^ que 9a ! 
Chantons, &c. 

During Napoleon's exile Josephine had died, 011 May 
29. She had lived quite long enough, and had experienced 
as many, and as great, vicissitudes as any woman. 

In June the P2mpcror of Russia, the King of Prussia 
and his sons, with a numerous suite, visited London, and 
were made LL.D.'s at Oxford, great fun being made at the 
time about conferring the degree on Blucher, Dr. IMuchcr 
figuring in many caricatures. 

'John Bull mad with Joy! or the P^irst of August 1814,' 
sliows the old fellow in ecstasies of delight. lie has thrown 
away his hat, and is waving his wig, dancing all the time. 
The Prince Regent says, 'Ah, ha I Johnny, I knew }-ou'd 
be delighted,' and sIkjws him the 'I^ill of P'arc of the Grand 
Xatic^nal Jubilee for the Peace of 1814. Jlyde Park — \ 

' riciitifully. - Slcjit. ■' Kolls of tlic (Iniiii. 

■* Ili)i\^c, 111", a- \s c sliuukl sa}', ' ycc-ijccj. ' ■' .Sli\)ii;;ei'. 



212 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

grand fair — Mess''* Gyngall, Richardson, and Punches 
shows — a grand sea fight upon the Serpentine — Fireworks 
in Kensington Gardens — plenty of gin and beer — St. 
James' Park — a Balloon — Chinese bridge and Pagoda — 
Boat race on the Canal — fireworks — plenty of port, sherry, 
claret, champagne, &c., &c., &c. Green Park — Castle and 
Temple — Fireworks and Royal Booths.' In his right hand 
the capering and joyous John swings a miniature gallows, 
on which hang the prince's enemies, and he cries out in his 
joy, ' Huzza for the Prince of Princes! Damn the lying 
London Papers ! May Whitbread be drown'd in one of 
his own butts ! and Tierney be choked with his long 
speeches. Here I have your enemies as they should be ! 
I shall stick this in my Corn field to frighten the Crows ! 
so Huzza, again and again, for the Prince of Princes.' 

This was the outcome of the Grand Jubilee on August i, 
which was celebrated in London — notably in the parks. 
' Mad with joy ' was the proper expression. See what this 
peace meant for the nation — a revival of trade, a remission 
of taxes, cheaper provisions, the reuniting to their families 
of beloved ones who had undergone so much for their 
country. Xo one can wonder that the people went ' mad 
with joy,' and were not ashamed to confess it. There was 
a pagoda on a Chinese ' bridge thro\\'n over the canal in 
St. James's Park, and at night fireworks were displa\-cd 
thereon. Chinese lanterns all along the I\Iall and Bird- 
cage Walk. Li the Green Park was a 'Temple of Con- 
cord,' near which was a fine booth for the accommodation 
of the foreign ambassadors and guests whom the Regent 
delighted to honour. Small men-of-war waged a mimic 
sea-fight on the Serpentine, and in II)-dc Park was a regu- 
lar fair. Sadler went up in his balloon, but nearly came to 

' \V(; niu.st recollect that George tlie MagnilicciU \\as tlien Regent, and his 
ta>te in architecture was decidedly Eastern. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 213 

grief, and descended somewhat precipitately in Mucking 
jNIarshes, on the Essex coast, sixteen miles below Graves- 
end. Sad to say, about midnight the pagoda caught fire, 
and two people lost their lives. The fair in Hyde Park 
was kept going for several days afterwards. 

So we leave the year 18 14, with Napoleon seemingly 
safe, yet far from contented, and the English people revel- 
ling in the new and welcome blessings of peace. 



214 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER LVII. 

napoleon's escape from EI.nA — UNIVERSAL CONSTERNATION — FLIGHT 
OF THE BRITISH FROM FRANCE — CARICATURES ON HIS RETURN. 

A SOMEWHAT elaborate caricature is by Geori^e Cruikshank 
(January i8 1 5), and is entitled ' Twelfth Night, or What 
}-ou Will ! now performing at the Theatre Royal Plurope, 
M'ith new Scenery, decorations, &c., &c., Src' It represents 
a theatre, on the stage of which sit Wellington, Austria, 
Russia, and Prussia. The former has been dividing an 
enormous Twelfth Cake, with the help of a huge knife and 
15ritannia's trident. Austria simply takes the whole of 
Germany, and remarks, ' I shall get my piece cut as 
large as I can. I don't think it is large enough.' Russia, 
\\\\o is not content with his huge piece of Russia in 
pAirope, puts his hand on Poland, and, turning to a Pole, 
who is drawing his sword, says : ' Here brother, take pos- 
session of this piece, I think I can manage them both ; 
besides, this has more plumbs on it, which will mix with 
mine.' Prussia, besides his own country, la}'s hands on 
Saxony, exclaiming: 'If I add this Saxon piece to mv^ 
Prussian one, and put the figure of an Iimperor on it, I 
think my share will look respectable.' Wellington, how- 
ever, reflects, ' I have been assisting to divide the Cake, 
but I don't much like my office, the Gentlemen seem so 
dissatisfied.' Pernadottc comforts himself \\ith ' Now 
I have got Norway, I can get a wind to blow which way I 
please.' Louis the Eighteenth and a Dutchman arc in a 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 215 

private box ; and in one of the stage-boxes is John Bull 
and his dog, the former of whom shakes hands with and wel- 
comes an American Indian, saying, ' I hope you won't dis- 
turb the peace.' In the opposite box are two Turks and a 
Hungarian ; whilst in the box above is Spain, his crown stuck 
all over with gallows, and attended by a fearful-looking 
Jesuit, reading from a ' list of Prisoners to be hung for sup- 
porting a free Constitution.' The other Powers are on 
their knees on the stage, abjectly begging, ' Pray, Gentle- 
men, spare us a few of the small pieces, for we are almost 
.star\-ing.' 

Napoleon was still at Elba, and Europe was enjoying 
a fool's paradise, as cannot be better shown than by a quo- 
tation from Rogers's ' Recollections ' (if reliable) : ' When 
Buonaparte left Elba for France, I (the Duke of Wellington) 
was at Vienna, and received the news from Lord Burghersh, 
our Minister at Florence. The instant it came, I commu- 
nicated it to every member of the Congress, and all 
laughed ; the Emperor of Russia most of all.' 

Doubtless they thought themselves secure, for they left 
Elba unguarded in the most singular manner. As Napo- 
leon told O'Meara : ' I do not believe that Castlereagh 
thought I should have ventured to leave Elba, as otherwise 
some frigates would have been stationed about the island. 
If they had kept a frigate in the harbour, and another out- 
side, it would have been impossible for me to have gone to 
P'rance, except alone, which I would never have attempted, 
r^vcn if the King of P'rance had ordered a frigate, with a 
picked crew, to cruise off the island, it would have prevented 
me.' 

Napoleon did not leave T^lba till February 26, nor did 
he land at Cannes till March i, when the news of his land- 
ing spread like wildfire. The 'Times' of March ii says : 
' Early yesterday morning we received by express from 



2i6 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Dover, the important, but lamentable intelligence, of a civil 
war having been again kindled in France, by that wretch 
Buonaparte, whose life was so impoliticly spared by the 
Allied Sovereigns. It now appears that the hypocritical 
villain, who, at the time of his cowardly abdication, affected 
an aversion to the shedding of blood in a civil warfare, has 
been employed during the whole time of his residence at 
Elba, in carrying on secret and treasonable intrigues with 
the tools of his former crimes in France,' &c. 

The caricaturists soon fastened on this event, which fcl. 
upon Europe like a thunderbolt, and some time in March 

was published ' The Devil to pay, or Boney's return from 

Elt.a 

Hell Bay , 25 Feb. 181 5,' by I. L. Marks. Napoleon is 
crossing the sea in a boat filled with soldiers, rowed by the 
Devil, and steered by Death. He sees the dove of peace, 
and immediately kills it with his pistol, saying, ' Away 
from my sight, Peace, Thou art hateful to me.' The Devil 
opines, ' We shall wade through seas of Blood after this ; ' 
and Death, waving a tricoloured flag on his dart, says, ' A 
more expert hand at my Trade does not exist.' The popu- 
lace are running to the shore to meet their returned Em- 
peror with effusion, whilst poor gouty Louis is being carried 
away on pickaback, lamenting, ' Oh Heartwcll,' I sigh for 
thy peacefull Shades,' 

I. L. Marks drew 'i Mar. 181 5. The European Pan- 
tomime. Princcaple Caracters Harliquin Mr. Bonc)'. 
Pantaloon Louis XVm. Columbine Maria Louiza. Clowns 
&c. by Congress.' Here Napoleon is making a terrific leap 
from Elba to the French coast, where the poor pantaloon, 
all gouty, shakes his crutch in impotent rage. The Em- 
press and her little son welcome him, and Congress is 
represented by the different sovereigns of Europe, who are 

' Or Ilanwell, in Euckingliamshire, wlicre he resided whilst in England. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 217 

in a tent ; Russia pointing to a globe in the midst of 
them. 

Here is a somewhat homely, but contemporary, account 
of how the news of Napoleon's escape was received in 
London : — ■ 

Twang went the horn ! ' confound that noise ! ' 

I cried, in pet — ' these plaguy boys 

Are at some tricks to sell their papers, 

Their blasts have given me the vapours ! ' 

But all my senses soon were stranded. 

At hearing ' Buonaparte's landed I ' 

' Landed in France ! ' so ran the strain, 

And ' with eleven hundred men.' 

' Ho, post ! ' ' Who calls ? ' ' This way.' ' Fm coming 1 ' 

' The public surely he is humming,' 

Said I. ' A paper — what's the price ? ' 

' A shilling.' ' Why, that's payment twice ! ' 

' As cheap as dirt, your honour, quite ; 

They've sold for half a crown to-night.' 

' But is the News authentic, friend ? ' 

' OJishui, sir, you may depend. — 

The Currier, third edition.' ' So ! 

'Well, take your money, boy, and go.' 

Now for the news — by what strange blunder 

Flas he escaped his bounds, I wonder. 

The flight of the British who were in France, upon 
hearing the news of Napoleon's landing, is amusingly 
shown in ' Hell broke loose or the John Bulls made Jack 
Asses,' which is the euphonious title of a caricature by 
G. Cruikshank, published March 20, 181 5. \r\ it we see de- 
picted the flight of Louis the Lightcenih and all the English 
then resident in Paris. They arc departing in fearful haste, 
and by all kinds of conveyances. One reflects, ' How 
they will laugh at us at home for being so fond of spending 
our Money in Foreign Countries.' Another complains, 'Oil 



2i8 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

dear, Oh ! dear, I have left all my valuables in Paris. I 
wish I had never brought my prosperity into France.' 
One man, gouty, is being dragged along in a go-cart. 
Three men are mounted on a cow, whilst another holds on 
by its tail ; whilst those on horseback, or in carriages, are 
having their quadrupeds and vehicles requisitioned, ' Me 
vant de horse to meet my old master Boney.' ' We want 
de coach to join de grand Emperor ; we teach you now to 
recover our lost honour and fight like devils.' Napoleon, 
at the head of his army, says, ' Aye, Aye, I shall catch 
some of the John Bulls, and I'll make them spend their 
money, and their time, too, in France.' 

' Boney's Return from Elba, or the Devil among the 
Tailors (G. H. inv* etched by G. Cruikshank, 2i March, 
1815)' is indeed a scare. Before describing the picture, it 
would be as well to read the follov;ing lines which are at 
its foot : — 

Hush'd was the din of Arms and fierce debate, 
Janus once more had clos'd his Temple gate ; 
Assembled Congress fix'd the flattering Plan, 
For Europe's safety, and the Peace of Man. 

When, like a Tiger, stealing from liis den, 
And gorg'd with blood, yet seeking blood again \ 
From Elba's Isle the Corsican came forth, 
^Making his sword the measure of his worth. 

Hence plunder, force, & cunning blast his fame, 
And sink the Hero in the Robber's name ; 
Hence guiltless Louis from the throne is hurl'd, 
And discord reigns triumphant o'er the world. 

Swift as the vivid lightning's shock, 
I'he Exile darts from Elba's Rock ! 
And like the Thunderbolt of fate 
Dethrones a King ! transforms a State ! 



ON NAPOLEON THE EIRST. 219 

Bonaparte, suddenly leaping from Elba, enters at an 
open window, knocking off the board, on which he had been 
sitting, the unlucky Louis the Eighteenth, who lies prone on 
the floor, crying, ' Help, help ! Oh ! I am knocked off my 
Perch.' John Bull goes to his assistance, comforting him 
with, ' Never fear old boy, I'll help you up again ; as for 
that rascal Boney, I'll sew him up presently.' Boney, 
meanwhile, is calmly seated on the tailor's bench, saying, 
' Dont disturb yourselves, shopmates, I have only popped 
myself here as a cutter out. Where is my wife and son, 
P'ather Francis ?' Trembling Austria, goose in one hand, 
scissors in the other, says, ' I will send, an answer shortl)'.' 
Terrified Holland exclaims, ' Bonder and Blizen dat is de 
Devil ! ' Russia, pointing to a knout, sa}'s, ' I'll take a 
few Cossack measures to him.' Old Bliicher, ^\•ith a huge 
pair of shears, advances to Napoleon, exclaiming, ' Cutter 
out indeed ! ! ! Yes, Yes, I'll cut }-ou out, r^Iaster Boney.' 
Prussia, still seated, sewing, thinks, 'You have cut out a 

little ^\"ork for us to be sure, but d me if }'ou shall be 

foreman here.' Bernadotte opines that ' This looks like 
another subsidy.' Talleyrand is hiding himself under the 
bench ; and the poor Pope, sprawling on the floor, forgets 
all Christian charity and language, and cries out, 'Oh! curse 
the fellow, I wish I had the power of a Bull, I'd kick him 
to Hell. D — n me if it isn't enough to make a saint 
swear.' 

' A Rc\'iew of the New Grand Arm\' ' (artist unnamed, 
^larch 1H15) shows, in the background, a host of \-cr}' 
tattered troops. In front is Napoleon, the aghast liuiperor, 
and Ills tieo frieuds and Pillars of the State, Death and the 
De\-i!. On one side of him is a Captain of Starved 
Banditti from the Alps, whose aim and object is plunder, 
and he acts as aide-de-camp ; whilst a ferocious Buteher 
from Elba, recking knife, and halter, in either hand, guards 



220 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

his other side, and acts as generalissimo. In a flood of 
hght over Napoleon's head appears the DcEinon of War 
pi'esiding over the Tyrant, bearing in one hand a flag, 
inscribed ' We come to redress Grievances,' and with the 
other pointing to ^Boundless Ambition! 

G. Cruikshank etched (April 4, 1815) 'The Genius of 
France expounding her Laws to the Sublime People.' An 
enormous monkey, his tail ornamented with tricoloured 
bows, unfolds a tricoloured scroll, which a lot of much 
smaller monkeys are reading. It is ' The French Code of 
Laws. — Ye shall be vain, fickle, and foolish — Ye shall kill 
your King one day, and crown his relative the next. — You 
shall get tired of Him in a few weeks — and recal a Ty- 
rant, who has made suffering humanity bleed at every 
pore — because it will be truly Nonvelle — Lastly, ye shall 
abolish and destroy all virtuous Society and worship the 
Devil. — As for Furope, or that little dirty Nation, the 
Fnglish, let them be d — d. FRANCE, the Great Na- 
tion, against the whole World.' 

' The Congress dissolved before the Cake was cut ' is 
the title of an etching by G. Cruikshank (dated April 6, 
181 5), in which the sovereigns are seated round an enor- 
mous cake of Europe, which they were going to cut up 
and divide, but are startled by the sudden apparition of 
Napoleon, who, with drawn sword, strides into the room, 
trampling on the decrees of tlie Congress, An accoimt of the 
Deliverance of Europe, and a plan for the secnrity of Europe. 
The Dutchman falls off his stool, and spills his bottle of 
Hollands : ' Oh ! Dondcr and Blizen, my Hollands is all 
gone,' is his consolatory reflection. Russia starts up with 
' Who the Devil expected you here,— this is mal a proposl 
Prussia ' Thought England had promised to guard him.' 
Austria, in terror, yells out for somebody to 'hold him, seize 
him.' The Pope pathetically laments, ' Oh dear, oh dear, 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



221 



what will become of me ? ' Bernadotte shouts, ' Seize 
him, Kill him ' ; but Poland, with folded arms, calmly asks, 
' Who'll begin ? there's the Rub ! ! ! ' The only one of the 
whole of them who has any presence of mind is Welling- 
ton, who jumps alertly to his feet and draws his sword. 

' The flight of Bonaparte from Hell-Bay ' is by Row- 
landson (April 7, 18 15). It represents the arch-fiend, 







^A 






/ 



// 



rilF. 1 I.ICHT OF i;OXArAinK from I1EL1.-1!AY. 



seated in his own peculiar dominions, engaged in blowing 
bubbles, on one cjf which he has mounted Napoleon, and 



222 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

sent him once more aloft, to the intense delight of admiring 
devils. 

Rowlandson etched ' Hell Hounds rallying round the 
Idol of France ' (April 8, 1815), which certainly is not a 
pleasant picture. A colossal bust of Napoleon, with a 
halter round his neck, is mounted on a pyramid of human 
heads, and around him, to testify their delight at his 
return, are dancing Savary, Fouche, Caulaincourt, Van- 
damme, Davoust, Ney, and Lefcbre. Devils, who say 
' He deserves a crown of pitch,' are bringing one already 
alight. The foreground is strewn with corpses. 

' Vive le Roi ! vive I'Empereur ! vive le Diable ! French 
Constanc}', French Integrity ' (date uncertain, but some 
time in April 181 5) is credited to Rowlandson. A French 
soldier, musket in one hand, snuff-box in the other, has 
three different knots of ribbon in his hat — a red one, ' Vive 
le Diable ! ' a white one, ' Vive le Roi ! ' and a tricoloured one, 
Vive I'Empereur ! ' A windmill typifies P'rench stability, 
and a monkey and cat, embracing and fondling, show 
' French union between the National Guard and troops of 
the Line.' 

On April 12, 181 5, was published an etching, not signed, 
but accredited to Rowlandson, ' Scene in a New Pantomime 
to be performed at the Theatre Royal, Paris. \Mth entire 
new IMusic, Dances, Dresses, Scenery, Machincr\-, &c. 
The principal Characters to be supported b}- most of the 
great Potentates of P2urope. Harlequin by INI"" Napoleon. 
Clown by King Wirtemberg. Pantaloon, Emperor of 
Austria. To conclude with a comic song to be sung by 
the Pope, and a Grand Chorus b\' the crown'd heads.' 

In this caricature we see Napoleon, habited as harle- 
quin, a dagger in each hand, leaping into the unknown, 
tlirough a ' practicable ' portrait of ' Louis le bicn aime.' 
He is pursued by all the Pan-cjpcan Powers. Clown fires 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



223 



two pistols at him, but overthrows Spain, who has just 
drawn his sword. Russia pricks him in the rear with a 
lance. Holland and Prussia are firing at him ; whilst some 
one is taking down from the wall the portrait of the Em- 
press as Columbine. 

In horrible taste is Rowlandson's picture of ' The Cor- 
sican and his Bloodhounds at the Window of the Thuil- 
leries, looking over Paris' (April 16, 181 5). The scene 
is a balcony, in which are Napoleon and some of his mar- 
shals. The balcony is inscribed ' More horrors. Death and 
Destruction.' The Devil is hugging Ney and Napoleon, 
and Death is pointing to the streets of Paris, where is a 
surgirgmob, with heads on pikes, &c. 

' The Corsican's last trip under the guidance of his 




^^^^^ V^^S'^^y' 




/^' 


y<cr>^."\ 


^■■^/.^ 


^yf\ 






-1'^ ^:-^ 


< ■— -^ 




- ^ ■ " - 


.^iA ... ■ '■-■•• 


. -- - ..« 



TIIF. COKSICA.N S LAST TRIP. 



Good Angel ' (April lb, 18 1 5) has no artist's name attached. 
It represents Bonaparte, and the Devil, taking a prodigious 
leap frcjm Elba, to tlie throne, and sovereign pcjwer. 

' The Phcnix of IClba resuscitated by Treason ' is by 
G Cruikhhank (:\Iay i, 18 15;, and is a very elaborate plate. 



224 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

A witch, whose hands drop gore, presides over the resusci- 
tation, saying, ' Rise, Spirit, that can never rest, sweet 
Bloodthirsty Soul ! Offspring of Treason ! come forth.' 
Obedient to her exorcisms, the Phcenix (Napoleon) rises 
from a caldron, exclaiming, ' Veni, Vidi, Vici ! ' Around 
the caldron gleefully dance the marshals of the Empire, 
singing, ' Ah ! ha ! by gar, now we shall begin our Bloody 
work again ; ' and in the heavens is shown a genius, having 
a crown and sceptre in one hand, and a guillotine in the 
other, who says, ' Rise, rise, thou favor'd son of Fate ! 
Death or a Diadem shall reward thy labours.' 

In one part of the picture is shown the Prince Regent 
indolently reclining on a divan, a huge decanter by his 
side, the prime minister presenting him wdth the news of 
the Return of Boney to Paris and the Decision of Congress: 
saying at the same time, ' May it please my Prince, but 
these are events we never calculated upon. I had no 
objection to the sacrifice of Saxony to the ambition of 
Prussia : I had no objection to the views of Alexander 
upon Poland : I had no objection to the transfer of Norw^ay 
to Sweden : I had no objection to the union of Belgium 
with Holland : I had no objection to all these things; but I 
could not foresee that the people would be dissatisfied and 
wish for the return of Buonaparte — to which I have every 
objection.' The Regent, his eyes starting out of his head, 
exclaims, ' How .■" shall I lose Hano\'er } shall I lose all 
we have been fighting for ? ' 

In another part is Solomon's Temple, in which sit the 
Congress, wrangling over the division of a huge cake. Gouty 
Louis the PLightccnth, mounted on a donkey, is off, hard 
gallop, to Vienna, calling out, ' Gee up, Neddy — adieu to 
the Lily in the Violet season ! adieu to my good City of 
l^aris 1 ' A\'hilst Wellington, on horseback, is going full 
speed to Belgium. 



ox NAPOLEON THE EIRST. 225 



CHAPTER LVIII. 

PKErARATIONS FOR WAR— THE SHORT CAMPAIGN — WATERLOO — - 
napoleon's ABDICATION. 

' The Royal Allied Oak and self-created mushroom Kings ' 
is a curiosity on account of the many profiles contained 
therein. An account of them is given as under : — 

Behold the Oak whose firm fix'd stay 

Doth check Oppression's course, 
Whose slightest branch can ne'er decay, 

While strong with Virtue's force. 

Our much lov'd Sovereign decks the branch, 

The highest of the Tree : 
And peaceful Louis tho' driven from France, 

Among its boughs you'll see. 

The Regent's Portrait next behold, 

^\'hose Councils ^\'isdom guides ; 
And Russia's noble Monarch bold, 

Who check'd the I'yrant's strides. 

Immortal Wellington next is seen, 

Whose fame can ne'er expire ; 
And vet'ran Plucher's warlike mien 

That kindled Napoleon's ire. 

The Mushroom race you have to seek 

In weeds about the root, 
\\'ho scarce dare at tlie Oak to peep, 
Or at its princely fruit. 
V(;l,. II. O 



226 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



This clever picture is by I. Field, and was published 
May 29, 181 5. 







'^^il% 



Ji " c3 -V'- '-^. - T»-> 




TI!E ROYAL ALLIED OAK AND SELF-CREATED MUSHROOM KLN(;s. 

S. T. Taw, a new caricaturist, g"ivcs us 'The Crown Candi- 
dates, or a modest request politely refused' (Ma\- 181 5). 
Louis the ICightecnth, Napoleon, and the }-ount4' ^^'^^^S ^^ 
Rome are seated at a table. The former is sa\-ing-, in the 
hopes of an amicable settlement being come to, ' Sire, 
when you have done with the l^^mpirc, 1 will thank )-ou to 
let me have it.' Napoleon replies, ' I am sorry, Sire, it is 
enc,^aq;ed for that younc;" Gentleman.' Tlie Kinj^- of Rome 
has a torn map, which he is tr}-in;_;' to piece, and he sa}-s, 
' I think I sliall be able to unite then:;.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 227 

G. Cruikshank drew (June i, 181 5) * Preparing for War,' 
which is somewhat elaborate in detail. The centre is occu- 
pied by a funeral pyre, to which fire has already been applied, 
' Sacred to the Bourbon cause, and dedicated to the Down- 
fall of illegitimate Tyranny.' Atop of this is chained a bull, 
decked with flowers for the sacrifice, and draped with a 
cloth, on which is inscribed : ' Land Tax — Ditto Personal 
— Tax on Windows, Dogs, Houses, Servants, Clerks, Shop- 
men, Carts, Hair powder, Horses, Waiters, Travellers, 
Income, Armorial bearings,' &c. &c. Poor John Bull 
bellows, ' Alas, and must I come to this ! have I bled for 
so many years in }-our service, and will you now take my 
life ? ' A typical representative of the House of Commons 
assures him that it is ' Better to die Johnny, than live, 
and see thrive the thing we hate — Let us arm — -war — war 
— interminable war I sa)', down with the Regicide — no 
quarter to the Usurper — So I said at Congress, so I now 
repeat, and if it is }-our fate to expire at the Altar, Johnny, 
all I ask is that I ma}- li\-c to preach }-our funeral sermon.' 
A t}'pical House of Lords is about to give him the coup dc 
grace with a pole-axe inscribed ' New War Taxes,' com- 
forting him with ' Xo grumbling Johnny, \-ou are a Xoble 
Sacrifice and worth}' of the Cause.' A number of empty 
bags are waiting to be filled — 'Subsidies,' 'The Arm}-,' 
' The Xav}-," ' Contractors,' &c. 

The left-hand portion of the picture shows the Prince 
Ivcgcnt reclining idly on the throne undergoing his toi]et_ 
His idea of the grri\-it\- of the situation may be gathered 
from his speech : ' Wh\- this looks like war ! Order me a 
brilliruit I'Y'te, send mc a M}'ria(l of Cooks and Scu;',ii )i-,s 
— sa}- to me no more of Ci\il Lists and deserted wi\"es, but 
of la^ci\ifjus Mistresses and l)acchanalian Orgies — Tt) it, 
I'cil mell — mv-soul is eager for tlie fierce enc'iunler — Wh;it, 



228 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

are my Whiskers ' easier than they were ? ' One of his 
valets says, ' Your highness shall in all things be obey'd ' ; 
whilst one, who is measuring him round the waist, tells 
him, ' I think these will be the best stays your highness 
has had yet.' 

In the background are seen soldiery, and Wellington 
and Blucher sharpening their swords. Poor gouty Louis 
is clad in armour, and is mounted on Talleyrand as a 
charger. He is accompanied by an army of two men, 
armed with bottles of Eau Medicinal, and his artillery is 
composed of rolls of flannel. He soliloquises : 'Well — we've 
7\iiily for the Field to-morrow ! but don't forget the Eau 
Medicinal and the Fleecy Hosiery ; alas ! these gouty limbs 
arc but ill adapted to Jack boots and spurs — I think I had 
better fight my battles over a cool bottle with my friend 
George.' 

The extreme right of the engraving shews Napoleon 
giving orders to ' Let loose the Dogs of War ; ' which is 
obeyed by one of his marshals, who delightedly exclaims, 
' Here is a glorious pack already sniffing human blood, and 

fresh for slaughter On — comrades — on ! the word is 

]^onaparte, Beelzebub and Blood.' 

' There is a very amusing skit about these 'R — 1 Whiskers,' which were 
assumed to be as false as the historical wigs, pubHshed early in 1816. It is 
too long to reproduce, although it is really laughable ; but, at all events, space 
can l)e found for the first few lines. 

L'Adieu. 

J-'roni a ptdssant Prince to his Cast-off Whiskers, on his leaving 

London to make an Excursion. 

Adieu, my dear Whiskers ! dear Whiskers, adieu ! 
I ne'er shall love Whiskers as I have lov'd you, 
So becoming your form, and so brilliant your hue, 
I ne'er adniir'd Whiskers as I've admired you. 
\'our curve was so lovely, so like a horse-shoe, 
Not a Whisker at Court was so lovely as you. 
The l-Saron Geramb's were immense, it is true, 
liut they didn't sweep round half so tasty as you. 



av NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 229 

It was time to prepare for \var, with a vengeance. On 
]\Iarch 25 a treaty had been concluded at Vienna between 
Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, binding them- 
selves to maintain the Treaty of Paris, to keep each 150,000 
men in the field, and not to leave off until Napoleon had 
been rendered harmless. 

British gold had to be lavishly employed : the King of 
\\'urtcmbcrg receiving from our Go\-ernmcnt 11/. 2s. for 
each man, to the number of 29,000, which he bound him- 
self to bring into the field.' But the campaign in Belgium 
was to be a short one. W'e all know it, and its glorious 
end, at Waterloo. The news of that victory flew as never 
news flew before, for on the 22nd inst. was published the 
following official bulletin : 

' Downing Street, June 22, 1S15. 

' The Duke of Wellington's Dispatch, dated Waterloo, 
the 19th of June, states that on the preceding clay Buona- 
parte attacked, with his whole force, the British line, 
supported by a corps of Prussians ; which attack, after a 
long and sanguinary conflict, terminated in the complete 
overthrow of the Enemy's Army, with the loss of Om-: 
Hundred and P^iftv Pieces of Cannon, and Two 
Eagles. During the night, the Prussians under Marshail 
Bliicher, who joined in the pursuit of the Enem}-, caj^turcd 
Slxtv Guns, and a large part of Buonaparte's 1^A(;(;agk. 
The Allied Armies continued to pursue the enem)'. Two 
Erench Generals were taken.' 

Although jubilant exceedingly, the nation hardl}- \-ct 
comprehended the value of that victory ; in fact, in reading 
the immediate contemp(;rary comments thereon, there 
seems to be a dread of Napoleon's powers of resource and 
recuperation, and the illuminations which followed were 

' 'I'lDUS, June 1, 1S15. 



23b ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

not so enthusiastically described as on some other occa- 
sions. 

One caricaturist seems to have been gifted with pre- 
science, for before the victory became known he had pro- 
duced a caricature which was called ' A Lecture on Heads,' 
as Delivered by !Marshalls Wellington and Blucher ' (artist 
unknown, June 21, 181 5), which shews these heroes dealing 
death and destruction on the French all round them, 
making the heads fly all over the place. Blucher shouts 
out, 'Blister 'em, Fire 'em, shoot 'em. Kick 'em. Lump 'em, 
Thump 'em, whack 'em, smack 'em.' Wellington sings — 

Bold as Hector or Macbeth, 

Ri tol, lol, la. 
Where's the Fun like meeting Death, 

Tol de ridy Tol de ray. 

' Monkey's Allowance, more Kicks than Dumplings. 
A Farce Perform'd with Great Eclat at the National 
Theatre in the Netherlands,' is the title of a not particu- 
larly good picture by an unnamed artist in June 181 5. It 
represents Napoleon, with his hands tied behind him, 
getting ' ^Monkey's Allowance ' from the principal sovereigns 

of Europe. 

WELLINGTON {siugs wliUst kicking Iii/n). 

^Master Boney with his fol dor lol, le, 
I buffet away on i\\Q fflain, Sir ; 

BLUCHER. 

And I'll assist your ^^'orship's fist, 
\\i\.\\ all my might and main, Sir. 

AUSTRL\. 

And ril have a Thumj), 
Although he's so plump, 

' rieorge Alexander Stevens gave tlie famous ' Lecture on Heads, ciirn 
1763 or 1764, \<y which it is said thai here and in America he cleared 
nearly lo.ooo/. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 132 

PRUSSIA. 

And we'll make such a woundy racket, 

HOLLAND. 

We'll ramp, we'll swear 

RUSSL\ AND SWEDEN. 

^^'e'll tear — oh rare, 

LOUIS XVIIL 

I warrant we'll pep})er his jacket. 

' R. Ackermann's Transparency on the Victory of 
Waterloo ' is said to be by Rowlandson, and is without 
date. It, doubtless, was got up on the news of that great 
battle, but it is a very weak production. It simply repre- 
sents Napoleon between Wellington and Blucher : the 
latter meets him with artillery, the former pursues him on 
horseback. Of course his crown has tumbled off. It is 
not an artistic picture by any means, but, doubtless, it 
evoked the enthusiasm of the masses, who were intoxicated 
with joy at the famous victory. 

After the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon hastened to 
Paris, and, tired and covered with dust as he was, he 
immediately met his Ministers, and told them the extent 
of' his disasters. They laid the intelligence before the 
Houses of Legislature, and on the morning of June 22 
Napoleon received a deputation from the Chamber, who 
submitted to him that ' the state of war in which France 
was involved concerned much less the nation than himself, 
and that the Assembly had the means at command, if he 
would act so disinterested a part as to restore to it freedom 
of action according as circumstances might dictate.' 

This was a pretty broad hint to Napoleon to abdicate, 
and he tocjk it as such, and sent the following reply : — 

' Frcnclimcn ! \\'htn I began the war to ui)hold national in- 
deijcndencc, I relied on the union of all efforts, all wills, and on 



232 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

the co-operation of all national authorities. I was justified in 

anticipating success, and I braved all the declarations of the 

Powers against my person. Circumstances seem to be changed. 

I offer myself as a sacrifice to the hatred against France. May 

your enemies ])rove sincere, and may it appear that they wage war 

against me alone ! My political life is terminated. I proclaim 

my son, under the title of Napoleon II., Emperor of the French. 

The present Ministers will form the Council of the Provisional 

Government. The interest which I take in my son induces me 

to invite the Chambers to organize a Regency without delay, by a 

special law. Unite for the general safety, and to secure national 

independence. 

Napoleox. 
At the Palace of the Elysee, the 22 June, 1S15. 

The ' Times,' ' as usual, must speak bitter things of the 
fallen foe, and, ancnt his abdication, says, ' The wretch, 
with the blood of so many thousands on his head, seemed 
to carry about him all the coolness of that apathy which is 
part of his physical constitution ; and so degraded and 
demoralised are the Parisian populace, that they^ could see 
the butcher of their race without the least emotion. He 
is, however, spoken of in the journals, and in the debates' 
without an)' share of that respect which but lately was 
attached to his name. After his former abdication, he was 
invariably termed the "'P^mperor"; but now he is called 
nothing but plain Xapolcon.' 

' June 30, 1S15. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 233 



CHAPTER LIX. 

NATOLEON A rRISOXER - SENT TO THE ISLE OF AI\ — NEGOTIATIGXS TOR 
SURRENDER — GOES ON BOARD THE ' BELLEROriiON. ' 

Napoleon retired to Malmaison, but was not long there 
before General Becker came to him and informed him that 
he was appointed by the Provisional Government to com- 
mand the troops detailed for his protection. Napoleon 
knew the meaning of this message, but even being made a 
prisoner by his own soldiery did not quell his spirit. 

But the presence of Napoleon at Malmaison embarrassed 
the Government, and Becker had orders to convey Napo- 
leon with all speed to the Isle of Aix. Accordingly they 
set out, and reached Rochcfort on July 3, where he 
remained until the 8th, when he embarked on board the 
' Saale ' frigate, but without any hope of getting to sea, 
because of the blockade of the port by the ' Bcllerophon ' 
and other English men-of-war. He occasionally landed 
on the Isle of Aix ; but all hopes of reaching America 
seem to have been abandoned, as Las Cases and Savary 
were sent on board the ' Bcllerophon ' to inc^uire of Captain 
Maitland whether he knew anything of the passports 
Napoleon expected from the British Government, and 
whether any opposition would be offered to his sailing to 
the United States. Captain Maitland replied that he 
knew nothing of the intentions of his Government, but 
he certainly could not allow any ship-of-war to leave the 



234 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

port, and in the course of conversation asked, ' Why not 
seek an asylum in England ? ' 

The hint thus dropped fructified ; for, after another 
visit of Las Cases and General Lallemand on board the 
' Bellerophon ' on July 14, avowedly to repeat their pre- 
vious questions, the matter was openly discussed, and on 
mentioning the result of their interview to the Emperor he 
agreed to this course, and desired Las Cases to tell Captain 
Maitland to prepare and receive him and his suite the next 
day. At the same time he entrusted General Gourgaud 
with an autograph letter to the Prince Regent, directing 
him to take it to England and deliver it into the Prince's 
own hands. 

From the date of this letter, which was the 13th, it 
would seem that Napoleon had, on the previous day, made 
up his mind what course to pursue. The following is the 
text of the letter : — 

Your Royal Highness, 

Exposed to the factions which divide my Country, and 

to the enmity of the greatest Powers of Europe, I have terminated 

my political career ; and I come, like Themistocles, to throw 

myself upon the hospitality of the British People. I place myself 

under the protection of their laws, which I claim from your Royal 

Highness, as the most powerful, the most constant, and the most 

generous, of my enemies. 

Napoleox. 
Rochefort, 13th July, 1S15. 

On the 15th, then, Napoleon and suite went on board 
the ' l^cllerophon,' where they were received by Captain 
Maitland and his officers ; the Emperor saying, ' I am 
come to throw myself on the Protection of your Prince and 
Laws.' 

Caricature of such a scene seems to be in vcr}' bad 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 



235 



taste, but as it was done, and is so truly comic, I cannot 
refrain from reproducing it. 

' Compliments and Congees, or Little Boney's surrender 
to the Tars of Old England ! ! ! ' is a highly humorous 
picture by G. Cruikshank (July 24, 181 5). Napoleon sur- 
renders himself, cringing and weeping, together with his 
suite, whom he describes, on board the ' Bellerophon,' and 




COMPLIMENTS AND CONG]^;ES. 



is received with due respect by Captain Maitland. The 
cx-Emperor says, ' O, Mr. Bull, I am so happy to see you, 
I always had a great regard for the British Sailors, they 
are such noble fellows, so brave, so generous ! ! You see I 
am in a great deal of trouble, but I hope you will take pity 
on me and my suite, namely my barber, my cook, and my 
washerwoman, together with a few of my brave generals who 
ran away with me from the Battle of Waterloo, and I do 
assure you we will have g\■c^.t pleasmr in surrendering to the 
good LLnglish — I should feel extremely obliged if you would 
take us to America, but if you will not, I beg you will take 
us to luigland, for I hate those Bears, and cursed Cossacks, 
and as for the French Nation now — why they ma\- be 
d — d. Old luigland for ever I sa}'.' And his suite 
ser\-ilcly follow their fallen master's lead with cries of 
' \'ivcnt les Anirlais!' 



236 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Captain Maitland receives him with doffed hat and his 
hand on his heart, saying, ' Indeed Mr. Boney I am greatly 
obhged to you for your compHments, and I assure you we 
are as happy to receive you, as you are to surrender. I'm 
afraid they would not take that care of you in America, 
that they will in England. Therefore I shall conduct }-ou 
to the latter place, as quick as possible.' The opinions of 
the sailors are more graphic than polite : ' My eyes, what 
a sneaking hound he is ! ! ' 'I say Jack, do you think 
they'll clap him in Exeter Change amongst the wild beasts ?' 
' No, I suppose as how he'll be put in the Monkey's den 
in the Tower, or else they'll send him about with the 
dancing bear ! ' 

Charles etched (July 15, 18 15) 'The Bone-a-part in a 
fresh place.' This represents Bonaparte caught in a spring 
man-trap, which has broken his leg. He surrenders his 
sword to John Bull, who is dressed as a gardener : ' Here 
take this ]\Ir. Bull, you have me in your power — I must 
trust to your usual generosity, and most humbly acknow- 
ledge that I am truly sorry I ever came here.' John Bull 
makes no answer, but soliloquises thus instead : ' He has 
plundered most of his neighbours' Gardens, but I thought 
he would be sorry if ever he set his foot in mine. I suppose 
this big sword is what he intended to cut my cabbages 
with, and perhaps my head too ! but Ell ha\c it for a 
pruning knife, 'twill serve me to lop his Branches with, if 
any should spring up after I have taken care of him.' 

G. Cruikshank, in August 18 15, published a contrast — 
' Buonaparte on the 17th of June — Buonaparte on the 17th 
of July, 1 81 5.' On the former date he is seen vapouring 
on the Ercnch coast, flourishing his sword, and calling out, 
' Ha, ha, you Bull beast, you Blackguard Islander, )'ou see 
I am come back again, and now you shall see what I shall 
do with }"ou, }'ou wretch ! you thought I was done over, 



aV NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 237 

did you ? you thought I was going to stay at Elba ? D — n 
all Elbas, abdications, Englishmen and their Allies. I'll 
play Hell with them all.' John Bull, seated securely on 
his own shore, calmly enjoying his tankard of ale and his 
long clay pipe, puffs out a huge mouthful of smoke at his 
adversary, with a contemptuous ' You may be d — d. I'll 
make a Tobacco stopper of you.' 

But within one short month what a change had come 
over the scene ! Napoleon, a weeping, kneeling suppliant, 
on board the ' Bellerophon,' moans out : — 

good Mr. Bull ! I wish you to know 
(Although you are my greatest foe,) 
That my career is at an end : 

And I wish you now to stand my friend. 
For, though at the Battle of Waterloo 

1 was by you beat black & blue, 
Yet you see I wish to live with you. 

For I'm sure what is said of your goodness is true. 
And now if in England you'll let me remain 
I ne'er will be guilty of bad Tricks again. 

John 15ull,howe\'er, knowing the slippery customer he has 
to deal with, reflects : ' Let me see ; — first of all you sprung 
from the Island of Corsica, and when you was kick'd out of 
France, and went to the Island of Elba, you made another 
spring into France again. — And now when you arc kick'd 
out of France a second time, you want to come and live on 
my Island — l^ut it won't do, Master Boney ;- you'll be 
making another spring into France again, I suppose — so I 
tell you what — I'll send you to the Island of St. Helena, 
and we'll see what sort of a spring you'll make then.' 

George Cruikshank contributes a very badly drawn 
etching ^September 1, 18 15) of ' Bonc}''s threatened Inva- 
sion brought to bear, — or, taking a View of the English 



238 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

coast from y^ Poop of the Bellerophon.' The English 
coast is represented by a ' Citadel,' in front of which is a 
gallows prepared. One of his suite points it out to him : 
' By gar ! mon Emperor, dey have erect von prospect for 
you.' Napoleon, who is mounted on a breech of the gun, 
looks through his telescope and says, ' Me no like the d — n 
prospect' A Jack Tar sitting on another gun gives as his 
opinion, ' I thinks as how. Master Boney, that instead of 
sending you to Hell bay, they should have sent you to Hell 
at once.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 239 



CHAPTER LX. 

NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE ' BELLEROPHON ' — ARRIVAL AT TORBAY — 
CURIOSITY OF THE PEOPLE — THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT DETERMINE 
TO SEND HIM TO ST. HELENA. 

On board the ' Bellerophon ' he was treated with every con- 
sideration by Captain Maitland. He was still looked upon 
as Emperor, and dined ofT his own gold plate, the dinner 
being ordered by his own inaitre dliotel ; and when he visited 
the ' Superb ' he was received with all the honours accorded 
to royalty, with the exception of a salute being iired. On 
the 1 6th July they set sail for England, and at daybreak on 
the 24th they were close to Dartmouth. Napoleon rose at 
six and went on the poop, surveying the coast, which he 
much admired : ' What a beautiful coimtry ! it very much 
resembles Porto Fcrrajo at Elba.' 

About eight A.M. they anchored at Torbay, and no 
sooner was it known that Napoleon was on board the 
' Bellerophon ' than the bay was covered with vessels and 
boats full of people. A neighbouring gentleman sent the 
P2mperor a present of fruit. What a different reception 
from the language of the ' Times ' ' : — 

' Our paper of this day v\ill satisfy the sceptics, for such 
there were beginning to be, as to the capture of that bloody 
miscreant, who has so long tortured liuropc, Nai'OLICOX 
PUOXAI'AKTE. Sa\-ages are always fcjund to unite the 
greatest degree of cunning to the fcroci(jUs part of their 
nature. The cruelty of this joerson is written in characters 
of blood in almost evcr\' country in Ii^urope, and in the 

' July 25, 1815. 



240 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

contiguous angles of Africa and Asia which he visited 
and nothing can more strongly evince the universal con- 
viction of his low, perfidious craft, than the opinion which 
was beginning to get abroad, that even after his capture 
had been officially announced, in both France, and Eng- 
land, he might yet have found means to escape. How- 
ever, all doubts upon this point are at an end, by his 
arrival off the British coast ; and, if he be not now placed 
beyond the possibility of again outraging the peace of 
Europe, England will certainly never again deserve to 
have heroes such as those who have fought, and bled, at 
Waterloo, for this, his present overthrow. The lives of 
the brave men who fell on that memorable day will have 
been absolutely thrown away by a thoughtless country ; 
the grand object attained by their valour will have been 
frustrated, and we shall do little less than insult over their 
remains, almost before they have ceased to bleed. But 
Fortune, seconding their undaunted efforts, has put it in 
our power to do far otherv/ise. 

' Captain Sartorius of the Slaney frigate, arrived yester- 
day with dispatches from Captain Maitland of the Bellero- 
plion, confirming all the antecedent accounts of Buonaparte's 
surrender, with various other details, and closing them 
by their natural catastrophe — his safe conveyance to Eng- 
land. He is, therefore, what we may call, here. Captain 
Sartorius delivered his dispatches to Lord Melville, at 
Wimbledon, by whom their contents were communicated 
to Lord Liverpool, at his seat at Combe Wood ; sum- 
monses were immediately issued for a Cabinet Council to 
meet at 1 2 o'clock ; what passed there was, of course, not 
suffered to transpire ; our narrative must therefore revert 
to the Slaney frigate, and the accounts brought by her. 
She had been sent forward by Captain Maitland to Ply- 
mouth, with the dispatches announcing that Buonaparte 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 241 

was on board the BelleropJion, with a numerous suite. But 
it was the intention of Captain Maitland himself, to proceed 
to Torbay, and not to land his prisoners until he had 
received orders from Government. 

' Buonaparte's suite, as it is called, consists of upwards 
of 40 persons, among whom was Bertrand, Savary, Lalle- 
mand ! Grogan,^ and several women. He has been allowed 
to take on board carriages and horses, but admission was 
denied to about 50 cavalry, for whom he had the impudence 
to require accommodation. This wretch has really lived 
in the commission of every crime, so long, that he has lost 
all sight and knowledge of the difference that exists 
between good and evil, and hardly knows when he is 
doing wrong, except he be taught b}' proper chastisement. 
A creature — who ought to be greeted with a gallows as 
soon as he lands — to think of an attendance of fifty horse- 
men ! He had at first wanted to make conditions with 
Captain Maitland as to his treatment, but the British 
officer vcr\- properly declared that he must refer him 
upon this subject to his Government. 

' When he had been some time on board, he asked the 
Captain what chance two large frigates, well manned, would 
have with a sevent}'-four. The answer, we understand, 
which he received to this enquiry, did not give him any 
cause to regret that he had not tried his fortune in a naval 
combat with the relative forces in question. By the wa\', 
wc should not have been surprised if he had come into an 
action with the two frigates, and then endeavoured to 
escape in his own, and leave the other to her fate. It has 
been the constant trick of this villain, whcnc\'cr he has got 
his companions into a scrape, to lca\-e them in it, and seek 
hi> own safety by fiight. In I^g\-pt, in the Moscow expe- 
dition, and at Waterloo, such was his conduct. 

' Gciicr.il Cuuig.Tud. 
\ I il.. H. R 



242 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

' He likewise had the assurance to address a letter to the 
Prince Regent, and M. Grogan, one of his party, was put 
on board the Slaney as the bearer of it ; but when this 
vessel reached Plymouth, the officer on duty there, with a 
decision that does him credit, refused Grogan permission 
to land : the letter is said to have been conveyed by Captain 
Sartorius, and its purport was understood, on board, to 
be a rcc^uest for passports for America. We should have 
supposed that he had received too many checks before, for 
his presumption in addressing letters to the British Govern- 
ment, ever to have hazarded that experiment again ; but 
all reproofs are thrown away upon his callous heart ; — not 
that we should object to his humbly addressing the British 
throne for mercy, if he has anything to urge in extenuation 
nf his crimes ; but the time has not yet come ; a momentary 
gleam of resolution on the part of his own Government, 
indicated by the imprisonment of Labedoyere, and others, 
led us to hope that his trial might have been safely en- 
trusted to those to whom it primarily, and of natural right, 
belongs ; but. though this hope may have proved transitory, 
he is not, therefore, above the criminal justice of other 
countries, where established law, and a regular execution 
of it, prevails. 

' The first procedure, we trust, will be a special com- 
mission, or the appointment of a court martial, to try him 
for the murder of Captain Wright. It is nonsense to say, 
as some have, that courts martial are instituted only to try 
offences committed by soldiers of the country to which 
they belong : it was an American court martial that tried 
and shot Major Andre as a spy ; and Buonaparte himself 
appointed commissions of all kinds, and in all countries, to 
try offences committed against himself 

The same paper says : ' As soon as an august personage 
was informed of the capture of Buonaparte, he communicated 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 243 

this important intelligence to a prince of his family — " The 
ancient fable is at length realised : the Chimera is in the 
power of BelleropJwii, and will not this time escape again." 

' [Every reader knows that the Chimera was a terrible 
monster that vomited fire.] ' 

Rowlandson gives us (July 28, 1815) ' Boney's Trial, 
Sentence and Dying Speech, or Europe's injuries revenged.' 
Boney is in the felon's dock, backed up by his old friend 
the Devil. His indictment sets forth thus : ' Napolean 
Boneparte, The first and last, by the wrath of Heaven, 
Ex Emperor of Jacobins and Head Runner of Runaways, 
stands indicted ist for the murder of Captain Wright, in 
the Temple at Paris. 2nd for the murder of the Duke 
d'Enghien, Pichegru and Georges. 3rd for the murder of 
Palm, Hofer, &c. &c. 4th for the murder of the 12 inhabi- 
tants of Moscow. 5th for innumerable Robberies com- 
mitted on all Nations in Christendom, and elsewhere. 6th 
for bigam}', and lastly for returning from Transportation, 
and setting the World in an uproar.' Bliicher presides, 
assisted by all the European sovereigns, and gives sentence 
thus : ' You, Nap Boneparte, being found guilty of all these 
crimes, it is fell to my lot to pronounce sentence of Death 
upon you. You arc to be hung by the neck for one hour, 
till you are Dead, dead, dead, and your body to be chained 
to a mill stone, and sunk in the sea at Torbay.' 

Napoleon, terrified at this sentence, weepingly implores, 
' Oh Cruel l^lucher ! Oh Cruel Wellington ! it is you that 
have brought mc to tliis end. Oh, magnanimous Emperors, 
Kings and Princes ! intercede for mc, and spare my life, 
and give me time to atone for all my sins. My Son, 
Napoleon the Second, will reward you for mercy shewn 
mc.' 

On July 26 orders came for the ' Bcllcrophon ' to go to 
Pl)-mouth ; which being reached, two frigates, the ' LiiTcy ' 

K 2 



244 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

and ' Eurotas/ were anchored, one on either side of her, 
and kept strict guard over her. No boat from the shore 
was allowed to come within a cable's length of her, and 
ships' boats continually rowing around kept that space 
clear. 

The following description is by an eye-witness ' : — 

There is nothing so dull as mere fact, you'll admit, 

While you read my detail, unenlivened by wit. 

My friends will believe, though they're told it in rhyme, 

That I thought to return in a far shorter time. 

When at once we're resolv'd. by half past on the move, 

And by two, but a trio, we reach Mutton Cove ; 

When approaching the quay, such a rabble and rout, 

That we ask ' My good friend, what is all this about ? ' 

' They are rowing a race, and some boats are come in, 

While these people are waiting till t' others begin.' 

\\'ell aware of our folly, with risible lij), 

The boatman we told to make haste to tlie ship : 

On the colours offish,- here by hampers-full landing, 

We gaze for amusement, while still we're kept standing ; 

At length to the Admiral's stairs we have got, 

See his party on board, and hear tunes from his yacht. 

The day is delightful, the gale just enough 

For the sea to look lively without being rough. 

With those first at the shi]), our sight costs the dearer, 

As we've longer to wait, and not, in the end, nearer ; 

For by land, and by water, so different the case is, 

"Twas long before we were jam'd into our places ; 

But on further advice we"ll at present be dumb, 

i-'or half the spectators you know, are now come : 

In one boat, a bevy, all sarcenet and veil, 

In the next some good fellows while tojjing their ale. 

' Avast ! here's the guard boat.' ' Aye here it comes smack.' 

And the ladies cry ' Cajjiain they'll drive us all back.' 

' A -risi! to Bonaparte in Plyiiioiitli Sound, by a Lady. ]^lyniouth, 1S15. 
- Mackc-cl. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 245 

Then some bully our men, with 'Skull out there, skull out,' 

And others check these with ' Mind what you're about.' 

Here's a crazy old boat, laded dry by a shoe. 

There, a gay painted barge is forced on our view ; 

In this, while Don Solus is jeered by the mob, 

' See that empty boat, turn it out.' ' Here's a fine job.' 

Cries one, of some dozens squeezed into the next, 

' I've left the pork pie, Oh dear I'm so vex'd.' 

In the long boat, that shews us profusion of oar, 

From the Captain bursts forth, a most terrible roar 

At his men, but the anger about who, or what. 

Though they still remember, we soon had forgot. 

Here infants were crying, mothers scolding downright, 

While the next party laughs at some comical sight. 

Now watches and spy-glasses make their appearance. 

And Impatience, that vixen, begins interference ; 

To beguile her, through portholes we eagerly stare. 

For the nobles on deck are all taking the air. 

' Hey dey what a bustle ! ' then ' All safe, all safe.' 

The crowd is return'd to its chatter and laugh. 

' Pray what was the matter ? ' ' From that boat, near the ship, 

A woman fell over, and so got a dip.' 

But a hum of applause, yes, his triumph is full. 

Yet this hum of applause has betrayed our John Bull, 

' What hum of applause ? come I prithee be brief : ' 

Why John was delighted to see them ship beef. 

With a smile 'tis observed by the Briton polite. 

How the glee of the crowd was improv'd, by the sight, 

For the rough, honest tar, had declared from his heart. 

That he thought this a sight that would beat Bonaparte. 

Some, again, with composure, i)redict peace and war, 

Others look at the great folks, and fancy a star ; 

But we, much fatigued, six o'clock now approaching. 

And on our good nature we thought them encroaching, 

When boats are made bridges, nay, tempted to think. 

That through s(jme of these freedoms, not strange we should sink. 



246 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

But here I must mention, when all was most merry, 

As here is each size, from the long boat to wherry, 

When the crowd should disperse, I was fearful, I own. 

Lest your small boats, by barges, should then be run down. 

But a truce with our hopes, our predictions and fears, 

For now, yes at last, our grand object appears ; 

And now every eye to the ship is directed, 

Though to see Bonaparte, I no longer expected ; 

For between us what number of men ! and aghast 

We stood, as still thicker and thicker the mast. [? mass\ 

But now see Napoleon, who seems in his figure. 

What we call mediocre, nor smaller, nor bigger ; 

For in spite of our fears, how it was, I can't tell, 

What our distance allowed of, we saw very well. 

But in this we're full right, for now, hurry scurry. 

Boat rows against boat, with the madness of fury ; 

The show was all over, but time was outstaid 

By some, and by others, attempts were still made 

To get round the ship, in hopes Bonaparte might 

At some place yet be seen, thus to perfect their sight. 

This doggerel helps us to realise the intense desire of 
the British public to get at least a glimpse at Boney, that 
great bugbear who for so many years had been so great a 
terror to them, and whose existence everyone, from the 
highest to the lowest, had acutely felt in that tenderest 
place of our social economy — the breeches pocket. They 
all but carried out the threat, made twelve years previously, 
of putting him in Pidcock's Menagerie, vide the following 
extracts from a contemporary pamphlet ' : — 

' The desire of all ranks to see him was excessive ; the 
guardboats were unable to prevent them from closing the 
ship, and it was amusement on board to look at the boats 
contending for places. Napoleon generally walked the 

' Iiifcrcstiiiq- Particulars of A'apokon^s Deportation for Life to St. Ileiciia, 
Cs'c. Lomlon, lSi6. Printed for \V. Hone. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 247 

quarterdeck about eleven in the forenoon, and half past 
six in the afternoon. He ate but two meals in the day, 
both alike, meat of every description, different wines, coffee, 
fruit, &c. Immediately after each meal he rose first, and 
the others followed ; he then either went on the quarter- 
deck or in the after-cabin to study. The comedy of The 
Poor Gentlejuan ' was performed before him ; he was much 
pleased at it ; it went off very well ; the scenery was good, 
but somewhat better dresses were wanted for the female 
midshipmen} 

' The immense number of persons who daily flock from 
all parts of the country to take a view of the person of 
Napoleon is incalculable. He generally gratified the 
public curiosity by making his appearance every afternoon 
for two hours. 

' Upwards of one thousand boats were from morning to 
night round the BelleropJwn. The seamen of the Beliero- 
pJioii adopted a curious mode to give an account to the 
curious spectators in the boats of the movements of Napo- 
leon. They wrote in chalk, on a board, which they ex- 
hibited, a short account of his different occupations — " At 
breakfast" — "In the cabin with Captain Maitland " — 
"Writing with his officers" — "Going to dinner" — "Coming 
upon deck," &c.' 

Las Cases says : ' It was known that he always ap- 
peared on deck towards five o'clock. A short time before 
this hour, all the boats collected alongside of each other ; 
there were thousands ; and so closeh' were tlicx' connected, 
that the water could no longer be seen between them. 
They looked more like a multitude assembled in a public 
square than anything else. When the Emperor came out, 
the noise and gestures of so man\' people presented a most 

' Ijy (ieorge Ciilnian liu; younijci'. 

''■ i.e. the ini'lslujiincn whu l(;o!< female purl.s. 



248 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

striking spectacle ; it was, at the same time, very easy to 
perceive that nothing hostile was meant, and that, if 
curiosity had brought them, they felt interested on going 
away. We could even see that the latter sentiment con- 
tinued to increase ; at first, people merely looked toward 
the ship, they ended by saluting ; some remained un- 
covered, and, occasionally, went so far as to cheer. Even 
our symbols began to appear amongst them. Several 
individuals of both sexes came decorated with red carna- 
tions.' 

Napoleon knew that St. Helena had been fixed upon 
as the place of his future residence, and did not at all relish 
the idea ; but it was not officially announced to him until 
July 30 or 31, when Lord Keith went on board the 
' Bcllerophon ' and presented him with the following de- 
spatch : — 

' Comiminication made by Lord Keith^ in the name of the 
English Ministers. 

'As it ma}', perhaps, be convenient for General Buona- 
parte to learn, without further delay, the intentions of the 
British Government with regard to him, your Lordship 
will communicate the following information. 

' It would be inconsistent with our duty towards our 
country and the Allies of his Majesty, if General Buona- 
parte possessed the means of again disturbing the repose 
of Europe. It is on this account, that it becomes abso- 
lutely necessary he should be restrained in his personal 
liberty, so far as this is required by the foregoing important 
object. 

' The island of St. Helena has been chosen as his future 
residence ; its climate is healthy, and its local position will 
allow of his being treated with more indulgence than could 
be admitted in any other spot, owing to the indispensable 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 249 

precautions which it would be necessary to employ for the 
security of his person. 

' General Buonaparte is allowed to select amongst those 
persons who accompanied him to England (with the ex- 
ception of Generals Savary and Lallemand) three officers, 
who, together with his surgeon, will have permission to 
accompany him to St. Helena ; these individuals will not 
be allowed to quit the island without the sanction of the 
British Government. 

' Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn, who is named 
Commander in Chief at the Cape of Good Hope, and seas 
adjacent, will convey General Buonaparte and his suite to 
St. Helena ; and he will receive detailed instructions rela- 
tive to the execution of this service. 

' Sir G. Cockburn will, most probably, be ready to sail 
in a few days ; for which reason, it is desirable that General 
Buonaparte should make choice of the persons who are to 
accompany him, without delay.' 

Of this interview Las Cases says : ' I was not called 
before the Emperor. The bearers of his sentence spoke 
and understood French ; they were admitted alone. I 
have since heard that he objected, and protested, with no 
less energy than logic, against the violence exercised on 
his person. " He was the guest of England," said Napo- 
leon, " and not its prisoner ; he came of his own accord to 
place himself under the protection of its laws ; the most 
sacred rights of hospitality were violated in his person ; he 
would never submit voluntaril}- to the outrage they were 
preparing for him : \iolcncc alone should oblige him to do 
so," &c.' 



250 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



CHAPTER LXI. 

NAPOLEON IS SENT ON TiOARD THE 'NORTHUMBERLAND' — HE PROTESTS 
AGAINST HIS EXILE — PUBLIC OPINION AS TO HIS TREATMENT. 

That the Government was in earnest, as to his departure, 
was soon shown, for orders came on August 4 for the 
' Bellerophon ' to weigh, and join the ' Northumberland,' 
which was the ship in which Napoleon was to take his 
passage to St. Helena. He issued a formal protest : — ■ 

I hereby solemnly protest in the face of heaven and mankind 
against the violence that is done me ; and the violation of my 
most sacred rights, in forcibly disposing of my person and liberty. 
I voluntarily came on board the Bellerophon — I am not the 
prisoner, I am the guest of England. I came at the instigation of 
the Ca})tain himself, who said he had orders from the Government 
to receive and convey me to England, together with my suite, if 
agreealjle to me. I came forward witli confidence to ])lace myself 
under the protection of the laws of Ijvjiland. When once on 
board the Bdkroplio}i^ I was entitled to the hospitality of the 
British peoiple. If the Ciovernment, in giving the Cajitain of tlie 
BelleriipJion orders to receive me and my followers, only wished to 
lay a snare, it has forfeited its honour, and disgraced its flag. 

If this act l)e consummated, it will be in vain for the English, 
henceforth, to talk of their sincerity, their laws, and liberties. 
British faith will have been lost in tlie hospitality of the Bclkroplio)!. 

I a])peal to History ; it will say, that an enemy, who made war 
for twenty )'ears against the English people, came S!)ontaneousIy, 
in the hour of misfortune, to seek an asylum under their laws. 
What more striking jjroof could he give of his esteem and con- 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 251 

fidence ? But how did England reply to such an act of magna- 
nimity ? It pretended to hold out a hospitable hand to this 
enemy : and on giving himself up with coniidence, he was 
immolated ! 

Napoleon. 
Bellerophoti, at Sea. Friday, Aug. 4th, 18 15. 

On the 6th they anchored off Start Point, and were 
soon joined by the ' Northumberland ' and two frigates, full 
of soldiers, who were to form the garrison of St. Helena. 
By order, their arms were taken from them, with the ex- 
ception of Napoleon, who was allowed to keep his sword ; 
all their money, diamonds, and saleable effects were put 
under seal ; but Napoleon might keep his plate, baggage, 
wines, and provisions. The search of his personal effects 
greatly exasperated him. 

Between one and two o'clock r.M. of the 7th, the trans- 
fer from the ' Bellerophon ' to the ' Northumberland ' was 
made, and then, as there was nothing else to wait for, 
' Caesar and his fortunes ' sailed for St. Helena. 

The 'Tim.es' (August 11, 181 5) has the following short 
leader : ' W'c trust that wc now, at last, take a long leave 
of Napoleox Buoxapartk, except that we ma}-, occa- 
sionally, have to instance him as an example of every 
crime, for the benefit of others : and, if the hand of man 
lias dealt too leniently b}^ his offences, it must not, on that 
occasion, be conceived that he is exempt from every other 
punishment. To what profession of faith he may now 
belong, wc Icnow not, as we believe he has been Atheist, 
Maliomctan, and Roman Catholic, in succession, as best 
sin'tcd the particular purpose of the moincnt : indeed, such 
was the inherent baseness of the man, notwithstanding his 
eminent talents, and incessant activit)', that he was in the 
habitual practice of the meanest arts of deception for the 
promotion of his interest, nc\-er blushing at the subsequent 



252 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

exposure of his falsehoods, or the discovery of his expe- 
dients, provided they had first promoted the object he had 
in view. 

' Yet if he is still a man, he must, now that he is re- 
duced to solitude and leisure, have some religion or other 
engraven in his soul, that will make him feel compunction 
for the many horrible atrocities of which he has been 
guilty. It is said that he needs incessant exercise for the 
relief of his bilious complaint ; perhaps, also, he may now 
first discover that he has need of incessant bustle also, in 
order to abstract his attention from a certain mental 
malady, called an evil conscience. In the midst of the 
horror which his crimes always excited in well-constituted 
minds, throughout Europe, there was a certain mixture of 
contempt, or derision, excited by the little knaveries which 
he practised, and the same feeling will not fail to mingle 
itself in this the closing scene of his drama, on observing 
the attendants of such a man, who had been used to sport 
with oaths, to laugh at engagements, to make a mockery 
of religion, to commit or direct murder in all its forms, 
from the midnight assassination, up to the boundless 
slaughter of the tented field, anxious to provide for the 
amusement of his, and their, declining years, by a stock of 
cards, domino and backgammon tables.' 

Whilst they are on their journey, we will just glance at 
the few remaining caricatures. 

'The Ex-Emperor in a bottle' is a somewhat serious, 
and well-executed, engraving (August 25, 18 15). Napoleon 
is enclosed in a glass bottle, which the Prince Regent, who 
wears a superb hussar uniform, has just sealed with a seal 
bearing the imprint of a cannon and the legend Martial 
AcJiicveuicnts ; around arc grouped the figures named in the 
following verses — Louis the Eighteenth being on his knees, 
his eyes being raised in pious thankfulness to Heaven. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 253 

Ambition's dread career at length is o'er, 
And weeping Europe hopes for peace once more ; 
Sov'reigns in arms, at length the world have freed, 
And Britain's warlike sons no more shall bleed : 
The great Napoleon now resigns his sway, 
And in a bottle seal'd is borne away. 

England's great Prince, whom Europe does confess 
The potent friend of Freedom in distress, 
With Allies brave, to the world impartial, 
Seal'd up their foe with Acliiei'ements martial, 
That he no more disturb the tranquil World, 
Nor be again his bloody flag unfurl'd. 

'Twas Alexander great, of generous mind. 
With zealous Frederick, who to peace inclined, 
Resolv'd with Francis, in propitious hour. 
To free old Gallia from the Despot's power. 
Her tyrannic Lord from rule is driven, 
And grateful Louis offers thanks to Heaven. 

The Martial Heroes next a tribute claim, 
First Wellington, immortal is his fame : 
And Bliicher, who, for valour long renown'd, 
Compell'd the Tyrant's legions to give ground : 
The cautious Swartzenberg, of wise delays. 
And the brave Platoff, ask their share of praise. 

' The downfall of Tyranny and return of Peace ' is 
by George Cruikshank, and, although not dated, is un- 
doubted!}' of the autumn of 181 5. Justice, with a flaming 
sword, has banished Napoleon to his rock of St. Helena, 
where, chained, he is seized upon by the fiend as his own. 
lY^acc with her olive branch, Plenty^ with her cornucoi)ia, 
Agriculture and Commerce, arc welcomed b)' l^ritannia 
with open arms. 

Marks (August 1815; drew 'The bL.xilc of St. Helena, 



54 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



or Boney's Meditation,' in which there is a fairly accurate 
delineation of the Rocky Island and its little town. Napo- 















•v 



.:i/ 



f y'/9&^ii 






/ / 
" ) 



A. 






-x 



i-^i 






>f. '^-^^ '..,■ 



1 'X - 



i L '^i 



UONF.Y'S meditations on the island of ST. HELENA. (AUGUST 18(5.; 
The Devil addressiiic; the Sun. — Paradise Lost, I!ook IV. 



Icon is standing with his feet astride, each planted on a 
rock on cither side the bay ; he weeps copiously, and the 
expression of his countenance is very rueful. 

' Napoleon's trip from Elba to Paris, and from Paris to 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 255 

St. Helena ' is the title of three engravings on one sheet, 
by G. Cruikshank (September i, 181 5). In the first com- 
partment is shown the battle of Waterloo, with the F'rench 
army in full flight. Napoleon is seated on the French 
Eagle, which, however, has but one wing, for, as it mourn- 
fully observes, ' My left wing has entirely disappeared.' 
The Emperor, whose crown and sceptre have fallen from 
him, clutches the bird round the neck, exclaiming : ' Sauve 
qui peut — the Devil take the hindmost — Run, my boys, 
your Emperor leads the way — My dear eagle, only con- 
duct me safe to Paris this time, as you did from Moscow 
and Leipsig, and I'll never trouble you again — Oh! d— n 
that Wellington ! ' 

The middle picture shou's Napoleon in the stern gallery 
of the ' Bcllerophon,' talking to John Bull, who sits by his 
fireside placidly smoking his pipe as usual. Says the ex- 
Emperor : ' My most powerful and generous cnem}-, how 
do you do ? I come, like Themistocles, to scat myself 
upon your hearth — I am \cry glad to see you.' John Bull 
replies : ' So am I glad to see you Mr. Boney, but I'll be 
d — d if you sit upon my hearth, or any part of my house 
— it has cost me a pretty round sum to catch }'ou, Mr. 
Themistocles, as \^ou call yourself, but now I have got you, 
I'll take care of \-ou.' 

The third is a sad one. Napoleon is at St. Helena, 
reduced to the sport of catching rats. Across his breast he 
wears a broad leather scarf, co\'crcd with brass rats, and sits 
moodily before a baited trap, into which the rats decline 
to enter. He thus soliloquises : — 

Alas I that I wIkj caii,uht Imperial flats, 
Shfnild now sit here; to watch tlicse scurvy rats. 
I. wlio Madrid, IJcrlin, \'icr.na, Moscow, took. 
Am doom'd, with cheese, to hait a rusty ]:(;ok: ! 



2S6 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

Was it for this I tried to save my bacon, 
To use it now for Rats, that won't be taken ? 
Curse their wise souls ! I had not half such trouble 
Their European brethren to bubble. 
When I, myself, was hail'd as Emperor Nap, 
Emperors and Kings I had within my trap : 
And to this moment might have kept them there, 
Had I not gone to hunt the Russian bear. 

One of his suite sees a rat coming : ' Ah ! mon Dieu ! 
Dere, your Majesty, dere be do vilain rogues — Ah, mon- 
sieur rat, why you not pop your nose into de trap, and let 
de august Emperor catch you .'' ' A female attendant, with 
a slice of bacon on a fork, says, ' Will your Majesty be 
please to try dis bit of bacon .'' Ah ! de cunning rascal ! 
Dere ! ma foi ! he sniff at de bacon.' 

'General Sans Pareil ' (September i, 1815) is an ex- 
tremely elaborate picture, far too much so for reproduction ; 
therefore it will be better to give the description at the 
foot of the figure : ' The above Portrait of Buonaparte, 
may be considered as an emblematical Index of his extra- 
ordinary Life. The Design reflects the highest credit on 
the Artist, who is a Frenchman : he has judiciously formed 
the Hat of the different Croivns which Buonaparte placed 
on other Men's Heads. The position of the forefinger and 
thumb are particularly deserving of notice, with the words 
Morcau and Pichegni on them, indicating that Morean was 
his guide or finger-post to all his victories ; and the word 
Pidicgru being on his thumb, is meant to imply that he 
always had him in view as being one great obstacle to his 
rising greatness ; while in the other hand he holds a nooze, 
or rope, as the means of ridding himself of so formidable 
an enemy. The words on his l^rcast arc the names of the 
different kingdoms he has overrun or conquered. His 
Waistcoat is ornamented with the figures of the different 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 257 

Kings he had made ; the French call them "La folia 
fabrique de sire " : indicative, that while the dark clouds of 
despotism hung over Buonaparte's empire, his Kings re- 
flected their borrowed lustre ; but when once the Sun of 
universal restitution darted forth its rays, they melted " like 
wax before the sun." The artist has well contrived to put 
the little King of Rome, as a monkey, above the heads of 
the other Kings. The Bales and Casks of Goods, on his 
left thigh, denote the stoppage of Trade which his system 
of warfare had brought on the French People. The Beet 
root refers to the Decree issued for making Sugar of that 
plant, when he had lost all his West India Possessions. 
On his legs are represented Skulls, symbolic of Death, who 
accompanied him wherever he trod — His sword, which so 
often paralyzed the world, and conquered with a rapidity 
hitherto unknown, is placed in the form of a Comet or 
Meteor. Such is this brief and imperfect delineation of 
the above extremely curious and interesting Portrait.' 

' Boxiana— or the P'ancy ' (artist unknown), October 1, 
18 1 5, shows the popular idea of the treatment Napoleon 
received. The gross, corpulent Prince Regent has thrown 
down his traditional three feathers, and is, like the ex- 
Emperor, stripped for the fight. Napoleon is on tlic 
ground, and the Regent is kicking him. A sweep has 
picked up one of the Prince's feathers, and shows it to 
Napoleon's backer, sa^'ing, ' Master, I found a white 
feather.' The backer calls out, ' Foul ! foul ! by all the 
rules of honor ! why even blackcy cries shame.' A negro, 
who is acting as bottle-holder, cries out : — 

What, IJcn, my big licro, is tliis thy renown ? 
Is this tlie new go? Rick a man when lie's down ! 
When the foe has kiiock'd under, to tread on liim then, 
V>)- the fist of my father, I hhish for thee, lien ! 

The Regent's b;icker exi)lains, * lie's onI\' kicking, to 
VOL. H. S 



2r8 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

try if there's any honor there, Blackey.' One of the spec- 
tators imagines that ' Themistocles will be well treated if 
we can find any honor in him ! ' Another says, ' Or we 
must send Themistocles to acquire honor at Botany.' 

A French spectator turns to an Englishman, saying, 
' Ah, je vois, you be dc Jentclman ! n'est ce pas bien 

Sauvagc, Sare ? ' The reply is, ' Bicn shove a e ! No, 

d e ! mounseer, I think it more like kicking than 

shoving.' Another astonished looker-on exclaims, ' Vy, 
Charly, vot sort of a go d'you call this .'' ' And a French- 
man advises his defeated -champion, ' Vy you no go to de 
Russia, you only get little squeeze.' 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 259 



CHAPTER LXII. 

VOYAGE TO ST. HELENA— CESSATION OF CARICATURES. 

The 'Northumberland ' crossed the Line on September 23, 
and the sailors had their then usual bit of fun. Neptune 
and Amphitrite came on board, and Napoleon's suite were 
introduced to them in a ceremonious and courtly manner, 
escaping the usual ordeal by some small presents to their 
Majesties. Napoleon, of course, was sacred, and, when 
he was told of the extreme, and unusual, tenderness with 
which his followers had been treated, he wanted to give the 
crew a hundred napoleons ; but the admiral would not allow 
it. The caricaturist, however, gives a different version of 
the affair. 

' Boney crossing the Line ' is by Marks (September 
181 5), and illustrates the rough sports which then obtained 
on board sb.ip. Napoleon, blindfolded, is thrown into a 
tub, where he is being subjected to the usual rough usage, 
at the command of Neptune, who, with his spouse, arc 
drawn on a gun-carriage by sailors. Neptune sa}'s, 'I 
Cfjininand }'Ou'l cleanse him from his iniciuitics.' Poor 
l^jnc}- little likes his treatment, ' I no like dc luiglish \-alet 
dc Chambre, Have mercy.' Two French generals stand 
b}-, blindfolded, ready to undergo the same treatment. 
(_)ne says, ' I wish de Dirty Job was over ; ' the other, ' Pe 
gar, inc no like dc shaving shop.' Ikit a sailor remarks to 
them, ' Have Patience Gentlemen, and we'll sha\'e )'ou 



26o 



ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 



directly, and give you a good lathering as Old Blucher 
did ! ! ! ' 

The last caricature I shall reproduce is called ' Fast 
Colours, Patience on a monument smiling at grief, or the 







FAST COLOURS. 



Royal Laundress washing Boney's Court dresses (G. H. 
inv^ G. Cruikshank fec*^ October 26, 181 5).' It shows the 
poor fatuous Bourbon trying to wash out the tricolour, thus 
bemoaning the task : ' Bless me, \\o\n fast these colours are, 
I'm afraid I shall not get them zvhitc} altho' I have got 
such a strong lather.' Napoleon, seated on his rocky 
home, says, ' Ha, ha ! such an old woman as}-ou, may rub a 
long while before they'll be all zuliite, for they are tricoloiircd 
in grain' There is another print of the same date and 
subject, uncoloured, which has the addition of Wellington, 
Russia, Prussia, and Austria stirring linen in a copper of 
Holy Water. 

P'rom this time the caricatures of Napoleon practically 
ceased ; and, in the collection of prints in the British 
Museum, I can find but two more, published in 18 16 — • 
the ' Mat dc Cocagnc ' and ' Royal Christmas boxes ' — both 
of which arc too silly to reproduce or describe. It is to 
the credit of the F,ngHsh, that, in this instance, they re- 
spected the fallen. Napoleon had been captured, disarmed, 



' The Uo'.irbon colour. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 261 

and held in safe durance, and from that tuTie, until his 
death, we hear but very little of him, and none of that news 
is either satirical or spiteful. Clearly, therefore, this book 
ends here. It has nothing to do with the voyage to St. 
Helena, or with the perpetual squabbles of Napoleon and 
his suite with Sir Hudson Lowe, which are fully recorded 
by O'Meara and Las Cases. To all intents and purposes, 
Napoleon was dead to the English when he left our shores ; 
and when he passed to his rest on May 5, 1821, all 
animosity died with him. Years had even tamed the bitter 
scribes of the ' Times,' as is evidenced by the leader in that 
paper (July 5, 1821) announcing and commenting on his 
decease : — 

' Thus terminates in exile, and in prison, the most extra- 
ordinary life yet known to political history. The vicissi- 
tudes of such a life, indeed, are the most valuable lessons 
which history can furnish. Connected with, and founded 
on, the principles of his character, the varieties of fortune 
which Buonaparte experienced are of a nature to illustrate 
the most useful maxims of benevolence, patriotism, or dis- 
cretion. They embrace both extremes of the condition 
of man in society, and therefore address themselves to all 
ranks of human beings. But Buonaparte was our enemy 
— our defeated enemy — and, as Englishmen, we must not 
tarnish our triumphs over the living warrior by unmanly 
injustice towards the dead. 

' The details of his life are notorious, and wc omit them. 
The community of which Buonaparte was in his early days 
a member, and the military education which he received, may, 
independently of any original bias of character, have laid 
the foundation of the greatness to which he attained, and 
of that mischievous application of unbridled power, through 
which he fell very nearly to the level whence he first had 
started. Nothing could be more corrupt than the morals 



262 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

of military society among the French before the Revolu- 
tion — nothing more selfish, or contracted, than the views 
(at all times) of a thoroughbred military adventurer. 

'Buonaparte came into active life with as much (but we 
have no reason to think a larger share of) lax morality 
and pure selfishness as others of his age and calling. The 
public crisis into which he was thrown, gave to profound 
selfishness the form of insatiable ambition. With talents 
and enterprise beyond all comparison greater than any 
against which he had to contend, he overthrew whatever 
opposed his progress. Thus, ambition in him was more 
conspicuous than others, only because it was more success- 
ful. He became a sovereign. How, then, was this pupil 
of a military school prepared to exercise the functions of 
sovereignty .-' An officer, as such, has no idea of divided 
power. His patriotism is simply love of his troops and his 
profession. He will obey commands — he will issue them 
— but, in both cases, those commands are absolute. Talk 
to him of deliberation, of debate, of freedom of action, of 
speech, nay, of opinion — his feeling is, that the body to 
which any of these privileges shall be accessible, must fall 
into confusion, and be speedily destroyed. 

* Whatever pretexts may have been resorted to by 
Buonaparte — -whatever Jacobin yells he may have joined 
in, to assist his own advance towards power — every subse- 
quent act of his life assures us, that the military preposses- 
sions in which he was educated, became those by which he 
was influenced as a statesman ; and we are well persuaded 
of his conviction, that it was impossible for any country, 
above all, for France, to be governed otherwise than by 
one sole authority — undivided and unlimited. It may, we 
confess, be no satisfaction to the French, nor any great 
consolation to the rest of Europe, to know through what 
means it was, or by what vicious training, that Buonaparte 



aV NAPOLEON THE FIR3T. 263 

was fitted, nay, predestined almost, to be a scourge and 
destroyer of the rights of nations, instead of employing a 
power irresistible, and which, in such a cause, none would 
have felt disposed to resist, for the promotion of knowledge, 
peace, and liberty throughout the world. 

' In hinting at what we conceive to be the fact, how- 
ever, we are bound by regard for truth ; our business is 
not to apologize for Buonaparte ; but, so far as may be 
done within the brief limits of a newspaper, to analyze, and 
faithfully describe, him. The factions, also, which he was 
compelled to crush, and whose overthrow obtained for him 
the gratitude of his country, still threatened a resurrection 
when the compressing force should be withdrawn. Hence 
were pretexts furnished on behalf of despotism of which 
men, more enlightened, and better constituted, than Buona- 
parte, might not soon have discovered the fallacy. Raised to 
empire at home, his ambition sought for itself fresh aliment ; 
and foreign conquest was at once tempting and easy. 

' Here the natural reflection will obtrude itself — what 
might not this extraordinary being have effected for the 
happiness of mankind, and for his own everlasting fame 
and grandeur, had he used but a moiety of the force, or 
perseverance, in generous efforts to relie\-e the oppressed 
which he wasted in rendering himself the monopolist and 
patron of oppression ! l^ut he had left himself no resource. 
He had extinguished liberty in France, and had no hold 
upon his subjects, but their love of military glor}'. Con- 
quest, therefore, succeeded to conquest, until nothing capa- 
ble of subjugation was left to be subdued. Insolence, and 
rapacit}', in the \-ictor, ]5n')duced, among the enslaved na- 
ti'jns, impatience of their miscr\-, and a thirst for vengeance. 
Injustice undermined itself, and Buonaparte, with his un- 
seasoned empire, fell together, the pageant (jf a da\'. 

' His jnilitary administration was marked b\- strict and 



264 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

impartial justice. He had the art, in an eminent degree, 
of inciting the emulation, and gaining the affections of his 
troops. He was steady and faithful in his friendships, and 
not vindictive, on occasions where it was his power to be 
so with impunity. 

' Of the deceased Emperor's intellectual, and charac- 
teristic, ascendency over men, all the French, and some of 
the other nations besides the French, who had an oppor- 
tunity of approaching him, can bear witness. He seems to 
have possessed the talent, not merely of command, but, 
when he pleased, of conciliation and persuasion. With 
regard to his religious sentiments, they were, perhaps, of 
the same standard as those of other Frenchmen starting 
into manhood at a time when Infidel writings had so 
domineered over the popular mind, that revealed religion 
was become a public laughing stock, and in a country 
where the pure Christian faith was perplexed with subtilties, 
overloaded with mummeries, and scandalized and dis- 
countenanced by a general looseness of morals. Upon the 
whole, Buonaparte will go down to posterity as a man, who, 
having more good at his disposal than any other potentate 
of any former age, had actually applied his immense means 
to the production of a greater share of mischief and misery 
to his fellow creatures— one who, on the basis of F"rench 
liberty, might have founded that of every other State 
in Europe — but who carried on a series of aggressions 
against foreign States to divert the minds of his own 
subjects from the sense of their domestic slavery ; thus 
imposing on foreign nations a necessity for arming to shake 
off his yoke, and affording to foreign despots a pretext for 
following his example. 

' The sensation produced by the death of Buonaparte 
will be a good deal confined, in this country, to its effects 
as a partial relief to our finances, the expense of his custody 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 265 

at St. Helena being little short of 400,000/. per annum. / 
In France, the sentiment will be more deep and complex, 
and, perhaps, not altogether easy to define. The practical 
consequence of such an event may be remotely guessed at 
by those who have had occasion to watch, in other Govern- 
ments, the difference between a living and an extinct 
Pretender. A pretext for suspicion and severity in the 
administration of affairs may be taken away by a Pre- 
tender's death ; but then, a motive to moderation — a terror, 
now and then salutary, of popular feelings being excited in 
the Pretender's favour by misgovern ment — is, at the same 
time, removed from the minds of reigning Princes. Buona- 
parte's son still lives, it is true ; but how far he may ever 
become an object of interest with any great party of the 
P^rcnch nation, is a point on which we will not speculate.' 

The last individual memorial I can find of Napoleon, 
in a popular form, was published by Hone in ]May 1821. 
It is a black-edged sheet, having, as heading, profile por- 
traits of Napoleon, !Maria Louisa, and the King of Rome, 
and down the sides four full-length portraits of Napoleon. 
It is called : — 

}.Iemorial 

Ol' 

XAPOLEOX 

Born 15 Aug. 1769. Died 5 May 1S21. 

He put his foot on the neck of Kings, who would have put 
their yokes upon the necks of the People : he scattered before 
him \vith fiery execution, millions of hired slaves, who came at the 
bidding of their Masters to deny the right of others to be free. 
The monument of greatness and of Glory he erected, was raised 
on ground forfeited again and again to humanity — it reared its 
majestic front on the ruins of the shattered liopes and broken 
faith of the common enemies of mankind. If he could not secure 



266 EAGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE 

the freedom, peace, and happiness of his country, he made her a 
terror to those who by sowing civil dissension, and exciting foreign 
wars, would not let her enjoy those blessings. They who had 
trampled upon Liberty could not at least triumph in her shame 
and her despair, but themselves became objects of pity and deri- 
sion. Their determination to persist in extremity of wrong, only 
brought on themselves repeated defeat, disaster, and dismay : the 
accumulated aggressions their infuriated pride and disappointed 
malice meditated against others, returned in just and aggravated 
punishment upon themselves : they heaped coals of fire upon 
their own heads : they drank deep and long, in gall and bitterness, 
of the poisoned chalice they had prepared for others : the de- 
struction with which they had threatened a people daring to call 
itself free, hung suspended over their heads, like a precipice, ready 
to fall upon and crush them. 'Awhile they stood abashed,' ab- 
stracted from their evil purposes, and felt how awful Freedom is, 
its power how dreadful. Shrunk from the boasted pomp of royal 
state into their littleness as men, defeated of their revenge, baulked 
of their prey, their schemes stripped of their bloated pride, and 
with nothing left but the deformity of their malice, not daring to 
utter a syllable or move a finger, the lords of the earth, who had 
looked upon men as of an inferior species, born for their use, and 
devoted to be their slaves, turned an imploring eye to the People, 
and with coward hearts and hollow tongues invoked the Name of 
Liberty, thus to get the people once more within their unhallowed 
grip, and to stifle the name of Liberty for ever. 

He withstood the inroads of Legitimacy, this new Jaggernaut, 
this foul lilatant Beast, as it strode forward to its prey over the 
bodies and minds of a whole People, and put a ring in its nostrils, 
breathing flame and blood, and led it in triumph, and played 
with its crowns and sceptres, and wore them in its stead, and 
tamed its crested pride, and made it a laughing stock and a 
mockery to the nations. He, one man, did this, and as long as 
he did this (how or for what end, is nothing to the magnitude of 
this mighty cjuestion) he saved the human race from the last 
ignominy, and that foul stain that had been so long intended, and 
was at last, in an evil hour, and by e\'il hands, inflicted on it. 



ON NAPOLEON THE FIRST. 267 

If Napoleon was a conqueror, he conquered the Grand Con- 
spiracy of KixGS against the abstract right of the Human Race to 
he free. If he was ambitious, his greatness was not founded 
on the unconditional, avowed surrender of the rights of human 
nature. But, with him, the state of Man rose exalted too. If 
he was arbitrary and a tyrant, first, France as a country was in 
a state of military blockade, on garrison duty, and not to be 
defended by mere paper bullets of the brain ; secondly, but chief, 
he was not, nor could he become, a tyrant by ' right divine.' 
Tyranny in him was not ' sacred ' : it was not eternal : it was not 
instinctively bound in league of amity with other tyrannies : it 
was not sanctioned by all ' the laws of religion and Morality.' 

Hazlitt. 

Disgusting crew ! 7i'Iio would not gladly fly 
To open, downright, boldfac'd tyranny. 
To honest guilt that dares do all but lie, 
From the false juggling craft of men like these. 
Their canting crimes, and varnish'd villanies ; 
These Holy Leaguers, who then loudest boast 
Of faith and honour when they've stain'd them most ; 
From whose affection men should shrink as loath 
As from their hate, for they'll be fleec'd by both ; 
Who, even while plund'ring, forge Religion's name 
To frank their spoil, and, without fear or shame, 
Call down the Holy Trinity to bless 
Partition leagues, and deeds of devilishness ! 

Moore. 

Even his old enemy, George Cruikshank, whose pecu- 
liarly impetuous temper had found a free ^-ent in caricatur- 
inc( Napoleon, left off doing so when he was in safe keeping, 
and only designed (m a publication called the 'Omnibus') 
a ' Monument to Napoleon ' when he died. In a note to 
this design he say.s, ' As for me, who have skeletonised him 
prematurely, paring down the prodigy even to his hat and 



263 ENGLISH CARICATURE AND SATIRE. 

boots, I have but " carried out " a principle adopted almost 
in my boyhood, for I can scarcely remember the time when 
I did not take some patriotic pleasure in persecuting the 
great enemy of England. Had he been less than that, I 
should have felt compunction for my cruelties ; having 
tracked him through snow and through fire, by flood and 
by iield, insulting, degrading, and deriding him everywhere, 
and putting him to several humiliating deaths. All that 
time, however, he went on " overing " the Pyramids and 
the Alps, as boys " over " posts, and playing at leapfrog 
with the sovereigns of Europe, so as to kick a crown off at 
every spring he made — together with many crowns, and 
sovereigns, into my coffers. Deep, most deep, in a per- 
sonal view of matters, are my obligations to the agitator — 
but what a debt the country oiucs to Jiwi ! ' 






g^ 



7^ 



INDEX. 



ABE 
A r.ERCROMBIE, Sir Ralph, i. 

143 

Achamliau, i. 217 

Addington, i. 150, 163, 164, 165, 

171, 177 
Addington, Hc!y, i. 177 
Aliieri, i. I 

Allessandria, Senator, i. 2 
Allies, treaty of, ii. 229 
Amiens, Treaty of, i. 149, 151 
Anagrams, &c. , on Xapoleon's 

name, i. 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 
Andreossi, (leneral, i. 176 
Ansell, ciricatiirist, i. 74. 150, 152, 

15S, 164, 16S, 170, 172, 176, 

1S7, 202, 223, 227, 2S2, 290 ; 

ii. S-14, 16, 17. 10, K],, 58, 61 

63, 66, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 79, 

^4- 97 
Apocalyptic llea^t, the, coniiected 

with Xai'ole-on, i. g, 10, 11, 12, 

13 
Areola, bat;le of, i. 44 
Argv'.s, carii\a!'ari<t. ii. 37, 51, 60 
Armistead. or .Vrm-tead, Mrs. fafter- 

wanls Mrs. I'ox), i. 157 
Anns i)f the IJonaparts, i. 2 
Army (if l\ngland,' the, i. 52. 53 
Army of fa/^land,' withdrawal of, 

"■ 43. 44 
.\riai,d, ('hr\'ali(_-r, i. 2 
.-\' rn'-i'iL-s iif llruL.is Xapi ileni,- Ali 

j;i;..;-!airir!e, i. 258 
Au'' I i Ml ani!.:'.-sador's drive throng ii 

r-iis, i. 162 



ELO 
T) ARCLAV de Tolly, ii. 126 

ISarras, i, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 

3S, 39, 40, 41, 43, 52, 53, 217, 

21S 
Bassano, battle of, i. 44 
Bathurst, Bragge, i. 177 
Beauharnais, Eugene de, i. 32, SS, 

21S ; ii. 20S 
r>eauharnais, Fanny, i. 218 
Beaulieu (Austrian Genera'), i. 43 
Bedford, Dake of, i. 54, 56, 57, 

72, 152 ^ 
Beer brewed in London in 1796, i. 

47 
llelliard. General, i. 143 
Lernadotte, ii. 16S, 221 
Berry, Captain, piL->ented with 

the freedom of the City of 

London, i. 72 
Berthier, M.irsiial. i. 45, 46, 96, 

105, 112, 217 ; ii. II t. 112, 1 14, 

191 
Bertliollet, Claude Louis, Comte, 

i. 112 
Bi ha, La, great-grandmother 01 

Xapoleon, i. 5. 6 
T!irth, d,-te of Xanolcnn's, i. 13, 14 
Bisset, Lames. caricaturi>t. ii. 21 
Blackhall, Thomas, Lord Ma\..rof 

London, i. 46 
Blanquet's, A'irniial. sword sent 

as a present to the Cnrporati' ai 

of the City of Lon'h.n, i. 71 
J;incdsade of Ihigland, ii. 62, 63, 

64, 66, 75 



270 



INDEX. 



BLU 

Bliicher, Marshal, ii. 184, 187, 188, 
194, 196, 197, 205, 206, 207, 
211, 219, 225, 228, 230, 243 

Bob Rousem's Epistle to Bonypart, 

i- 237 
Bonapart, Hugo, i. 3 
Bonaparte, Caroline, Queen of 

Naples, ii. 112, 120 
Bonaparte, Celtruda, Napoleon's 

godmother, i. 14 
Bonaparte and Talleyrand, i. 2S7 
Bonaparte, Jacopo, i. 2 
Bonaparte, Jerome, i. 217 ; ii. 53 
Bonaparte, Joseph, i. 124, 217 ; ii. 

53, 80, 81,85, ^58^143, 150, 151- 

195 
Bonaparte, Lretitia (Napoleon's 
mother), i. 14, 15, 16, 17, 43, 
218 ; ii. 142, 207 

Bonaparte, Louis, i. 2, 217 ; ii. 
24, 53> 116 

Bonaparte, Lucien, i. 31, 124, 217 

lionaparte. Napoleon. (6"^'^? Napo- 
leon.) 

]]oiiaparte, Trial of, i. 267 

Bonaparte's .Soliloquy at Calais, i. 
269 

Bonaparte's ^ViIl, i. 216 

Bonduca, or Boadicea, i. 213 

Boney and Talley, i. 273 

' Boney and the Gay Lads of 
Paris,' &c., ii. 147 

Boney's, ^^a^ter, Hearty Welcome 
to England, i. 207 

Bourrienne, De (Louis Antoine Fau- 
velet), i. 32, 88, 138 ; ii. 100 

Bouvet, Admiral, i. 46 

Bread, comiiulsory adulteration of, 
i. 141 ; price of, in 1796, 47 ; in 
1797, 53; in 1798, 81 ; in 1799, 
125 ; in kSoi, 142 ; receipt to 
adulterate, 142 ; stale by law, 
142 

Bricnne, military school at, i. 19, 
22 

Ihiiwns, Stril.e Home I i. 213, 214 

I'.iitons, to Anns 1 i. 224, 225 

];rol;dingnaL;. N'oyage to, i. 285 



C.\R 

Brunei, the actor, makes fun of the 
Flotilla, i. 143, 144 

Buona, Carlos, great-grandfather of 
Napoleon, i. 5, 6 

Buona, Joseph, grandfather of Napo- 
leon, i. 6 

Burdett, .Sir Francis, i. 72, 152 ; 
ii. 116 

Burghersh, Lord, ii. 215 



PADOUDAL, Georges, ii. 7, 9 
Cairo, revolt £t, i. 77, 78 ; 
capitulation of, 143 

Cambaceres, i. 125; ii. 12 

Cann, designer of ' Violettes du 20 
Mars 181 5,' ii. 209 

Canova, i. i 

Carabas, Jllanjttis of, i. 24 

Caricatures, titles of, vol. i. — 

' The French Bugabo,' 50, 
51 ; 'The .Storm Rising, or the 
Republican Flotilla in Danger,' 
54; 'The Consequences of a 
Successful P'rench Livasion,' 55 ; 
' We ex]")laiu de Rights of Man 
to de Noblesse,' 55 ; ' We fly on 
the wings of the wind to save the 
Irish Catholics from persecution,' 
55 ; ' Me teach de English Re- 
publicans to vvoric,' 55; 'The 
Shrine of St. yVnne's Flill,' 56 ; 
'Anticipation, Ways and Means, 
or Buonajmrtc really taken,' 58 ; 
' Extirpation of the Plagues of 
Egypt ; — Destruction of Revolu- 
tionary Crocodiles;— or, The 
British Hero cleansing y Mouth 
of y Nile,' 73 ; 'The Gallant 
Nellson bringing liome two un- 
common fierce l""rench Crocodiles 
from the Nik- as a iircsent to the 
^■^i"g)' 73 ; ' ^^ terrible Turk jire- 
paring a Mummy for ■xprcsciil to 
the (band Nation,' 74; ' folm 
Bull taking a luncheon, or British 
Cooks cramming old Cnt»iblc 
Gr.zard with iJonne Chcre,' 75 ; 



INDEX. 



271 



CAR 

' Destruction of the French Co- 
lossus,' 76 ; ' High fun for John 
Bull, or the Republicans put to 
their last shift,' 78 ; ' Fight- 
ing for the Dunghill— or — Jack 
Tar settling Buonaparte,' 79 ; 
' Buonaparte hearing of Nelson's 
Victory, swears by his sword 
to extirpate the English from off 
the Earth. See Buonaparte's 
Speech to the French Army at 
Cairo, published by Authority of 
the Directory in Volney's Letters.' 
80 ; ' The Ghost of Buonaparte 
appearing to the Directory,' 82 ; 
' Siege de la Colonne de Pompee 
or Science in the Pillory,' 85 ; 
' L'Insurrection de I'lnstitut Am- 
phibie — The pursuit of Know- 
ledge,' 86 ; ' Allied Powers, 
unbooting Egalite,' III ; 'Bona- 
parte leaving Egypt,' I16 ; ' Exit 
Libertc a la Francais ! or Bona- 
parte closing the Farce of Egalite 
at Saint Cloud, near Paris, No- 
vember loth, 1799,' 122; ' Satan's 
return from Earth. Discovered 
in Council with Belzelnib and 
Belial— a Sketch after Fuseli I ! !" 
123; 'The French Triumvirate 
settling the New Constitution,' 
125 ; ' The Apples and the Horse 
dung, or Buonaparte among the 
Golden Pippins,' 12S ; 'Demo- 
cracy, or a Sketch of the life of 
Buonaparte,' iS, 23, 62, 129 ; 
' Negolialirjn See Saw,' 144; 
'John Bull's Prayers to Peace, 
or the Flight of I^iscord,' 145 ; 
' Tile Child and Cham|)ion ()f 
Tac(jl)iiii>ni new Christened (vide 
I'itt's Sj)eech),' 150; 'Political 
ilrL-aniiiigs — \'i^ions of Peace — 
Perspective horrors 1 ' 150 ; ' The 
I'alaiiie of Power,' 150; 'A 
(irniie at ( hess between Pon:i- 
iiirte ani] Lord Cornwallis,' 152 ; 
Cru.-,.--exa:nin.alioi),' 132; 'The 



CAR 

National Institute's first Interview 
with their President,' 152; 'A 
Peaceable Pipe, or a Consular 
Visit to lohn Bull,' 153; 'A 
Trip to Paris, or John Bull and 
his Spouse, invited to the Honors 
of the Sitting! !' 153 ; 'The 
Consular Warehouse, or a Great 
Man nail'd to the Counter,' 154 ; 

* The Corsican Conjurer raising 
the plagues of Europe,' 154; 
' Parcelling out John Bull,' 155 ; 

* Introduction of Citizen Volpone, 
and his Suite at Paris,' 156 ; 
' English Patriots bowing at the 
Shrine of Despotism,' 158 ; ' Tak- 
ing leave,' 159; 'Lord Whit- 
worth's Coachman at Paris,' 160 ; 
' A peep at the Lion,' 160 ; ' The 
first kiss these ten Years ! or the 
meeting of Britannia and Citizen 
Francois,' 161 ; ' German Non- 
chalance, or the vexation of little 
Boney. Vide the Diplomatique's 
late Journey througli Paris,' 162 ; 
'Leap frog,' 163; 'The Evacu- 
ation of Malta,' 163 ; ' Rival 
Gardeners,' 164; ' Pliysical Aid, 
or, Britannia recoveiVl from a 
Trance, also the Patriotic Courage 
of Merry An Irew, and a peep 
thro' the Fog,' 165 ; ' The Politi- 
cal Cocks,' 16S ; ' An Attempt 
to swallow the World,' 16S ; 
'John ]ju11 teased Ijy an Earwig,' 
169 ; ' I-^asier to say than to do,' 
169 ; ' An Attempt to undermine 
Tuhn Bull, or working through 
tb.e GIol)e,' 169: 'A Stoppage 
to a Stride over the Glolie,' 170 ; 
' The (io\-ern(jr (if Europe, Sloped 

in his career, or Little B n 

too much for great B te,' 

170; 'John Hull listening to the 
(iuarreb of State affairs,' 170; 
' 1 doctor Sangrado curing John 
ilull of Repletion, with the Kind 
oikces of }'oung Clyster pipe and 



INDEX. 



CAR 

little Boney. A hint from Gil 
Bias,' 171 ; ' Britannia repre- 
manding a Naughty Boy I ' 171 ; 
' Lunar Speculations,' 172 ; ' Ul- 
timatum, or the Ambassador 
taking proper steps,' 175 ; 'The 
Bone of Contention,' 176 ; ' The 
Bone of Contention, or the Eng- 
lish Bulldog and the Corsican 
Monkey,' 176; 'Armed Heroes,' 
177 ; 'A Little Man Alarmed at 
his own Sliadow,' 178 ; ' Maniac 
Ravings, or Little Boney in a 

strong Fit. Vide Lord W s 

account of a visit to the Thuille- 
ries,' 17S ; 'A great r\lan Intoxi- 
cated with Success,' 179 ; ' French 
Invasion — or Buonaiiarte Land- 
ing in Cireat Britain,' 1S3 ; 'The 
Scarecrow's arrival, or Honest 
Pat giving them an Iri^h Wel- 
come,' 1S3 ; ' Britannia correct- 
ing an Unruly Boy,' 1S6; 'The 
Corsican Beggar Riding to the 
rievi!.' 1S7 ; ' Playing at Bub- 
bles,' 1S9 ; 'King of Brolxling- 
nag and Ciulliver,' 1S9 ; 'Bruin 
1) come med.iator,' 192: 'Olym- 
pic C.ames. or John r>ull intro- 
ducing his new Ar!i!iassadorto the 
Crand Consul.' 102 : ' Tlie Final 
]'acificatic)n of Kurope,' 19S ; 
' Green Sjicctaclcs, or Considar 
CiOggles,' 19S ; ' Boney in posses- 
sion of tlie Millstone.' 202 ; 
' Mags of Truth and Lies,' 202 ; 
' Death of the Corsican Fox. — 
Scene, the last of the Royal 
Hunt,' 204 ; 'A British Clnnnst 
Analising a Corsican Farth- 
vornil !' 210; 'Little Ships, 
or Jolin r>ull \'ery imnii^ilive,' 
210 ; ' Annisenients af: r Dinner, 
or the Cor>ican hair)- dis!)!a\ing 
bis Prowess,' 215 ; ' .V Monsirous 
S'ride," 210 ; ' Inva-ion,' 221 ; 
' PiUonaiJii'te forty-eigli! Hours 
after Lar.dinf' ! ' 222 ; 'After the 



C.\R 
Invasion. The Levee en Ma^se, 
or Britons Strike Home,' 223; 
' Preparing to invade,' 226 ; 
' How to stop an invader,' 226 ; 
' The Consequences of an Inva- 
sion, or the Hero's Reward. 
None but the Brave deserve the 
fair. The Yeomanry Cavalry's 
first Essay,' 227; 'Johnny Bull 
giving Boney a Pull,' 229 ; 'Re- 
solutions in case of an Invasiijn,' 
230; 'A rash attemp', and wo- 
ful downfall.' 230 ; ' Obs- ivations 
uprin Stilts,' 230; • Ilaileqi'.in 
Invasion,' 232 ; 'John Bull and 
Buonaparte,' 23S ; ' Boney at 
Brussels,' 239; 'John Bull out 
of all Patience,' 240 : ' Croco- 
dile's Tears or Bonaparte's La- 
mentations,' 240 ; ' P.iitannia 
blowin.^ up the Corsican Bottle 
Conjuror,' 244; ' Thi.' Corsican 
Moth," 245 ; 'The Handwriting 
on the Wall,' 246 ; ' A Knock- 
dcAvn blow in the ()cean, or 
Bonaparte taking French leave.' 
246 : ' Pidcock's C.rand, Mena- 
gerie,' 252; 'John Bull landed 
in France," 253 ; ' Three plagiies 
of F-gypl,' 253 : 'An Attempt (<\\ 
the Putatoe liag," 257 ; '(hdJiver 
and liis Guide, or a Check String 
to the Corsican,' 25S ; ' lohn 
Bull and the Alarmist,' 2!')i : 
'John P)ull shewing the Corsican 
Monkey,' 264 ; ' Puf)napnrte on 
his Ass,' 264 ; ' The ('orsican 
Macheath,' 265 ; ' A full and 
particular account of tlie Trial of 
Xajio!eon Buonaparte before lolni 
Bulb" 267 ; ' i;iion;:parte"s Soli- 
lorpiy at Calais,' 269 ; 'The fable 
of ilie Bundle of Faggots exem- 
jdified, or Bonaparte baflled,' 
271 ; 'A jieep at the Cor-ican 
fair}'," 271 ; 'The Corsican Car- 
C!se butcher's Keckoniiig &a\\ 
New Style, no (juarter tlay," 



INDEX. 



273 



CAR 

271; 'The Corsican Locust,' 
279 ; ' The Grand Triumphal 
Entry of the Chief Consul into 
London,' 279 ; ' The Corsican 
Pest, or Belzebub going to 
Supper,' 280; 'The Balance of 
Power, or the Issue of the Con- 
test,' 281 ; ' Thoughts on Inva- 
sion both sides the water,' 282 ; 
' The little Princess and Gulli- 
ver,' 2S2 ; ' The Centinel at his 
Post, or Boney's peep into Wal- 
mer Castle ! ! ' 2S2 ; ' French 
Volunteers marching to the Con- 
quest of Great Britain,' 283 ; 
' John Bull guarding the Toy 
Shop,' 283 ; 'The King's Dwarf 
plays Gulliver a Trick,' 286 ; 
' Boney in time for Lord Mayor's 
Feast,' 289 ; ' Destruction of 
the French Gun Boats, or Little 
Boney and his friend Talley in 
high Glee,' 290; 'Boney's Jour- 
ney to London,' &c., 290. 
Caricatures {continitcd), vol. ii. — 
' Boney attacking the English 
Hive>, or the Corsican cauc^ht at 
last in the Island,' I ; 'Selling the 
Skin before the I'ear is caught, or 
cutting up the liull liefore he is 
killed,' 2 ; ' New Bellman's verses 
for Chri>tmas 1S03 ! " 2 ; ' More 
than expected, or too many for 
Boney,' 2; ' Tlic Brolxlingnag 
^^'atchman preventing Gulliver's 
Landing,' 3 ; 'A Cdck and ISull 
Story,' 3 ; ' The Cold-Blooded 
Murderer, or the Assassinati(jn of 
the Due d'Enghien,' 8: ' Tlie 
Coftln l",x]jedilion, or lioney's 
Invincible Armada half seas ovci,' 
14; 'Dutch F.nd)arkati()n, or 
Needs must when tlie I )cvil 
drives !' 14 ; ' Gulliver manu'uvr- 
iiig with his little boat in the 
cistern,' 15 ; 'A l''reiich Alarinisl, 
or John Hull KKjkin- out for tlie 
(jrand Flotilla,' 15; 'A great 



CAR 

Man on his Hobby Horse, a 
design for an Intended Statue on 
the Place la Liberte at Paris,' 16 ; 
' A new French Phantasmagoria,' 
16 ; ' The Frog and the Ox, or 
the Emperor of the Gtills in his 
stolen gear,' 16; 'Injecting 
Blood Royal, or Phlebotomy at 
St. Cloud,' 17; 'The Right 
Owner, ' 17; 'A Proposal from 
the New Emperor,' 17; 'The 
Imperial Coronation,' 17 ; ' Har- 
lequin's last Skip,' 18 ; ' British 
Men of War towing in tlie 
Invader's Fleet,' 18; 'Boney's 
Inquisition, another specimen of 
his Humanity on the person of 
Madame Toussaint,' 19; 'Tlie 
Genius of France nursing her 
darling,' 20 ; ' The death of Ma- 
dame Republique,' 21 ; ' The 
Loyalist's Alphabet,' 21 ; 'De- 
sign for an Imperial Crown to be 
used at the Coronation of the 
New Emperor,' 23 ; ' The Grand 
Coronation Procession of Naiio- 
lione the 1st, Emperor of France, 
from the Church of Notre Dame, 
Dec. 2, 1S04,' &c. , 24 ; ' A Ntw 
Phantasmagoria for John Bub," 
37 : ' The glorious Pursuit of Ten 
again-t Seventeen," 37; 'The 
Plumb Pudding in danger,' tVc, 
39 ; ' St. (ieorge and the Dra- 
gon,' 42 ; ' Napoleon's Apotheo- 
sis anticipated,' 42; 'Tlie de- 
parture from the Coast, or the 
F]nd of the Farce of Invasion,' 44 : 
' The Surrender of Ulm, o)- 
Buonaparte anil General Mac'-, 
coming to a riglit und'Tstandiiiv;.' 

45 ; ' Money beating Mack, and 
Nelson giving him a Whack 1 1 ' 

46 ; ' Nap lluoiiaparte in a fevi r 
on receivini; the b'xtraordinary 
Gazette of Ncbon's \'ictory ovc-r 
the combined Fleets." 47 ; 'John 
Btdl exchanging News with tlic 



VOL. 11. 



T 



274 



INDEX. 



CAR 

Continent,' 48 ; ' Tiddy doll, the 
jjieat French Gingerbread Baker 
drawing out a new Batch of 
Kings,' &c., 48 ; ' Boney and the 
C.reat State Secretary,' 51 ; 
' Tacific Overtures, or a Flight 
from St. Cloud,' 52; 'Roast 
liecf and French Soup — The 
iMiglish Lamb * * * and the 
French Tiger,' 53 ; ' Two 
Wonders of the World, or a 
Specimen of a new troop of 
Leicestershire Light Horse,' 53 ; 
' l)0ne and Flesh, or John Bull in 
Moderate Condition,' 54 ; ' Com- 
forts of a Bed of Roses,' &c. , 54 ; 
' John Bull threatened by Insects 
from all Quarters,' 55 ; 'Jupiter 
Buoney granting unto the Dutch 
Frogs a King,' 55 ; ' Experi- 
ments at Dover, or Master 
Charley's Magic Lanthorn,' 57 ; 
' The Pleasing and Instructive 
Came of Messengers,' &c., 58; 
' News from Calabria,' &c. , 58 ; 
' The Continental Shaving Shop,' 
(X;c. , 60 ; ' Political Quadrille,' 
6 1 ; 'Jack Tars conversing with 
ISoney on the Blockade of Old 
luigland,' 63 ; ' Bonaparte block- 
ading John Bull,' 64; 'John 
Bull playing on the Base Vil- 
lain,' 65; 'The Entrance into 
Poland, or another Bonne Bouche 
ff)r Boney,' 65 ; ' The Giant 
Commerce overwhelming the 
Pigmy Blockade,' 66 ; ' Boney 
and his Army in Winter Quarters,' 
60; 'The Political Cock-horse,' 
67 ; 'The New Dynasty, or the 
little Corsican Gardener Planting 
a Royal Pippin Tree,' 68 ; 'An 
Imperial Bonne Bouche, or the 
('inner at Tilsit,' 71 ; ' Mutual 
! lonors at Tilsit, or the Monkey, 
llu- Pear, and the Eagle,' 71 '■> 
' riic Polish Pie, or the Flffects 
'f llie Peace at Tilsit,' 72; 



CAR 
' Gulliver towing the Fleet into 
Lilliput,' 73; 'Malignant As- 
pects looking with envy on John 
Bull and his Satellites,' &c., 
74 ; 'In Port, and Out of Port, 
or news from Portugal,' 75 ; 
' Blockade against Blockade, or 
John Bull a match for Boney,' 
76 ; ' The Continental Dock- 
yard,' 76 ; ' The Bear, the Mon- 
key, the Turkey, and the Bull, 
or the true cause of the Russian 
War,' 76; 'John Bull refreshing 
the Bear's Memory,' 77 ; ' Boney 
stark mad, or more Ships, 
Colonies, and Commerce,' 77 ; 
' Delicious Dreams ! ' &c. , 78 ; 
' The Corsican Tiger at Bay,' 78 ; 
* Boney Bothered, or an unex- 
pected meeting,' 79; 'The 
Spanish Bull fight, or the Cor- 
sican Matador in danger,' 80 ; 
' The Corsican Spider in his 
Web,' 8r ; 'Burglary and Rob- 
bery,' 82 ; ' Apotheosis of the 
Corsican Phoenix,' 83 ; ' The 
Oven on Fire, or Boney's last 
Batch entirely spoiled ! ! ! ' 83 ; 
' A game at quadrille,' 84 ; ' The 
Fox and the Grapes,' 85 ; ' Pro- 
phecy explained,' 85 ; ' Napo- 
leon the little in a Rage with his 
great French Eagle ! ! ' 85 ; 'A 
hard passage, or Boney playing 
Base on the Continent,' 86 ; 
' The Valley of the Shadow of 
Death,' 87 ; ' Nap and his partner 
Joe,' 88; 'Nap and his friends 
in their glory,' 88; ' Apollyon, 
the Devil's Generalissimo,' 90; 
'General Nap turned Methodist 
Preacher, '91 ; ' Political Quacks, 
or the Erfurt Co-partnership 
commencing Business,' 92 ; ' The 
Progress of the Emperor Napo- 
leon,' 94 ; ' Boney's broken 
bridge,' 96 ; ' The Broken 
Bridge, or Boney outwitted by 



INDEX. 



275 



CAR 

General Danube,' 97 ; 'The ris- 
ing Sun, or a view of the Con- 
tinent,' 98 ; 'Three Weeks after 
Marriage, or the Great Little 
Emperor playing at Bo-peep,' 
115 ; ' Boney the Second, or the 
little Baboon created to devour 
French Monkies,' 118; 'Nursing 
the Spawn of a Tyrant, or 
Frenchmen sick of the brood,' 
121; 'The Deputeys apointed 
by the Legislative Body, doing 
Homage to the King of Rome in 
the Nursery at St. Cloud,' 121 ; 
' The first glorious exploit of the 
Invincible Flotilla,' &c., 124; 
' The Parting of Hector — Nap — 
and Andromache, or Russia 
threatened,' 125 ; ' British Wel- 
come, or a Visit from the Bantam 
to the Lion,' 127; 'Jack Frost 
attacking Boney in Russia,' 132 ; 
' General Frost shaveing Little 
Boney,' 132 ; 'Polish Diet with 
French Desert,' 132 ; ' Boney 
hatching a Bulletin, or Snug 
Winter Quarters,' 134; 'The 
Valley of the Shadow of Death,' 
134 ; ' Nap nearly nab'd,' &c., 
136 ; ' The Narrow Escape, or 
Boney's Grand Leap a la Gri- 
vialdi ! ! ' 137 ; ' The Arms and 
supporters of Napoleon Bona- 
parte,' &c., 138 ; ' Nap's glorious 
return, or the conclusion of the 
Russian Campaign,' 142 ; ' Boney 
returning from Rusda covered 
with Glory,' &c., 142; 'The 
Hero's return,' 143 ; ' Bonaparte 
reviewing his Conscripts,' 144 ; 
' i;ona])artc addressing the Legis- 
lative P.ody,' 145; 'The Wags 
of Paris, or the Downfall of 
Na]) the Great,' 145; 'An- 
ticipation for Boney,' &c., 146 ; 
' Nap reviewing the Ckand Army, 
or the Conquest of Russia anti- 
cipated,' 147 ; ' liuncy receiving 



CAR 

an account of the Battle of Vit- 
toria,' &c., 151 ; 'A Scene after 
the Battle of Vittoria,' &c., 152 ; 
'John Bull teazed by an Ear- 
wig,' 152; 'Tom Thumb and 
the Giant,' 153; 'Execution of 
two celebrated Enemies of Old 
England, and their Dying 
Speeches,' 155 ; 'The Two Kings 
of Terror, ' 156 ; 'Cossack Sports, 
or the Platoflf Hunt in full cry 
after French Game,' 157; 'Ca- 
terers — Boney dished— a Bonne 
Bouche for Europe,' 157 ; 'The 
Daw Stript of his Borrow'd 
Plumes,' &c., 158 ;' A Long Pull, 
a Strong Pull, and a Pull all 
together, '158; ' The Corsican 
Toad under a Harrow,' 159 ; 
* Dutch Nightmare, or the Fra- 
ternal Hug, returned with a 
Dutch Squeeze,' 160; 'Head 
Runner of Runners from Leipsig 
Fair, ' 160 ; ' Bonaparte's Bridge,' 
162 ; ' Grasp all, Lose all,' &c., 
164; 'Napoleon the first and 
last,' 164; 'The Corsican Mun- 
chausen humming the Lads of 
Paris,' 166; ' Funcking the 
Corsican,' 167; 'The Mock 
Phijenix II! or a vain attempt to 
rise again,' 167; 'Friends or 
Foes,' &c., 167; 'Political Che- 
mists and German Retorts,' &c., 
167; 'Gasconading,' &c., 168; 
' Bleeding and warm water, ' 169 ; 
' The Head of the Great Nation 
in a Queer Situation,' 170 ; 
' Mock Auction, or Boney selling 
Stolen Goods,' 171 ; ' The Double 
Humbug, '(Xic, iSi ; 'The Devil's 
Darling,' 1S2 ; ' Jolm Bull l)ring- 
ing Boney"s nose to the Grind- 
stone,' 183 ; ' The Allied ISakers, 
or the Corsican Toad in the iiole,' 
183 ; ' Borey forsaken by his 
Guardian Angel,' 1S4; ' Blucher 
the Brave extracting the groan of 



276 



INDEX 



CAR 

abdication from the Corsican 
Bloodliound,' 187; 'The Cor- 
sican Shuttlecock,' &c., 187 ; 
'Europe,' 188; 'Bloody Boney 
the Carcass Butcher,' &c., 194; 
' Coming in at the death of the 
Corsican fox,' 194 ; 'A Grand 
Manoeuvre ! or the Rogue's march 
to the Island of Elba, ' 194 ; ' The 
Rogue's March,' 195 ; 'The Sor- 
rows of Boney, or Meditations in 
the Island of Elba I ! ! ' 196 ; ' The 
Aft'ectionate farewell, or Kick for 
Kick,' 196 ; ' The last ]\Iarch of 
the Conscripts, or Satan and his 
Satellites hurled to the land of 
oblivion,' 196 ; ' A delicate finish 
to a French Usurper,' 197 ; 
' Boney at Elba, or a Madman's 
Amusement,' 197 ; ' Cruce dig- 
nus,'i98 ; 'Broken Gingerbread,' 
200 ; ' The Hellbaronian Em- 
peror going to take possession of 
his new Territory,' 201 ; ' Nap 
dreading his doleful Doom, or 
his grand entry into the Isle of 
Elba," 201 ; 'Snufling out Boney,' 
202; ' Tliou'rt doom'd to Pain,' 
<.\;c. , 202 ; ' Otiii?)! citin dig)2ilatc, 
or a view of Elba,' 203 ; ' Boney's 
Elbow Chair,' &c., 203; 'What 
I was, What I am. What I ought 
to be,' 204 ; 'Needs must when 
Wellington Drives, or Louis's 
Return I ! ' 205 ; ' The Tyrant, 
overtaken l)y Justice, is excluded 
from the world,' 205 : 'The de- 
parture of Apollo and the Muses, 
or Earewell to I'aiis,' 205 ; 'An 
Imjierial Vomit,' 207 ; ' Drum- 
ming out of the French Army 111' 
207 ; ' Boney and his new sub- 
jects at Elba,' 207 : 'The I'eddi- 
gree of Corjioral \'if)let," 209 10 ; 
' John lUill mad with Joy ! (jr the 
First of August, 1S14,' 211 ; 
'Twelfth Niglit. or what you 
will I ■ <vc., 214 ; ' Tlie Devil to 



CAR 

pay, or Boney's return from Elba,' 
216 ; ' The European Panto- 
mime,' &c., 216; ' Hell broke 
loose, or the John Bulls made 
Jack Asses,' 217; 'Boney's Re- 
turn from Elba, or the Devil 
among the Tailors,' 218; 'A 
Review of the New Grand Army,' 
219 ; ' The Genius of France ex- 
pounding her Laws to the Sub- 
lime People, ' 220 ; ' The Congress 
dissolved before the Cake was 
cut,' 220 ; ' The flight of Bona- 
parte from Hell Bay,' 221 ; ' Hell 
Hounds rallying round the Idol of 
France,' 222 ; ' Vive le Roi ! Vive 
I'Empereur I ' &c. , 222; 'Scene 
in a New Pantomime,' &c. . 222 ; 
' The Corsican and his Blood- 
hounds at the Window of the 
Thuilleries, looking over Paris,' 
223 ; ' The Corsican's last trip 
under the guidance of his Good 
Angel,' 223; 'The Phenix of 
Elba resuscitated by Treason,' 
223 ; ' The Royal Allied Oak 
and self-created mushroom Kings,' 
225; 'The Crown Candidates, 
or a modest request politely re- 
fused,' 226 : ' Preparing for War,' 
227 ; ' A Lecture on Heads, as 
Delivered byMarshalls Wellington 
and Blucher,' 230 : ' Monkey's 
Allowance,' l\;c. , 230 ; ' R. Acker- 
mann's Transparency on the \ ic- 
tory of Waterloo,' 231 ; 'Com- 
pliments and Congees, or Little 
Boney's surrender to the Tars of 
Old England 111' 235 ; ' The 
Bone-a-part in a fresh place,' 
236 ; ' Buonaparte on the 17th 
of June Buonaparte on the r7th 
of July, 1815,' 236; 'Boney's 
threatened Invasion brought to 
bear,' &c., 237 ; ' P.oney's Trial, 
Sentence and Dying Speech, or 
Euro]:)e's iniuries revenged, 243; 
'The E.\-Eniiicror in a bottle," 



INDEX. 



277 



CAR 

252 ; ' The downfall of Tyranny 
and return of Peace,' 253 ; ' The 
Exile of St. Helena, or Boney's 
Meditation,' 253 ; 'Boney's Me- 
ditations on the Island of St. 
Helena,' 254; 'Napoleon's trip 
from Elba to Paris, and from 
Paris to St. Helena,' 255 ; ' Gene- 
ral Sans Pareil,' 256; ' Boxiana, 
or the Fancy,' 257; ' Boney 
crossing the Line,' 259 ; ' Fast 
Colours — Patience on a Monu- 
ment smiling at grief, or the 
Royal Laundress washing Boney's 
Court Dresses,' 260; 'Mat de 
Cocagne, ' 260; 'Royal Christ- 
mas Boxes,' 260; Last Contem- 
porary Memorial of Napoleon, 
265 ; George Cruikshank's apo- 
logy for caricaturing Napoleon, 
267 
Cartaux, General, i. 27 
Castiglione, battle of, i. 44 
Castlereagh, Lord, ii. 54, 215 
Cawse, the caricaturist, i. 123, 154 
Chaptal, i. 217 
Charles, caricaturist, i. 2158, 2S2 ; 

ii. 236 
' Clyster pipe, young,' i. 171 
Cobbett's windows smashed, i. 149 
Combe, the brewer, i. 158 
Concordat with the Pope, i. 143 
Conscription in England, i. 193 
Consols, price of, in 1796, i. 47 ; 
in 1797, 53 ; in 1798, 81 ; in 
1799, 125 ; at the time of the 
Peace, 146 
Consuls, the first, i. 122 ; the 

second, 125 
Copenhagen, bomljardment of, ii. 

73 
Cornwallis, Lord, i. 151, 152 
Coronation of Napolecjn, first news 

reaches England, ii. 33 
Ci'irporation of the City of I^ondon 

])rescnt Nelson with a sword, i. 

72 
■ Corsican Pest, the,' i. 2S0 



ERS 

Corunna, retreat from, ii. 96 

Cosmopoli, the name for Porto Fer- 
rajo, ii. 208 

Council of Five Hundred, dissolu- 
tion of, i. 118-22 

' Cruce dignus, ' ii. 199 

Cruikshank, George, caricaturist, 
i. 41,48, 49, 64, 78; ii. 133, 137, 
143-46, 151-52, 169-70, 184, 187, 
195, 200-3, 209, 214, 217-18, 
220, 223, 227, 235-37, 253, 255, 
260, 267 

Cruikshank, Isaac, caricaturist, 
father of George, i. 55, 58, 82, 
169, 175, 183, 192, 216, 226, 
229, 239, 244, 266, 283 ; ii. 2, 
17, 18, 46, 73, 76, 77, 83, 90 

T^'AIGUILLON, Duchesse, i. 35 
Dalrymple, Sir John, i. 46, 55 
D'Angely, Comte, ii. 100 
Danish fleet, capture of, ii. 73 
Degan, battle of, i. 44 
D'Enghien, Due, ii. 7, 8 
Desaix, General, i, 67, 130-132 
Desgenettes, Dr., i. 103, 107 
Devil, the, and the Consul, i, 203 

DuCOS, i. 122-24 

Dugommier, General, i. 29 
Dupont, Geneial, ii. 83, 87 
Dupuy, General, i. 66 

■pCOLE Militaire at Paris, i. 22 

Egypt, expedition to, i. 59 
Eg)'pt, Napoleon's flight from, i. 

110-I16 
El-Arisch, capitulation of, i. 85 
Eld(jn, Lord, i. 161 
Elmos, William, caricaturist, ii. 1S3 
Emerson, Sir J. , i. 3 
English mastifts, i. 194 
English visit France, i. 16 1 
Epigram on Honapaile, i. S3 
Epitaph on Napoleon, i. 22S 
Erfurt, meeting of s(j\'erL-igns at, ii. 

93 

Erskine, Lord, i. 72, 74, 75, 15S 



278 



INDEX. 



FAR 
T^ARMERS supplying horses and 

carts, i. 58 
Fast, proclamation of a general, i. 

141 
Father of Napoleon, i. 6 
Fesch, Cardinal, i. 218 ; ii. 25, 

114 
Field, J., caricaturist, ii. 226 
Flotilla, the French, i. 54, 143, 144, 

265 ; ii, 14, 15, 123 
Fox, Charles James, i. 54, 56, 73, 

74, 76, 152, 155-159, 166, 171 ; 

ii. 50, 51, 54, 57, 58, 61 
French army, distressed state of, i. 

43, 44 
French fleet, number of, i. 263 
Furio, Don Antonio, i. 2 
Fuseli, i. 123 



QEORGE the Third and family, 
measures for the safety of, 

i- 195 
Gillray, James, caricaturist, i. 40, 
54-56, 63, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80, 
83, 85, 86, it)9. III, 116, 122, 
125, 126, 129, 150, 156, 161-163, 
165, 171, 177, 183, 189, 204, 
222, 261, 271, 280, 283, 290; 
ii- 15, 24, 39, 42, 45, 48, 52, 
54, 58, 68, 78, 80, 83, 87 
Gourgaud, General, ii. 234, 241, 

242 
Grafton, Duke of, i. 56, 57 
Greek extraction of Napoleon, i. 3 
' Green Room Opinion (The) of the 
threatened Invasion,' ii. 4 



X-TANO\'ER claims exemption 
from the War, i. 179; A 

Peep into, i. 180 
Harlequin Invasion, i. 232 
Harrel, the police spy, i. 137, 138 
liawkesbury. Lord, i. 144- 146, 

150, 166, 171, 177 
Hislria, grandmother of Napoleon, 

i. 6 



JOS 
Hoche, General, i. 35, 46, 47 
Hood, Admiral, i. 27 



' TNCROYABLES.'i. 109 
Institute, the, i. 86 

International courtesies, i. 153 

Invasion of England by the French, 
and landing on the coast of Pem- 
brokeshire — defeat, i. 51 

Invasion sketch, an, i. 247 

Invasion, the, i. 254 

Ireland, invasion of, by the French, 
i. 46, 47 

Iron crown of Lombardy, ii. 41 



JAFFA, massacre of troops at, i, 

88 ; De Bourrienne's account, 

i, 88-92 ; O'Meara's account, i. 

92-94 ; English accounts, i. 95- 

97 

Jekyll, Mr., i. 72 

Jiubega Laurent, Napoleon's god- 
father, i. 14 

John Bull and Bonaparte, i. 238 

Jordanus of Namur, i. 1 1 

Josephine (Marie Josephine Rose 
de la Pagerie), Napoleon's tirst 
meeting with her, i. 32 ; her 
birth, i. 32, 33 ; parentage, i. 33 ; 
marriage to the Vicomte de Beau- 
harnais, i. 33 ; return to Marti- 
nique, i. 33 ; decapitation of her 
husband, i. 33 ; her imprison- 
ment, i. 33 ; amusements in 
prison, i. 33 ; said to be Carras' 
mistress, i. 34; her intimacy with 
General Hoche, i. 35 ; ditto with 
Madame Tallien and Barras, i, 
35 ; her dress described, i. 36 ; 
her walk with Junot and Madame 
Tallien, i. 37 ; her good looks, i. 
37 ; 'Notre Dame des Victoires,' 
i. 38 ; p:nglish satirists' account 
of her, i. 38-40 ; her bad teeth, 
i. 37, 41 ; her marriage with Na- 
poleon, i. 41 ; short honeynionn, 



INDEX. 



279 



■ JOU 

41 ; her spendthrift habits, 
i. 42 ; her personal appearance, 
i. 246 ; made Empress, ii. 13; her 
coronation, ii. 29 ; her figure and 
elegance, ii. 29 ; visits Italy, ii. 
40 ; divorce from Napoleon, ii. 
100-109 ; allowance made to her 
at Napoleon's abdication, ii. 191 ; 
her death, ii. 21 1 
Jourdan, Marshal, ii. 1 50-52 
Jubilee, national, ii. 211-12 
Junot, Madame (Duchessed'Abran- 
tes), i. 4, 5 ; her recollections of 
Napoleon's youth, i. 17, 18, 22; 
anecdote of Napoleon and her 
sister — Puss in boots, i. 23, 24; 
description of Napoleon in 1793, 
i. 26 
Junot, Marshal, i. 29, 37 ; ii. 75, 
S7 

■p^ALLERGIS, General, i. 4 

KaAd|Uepis, i. 3-5 
Kleber, General, i. 85, 96, 98, 103 
Klenau (aide to General Wiirmser), 

i. 49, 50 
Knight, caricaturist, ii. 54, 55 

T A FORCE, prison of, i. 33 

Lambert, Daniel, ii. 53-54 
Lannes, Marshal, i. 66, 112, 134; 

ii. 97 
Lansdowne, Earl of, i. 56, 72 
Laudtrdale, Earl of, i. 56 
Lauriston, Count, i. 146; ii. 124 
Lebrun, i. 125 
Leipsic — blowing up the bridge, 

ii. 161 
Eetter from Napoleon to George the 

Third, i. 126 
Letter from Napoleon to George the 

Third, ii. 35 ; reply to, ii. 36 
L'honnne rouge, ii. 172-8 
Lloyds', bubscri[jtion opened at, i.70 
Lodi, battle of, i. 44 
Lonado, battle of, i, 44 
London, ci'y of, i)rote^ts of, ii. no 
Lowe, Sir Hudson, ii. 261 



NAP 
A/TACK, General, ii. 45, 46 

Madrid, entry into, by Joseph 

Bonaparte, ii. 81 
Maina, the ancient Sparta, i. 3 
Maitland, captain of the ' Bellero- 

phon,' ii. 223, 234-36, 239-41 
Majorca, the home of the Bona- 

partes, i. 2 
Malmesbury, Lord, i. 52 
Mamelukes, i. 64 
Man in the Iron Mask, i. 7 
Mantua, siege of, i. 49 ; sur- 
render of, 50 
Marboeuf, Count, i. 15, 16, 19 
Marengo, battle of, i. 130 
Maria Louisa, ii. 111-16, 121, 124- 

25, 142, 171, 184, 216 
Marks, I. Lewis, caricaturist, ii. 

205, 216, 253, 259 
Marmont, Marshal, i. 37 ; ii. 1S4 
Mayer, L., i. 12 
Menou, General, i. 32, 143 
Militia, enrolment of, i. 193 
Millesino, battle of, i. 44 
Mondovi, battle of, i. 44 
Monge, Gaspard, Comte de Pcluse, 

i. 1 12 
Montenotte, battle of, i. 43 
Montesquieu, Madame de, ii. 121 
Moore, Sir John, ii. 96 
Mortier, General, i. 180 
Moses, the new, or Bonaparte's Ten 

Commandments, i. 205 
Mourad Bey, i. 66 
Mulgrave, Lord, ii. 36 
Murat, Joachim, i. 66, 112 ; ii. 53, 

80, 113, J26, 131 



ATAPOLEON, vol. i.— hisances- 
tr_\', I ; his own account, i ; 
his Ijrother's account, 2 ; petiigree 
Iiy Don Antonio Furio, 2 ; his 
Greek extraction, 3 ; excites the 
Greeks to revolt, 3 ; his fansily 
name — KaAo/u.e/;is, 3-5 ; bio- 
graphies by l-]nglish satirists, 5, 
6 ; descent from tlie ' .Man in the 



28o 



INDEX. 



NAP 

Iron Mask, ' 7 ; anagrams, (S:c. , 
on his name, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 ; 
Nicholas as his baptismal name, 
8 ; legend of Saint Xapolione, 8 ; 
the Apocalyptic beast, and its 
connection with Napoleon, 9-13 ; 
disputed and real dates of his 
birth, 13, 14; his real godparents, 
14 ; Count Marbceuf, his putative 
father, 15-17; poverty of the 
family, 17 ; personal appearance 
as a boy, 18 ; his own description 
of himself, 18 ; goes to the mili- 
tary school at Krienne, 19 ; be- 
haviour at school, 19-21 ; leaves 
Brienne and goes to the Ecole 
Militaire at Paris, 22 ; appointed 
second lieutenant of artillery, 22 ; 
anecdote of Madame Junot's sis- 
ter and Napoleon — Puss in Boots, 
22-24 ; his poverty when sub- 
lieutenant, 24 ; journey to Cor- 
sica, 24 ; application to the 
British Government for service, 

24 ; his supposed visit to London, 

25 ; his personal appearance in 
1793, 26 ; promoted to be com- 
mandant of artillery, 27 ; super- 
sedes General Cartaux, 27; taking 
of Toulon and conduct of the 
French. 27, 28 ; again promoted, 
29 ; goes on a diplomatic errand 
to Genoa, 29 ; his poverty at 
that time, 29, 30 ; revolt of the 
Sections, 30-32 ; made General of 
the Interior and Governor of 
Paris, 32 ; his marriage with 
Josephine, 40, 41 ; short honey- 
moon, 41 ; made commander-in- 
chief of the army of Italy, 43 ; 
visits his mother, 43; l)attle of 
Montenotte, 43 ; bad state of 
the French army, 43 ; victories 
of the Italian campaign, 44, 45 ; 
Bonaparte and Berthier, 45 ; story 
of a ganiL- at cards with him, 
45, 46 ; Napoleon's exactions in 
Italy, and spoliation of works of 



NAP 
art, 48, 49 ; siege of Mantua, 49 ; 
interview with General Wiirmser's 
aide-de-camp, 49, 50 ; surrender 
of Mantua, 50 ; ' The French 
Bugabo,' probably the earliest 
English caricature, 50 ; is pro- 
moted to the command of ' the 
Army of England,' 52 ; abandons 
the invasion of England, 56 ; 
expedition to Egypt, 59 ; start- 
ing of the Fleet, 60 ; landing in 
Egypt, 60 ; Napoleon as a Ma- 
hometan, 60-63 ; atrocities on 
landing at Alexandria, 64 ; his 
hatred of England, 65 ; march 
across the desert, 66 ; battle of 
the Pyramids, 66; march on, 
and entry into, Cairo, 66, 67 ; 
battle of the Nile or Aboukir, 67 ; 
its effect upon Napoleon, 67 ; 
revolt at Cairo, 77 ; slaughter of 
the inhabitants, 77, 78 ; rumour of 
his assassination, 82 ; his intrigue 
with Madame Foures, 83, 84 ; his 
schemes of conquest, 84 ; cele- 
brates ' Ramadan,' 85 ; capitula- 
tion of El-Arisch, 85 ; massacre 
of troops at Jaffa, 88-97 ; siege 
of St. Jean d'Acre, 98 ; victory 
over Achmet Pasha at Mount 
Thabor, 98 ; capture of his bat- 
tering train by Sir Sydney Smith, 
98 ; siege of St. Jean d'Acre 
raised, and retreat to Jaffa, 98, 99 ; 
accused of poisoning his sick 
soldiers at Jaffa, 100-8 ; return^ 
to Cairo, loS ; he leaves Egypt, 
110-13; feeling in the army, 
113, 114; arrival in Paris, 117 ; 
public dinner, 117; dissolves the 
Council of Five Hundred, 1 18-22 ; 
made Consul, 122 ; takes the lead, 
123 ; fresh Consuls appointed, 
125 ; their salaries, 125 ; his 
letter to George III., 126 ; answer 
to same, 127 ; battle of Marengo, 
130; death of Desaix, 130-2; 
plots against Nap )leon's life: — 



INDEX. 



NAP 
that of Oct. lo, 1 800, 136-8 ; 
that of Dec. 24, 1800, 138-40 ; 
Napoleon's portrait, 140; his Con- 
cordat with the Pope, 143 ; the 
Flotilla at Boulogne, 143, 144; 
negotiations for peace, 144; at- 
tends to home affairs, 151 ; rati- 
fies the peace of Amiens, 151 ; 
made Consul for life, 155 ; re- 
ceives Fox, 156-58 ; behaves 
rudely to Lord Whitworth, 166, 
172, 173 ; ultimatum, 175; tour 
to Belgium, &c. , 239 
Napoleon {continued), vol. ii. — 
Cadoudal's conspiracy, 7 ; trial 
and execution of the Due d'En- 
ghien, 7, 8 ; proclaimed Empe- 
ror, 12, 13 ; his coronation, 23- 
34 ; sends a letter to George 
the Tliird, 35; visits Italy, 40; 
crowned king of Italy, 41 ; his 
name given to a constellation, 

42 ; war with Austria, 43 ; with- 
drawal of ' Army of England,' 

43 ; surrender of Ulm, 45 ; 
battle of Trafalgar, 47 ; negotia- 
tions for peace, 57 ; victories of 
Jena, iS;c. , 62; proclamation to 
blockade England, 62 ; invasion 
of Poland and entry into War- 
saw, 65 ; battle of Eylau, 66 ; 
capture of Dantzig, 69 ; meeting 
with the lunperor of Russia at 
Tilsit, 69-73 ; declaration of war 
by Enghmd, So ; English troops 
sent to Spain, 82 : raising the 
siege of .Sai'agossa, 84 ; defeat at 
\'imiera, 84 ; convention of 
('intra, 84 ; nn.-eting (){ Empe- 
rors and Kings at f'rfurt, 93 ; 
the bri.ken briclgc across the 
nanubu, and the retreat to the 
i^^land of Lohau, f)6 ; battle of 
W'agraiii, 97; divorce from b^- 
se];hine, I(Xj-9 ; projioses to 
luarry tile (Irnnd Ducliess Anna 
l'aulo\n;!, i 1 1 ; brtrotlial to 
Maria Louisa, ill; lii^ marriagi;, 



NAP 
1 14 ; birth of the King of Rome, 
116; his christening, 117; Na- 
poleon as a father, 119, 120; said 
to have been present at a naval 
engagement off Boulogne, 123 ; 
goes to Dresden, and meeting of 
Sovereigns there, 124 ; visits 
Dantzig, 124 ; war declared 
against Russia, 124 ; entry into 
Wilna, 126 ; battle of Smolensko, 
126 ; battle of .Salamanca, 126 ; 
battle of Borodino, 127 ; entry 
into Moscow, 128 ; burning of 
Moscow, 129-31 ; flight from 
thence, 131 ; nearly caught by 
Cossacks, 135 ; rejoicings in 
England, 140 ; his return to 
Paris, 142-44 ; preparation for 
war : anticipates the conscription 
of 1814, 144; an armistice, 150; 
battle of Vittoria, 150-52 ; defeat 
at Leipsic, 154 ; losses and new 
conscription, 172 ; campaign of 
1S14, 1S2 ; his deposition, 185 ; 
his abdication, 185; cons])iracy 
to kill him, 190 ; treaty with re- 
gard to his abdication, IQI ; at- 
tempts to poison himself, 192, 193; 
sails for Elba, 194 : his arrival 
there, 206 ; his beneficent rule 
and improvements, 207, 20S; faith 
broken with him, 20S ; 'Caporal 
Violette,' 209 ; leaves Elba, 
215 ; lands at Cannes, 215 ; war 
again declared, 229 ; campaign 
in Belgium, 229; liattle of Water- 
loo, 229 ; retires to Paris, 231 ; 
he again abdicates, 231 ; a ])ri- 
soner in French hands, 233 ; 
negotiations forsurrei der to Eng- 
land, 234 ; g<ies on hoard the 
' Pellerophon,' 234 : letter to the 
Regent, 234 ; arrival at Torbay, 
239; is sent to I'lynioutli, 244; 
anxiety of the English people to 
see him, 244-47 ; sent to St. 
Helena, 24S ; his protest against 
ii, 25c; transferred to tlie 



282 



INDEX. 



NAP 

'Northumberland,' 251; sets 

sail for St. Helena, 251 ; crosses 

the line, 259 ; his death, 261 

Napoleon and the letter M, ii. 179 

Napoleon's sisters, i. 218 ; ii. 24, 

29, 207 
Napoleon's supposed credulity, ii. 

178, 179 
Napolione, Saint, i. 8 
Navy, prizes, &c., ii. 38, 39 
Nelson, i. 60, 67, 69-75, 78-So, 

82, 144, 176 ; ii. 46-48 
Nelson's receipt to make an Olla 

Podrida, i. 51, 52 
'New Bellman's verses for Christ- 
mas, 1803 ! ' ii. 2 
Ncy, Marshal, i. 135; ii. 123, 124 
Nicholas as Napoleon's baptismal 

name, i. 8 
Nichols, Mr., i. 56 
Nieuhoff, Count, King of Corsica, 

']■ 5 
Nile, the battle of the, false and late 

news, i. 66, 67 ; how the news was 

received in England, 69, 70, 73 ; 

illuminations in honour of, 71 
Norfolk, Duke of, i. 56, 72, 74 

Q'HARA, General, i. 27 

Ongley, Lord, i. 58 
Orion's Belt to be called Napoleon, 

ii. 42 
Otto, M., i. 144-147 

pAOLI, i. 14, 16, 24 

Paraviccini (cousin of Napo- 
leon"), i. 14 

Patriotic songs, i. 57, 69, 195, 203, 
207, 213, 214, 224, 225, 232, 23S, 
240, 254, 273 ; ii. 2, 5, 148 

Peace, negotiations for, i. 52, 144- 
46 ; ratification of, i. 146 ; nego- 
tiations for, ii. 57 

Pelham, T., i. 47 

Peltier, Jean, i. 173, 174 

PicheL.'ru, ii. 7, 0, 10 

I'lilcock's Grand Menagerie, i. 251 



RUS 
Pierre le Clerc, ii. 178, 179 
Pitt, William, i. 54, 59, 150, 168, 

252 ; ii. 50 
Pitzipios, Prince, i. 4 
Pius the Eighth, ii. 24, 25, 28 
Platofif, the Hetman, ii. 148, 157 
Playbills, sham, i. 200, 201 
Plebiscite as to Napoleon becoming 

Emperor, ii. 12 
Plots against Napoleon's life, i. 

136-139 
Poisoning sick soldiers, i. 100-108 
Portuguese royal family, flight of, 

ii. 78 
Poverty of Napoleon's family, i. 17 
Press-gangs, i. 58 

Prisoners playing at mock trials, i.33 
Punch and the Emperor Nicholas 

of Russia, ii. 132 
Puss in boots, i. 23, 24 



"DAYMOND, the caricaturist, i. 

163 
Regent, the Prince, ii. 207, 211, 

224, 225, 227, 234, 253, 257 
Rhodocanakii, i. 3. 
Roberts, the caricaturist, i. 144, 145, 

169, 240 
Robespierre, i. 33 
Rome, King of, ii. 116-122, 125, 

142, 143, 167, 171, 184, 191, 

194, 195, 226, 243 
Rosetta, surrender of, i. 143 
Rostopchin, ii. 130 
Rouyer, the apothecary who is said 

to have poisoned the sick soldiers 

at Jaffa, i. 103 
Roveredo, battle of, i. 44 
Rowlandson, the caricaturist, i. 78, 

170; ii. 16, 44, 47, 57, 78, 85, 

88, 96, 115, 118, 121, 155, 156, 

1 58 -1 60, 1 66- 1 67, 170. iSi, 

1S2, 187, 194-197, 202, 204, 

222, 223, 231, 243 
Russian campaign, l-'rench losses in, 

ii. 141 
Rustem, i. 217 ; ii. 152, 191 



INDEX. 



ST. 
CT. JEAN D'ACRE, siege of, i. 

98 
St. Regent, i. 13S 
St. Vincent, Lord, i. 147 
Salamanca, victory of, ii. 126 
San Giargo, battle of, i. 45 
Savants, the, with the French 

Army, i. 85, 86 
Saveria, i. 17 

' Sayings, A New Song of Old,' ii. 5 
Sebastiani, i. 218 
Sheridan, Richard B., i. 54, 72, 

74-76, 152, 165, 171 ; ii. 58 
Sidebotham, J., caricaturist, ii. 205 
Sieyes, i. 122-24 
Smith, J., caricaturist, i. 189 
Smith, Sir Sydney, i. 95, 98, 99 
vSouley, or Sauler, caricaturist, ii. 

64, 67, 98 
Soult, Marshal, i. 172 
Soup kitchens in Paris, i. 133 
Stapulensis, Johannis Faber, i. il 
Stephanapoli, or Stepanapoulos, i. 

3, 4 

"TALLEYRAND, i. 82, 163, 
217, 271, 285, 287 ; ii. 8, 25, 
49, 52, 56, 59> 67, 68, 84, 115, 
187, 195-197, 205, 228 
Tallieii, Jean Lambert, i. 35 
Tallien, Madame (Therese Cabar- 
rus, Princesse de Chimay) : meet- 
ing with Josephine, i. 33 ; ' Notre 
Dame de Thermidor,' 33 ; in- 
timacy with Josephine and Barras, 
35 ; her dress, 36 ; her obliging 
disposition and good looks, 37 ; 
' Nutre Dame de Septembre,' 
38 ; dancing naked before Barras, 
40 ; her beauty, 41 
Taw, S. T., caricaturist, ii. 226 
The \'oice of the British Isles, i. 

195 
Tiddy Doll, li. 48-50, %l, 200 



YEO 
Tierney, Mr., i. 54, 56, 72 ; ii. 212 
Tilsit, meeting of the Emperors at, 

ii. 69-73 
Toulon, siege of, i. 27 ; capture of, 

i. 27, 28 
Toussaint I'Ouverture, ii. 19 
Trafalgar, battle of, ii. 46-48 
Trevor, Mr., i. 58 
Twenty thousand pounds reward, 

i. 210 

T TLM, surrender of, ii. 45, 46 

WICONTI, Madame, i. 36 

Violet, the, a symbol of Na]X)- 
leon, ii. 209 
Volunteers, i. 283, 2S4 ; ii. i 

WALCHEREN expedition, ii. 
no 

Waterloo, battle of, ii. 229 

Wellington, Duke of, ii. 82, 126, 
150, 151, 172, 197, 205, 2o5, 
214, 224, 225, 228-30, 243 

West, T. , caricaturist, i. 169, 186, 
210, 215, 230, 232, 253, 279; 
ii- 3> 15, 23 

Whitbread, Mr., i. 58; ii. 91, 212 

Whitworth, Lord, i. 160-62, 166, 
167, 172, 175, 176, 17S 

Windham, i. 150 

Wonder of wonders, most wonder- 
ful, i. 260 

Woodward, caricaturist, i. 32, 152, 
160, 179, 238, 245, 264-266, 
269; ii. 37, 42, 48, 57, 66, 75, 
76, 8t, 85 

Woronzow, Prince, ii. 184 

Wright, Capt. ii. 9-I i 

Wiirmscr, General, i. 49, 50 



\7E0MAXRY cavalry raised, i. 
5« 



Till". KM). 



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Number Seventeen. 
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The World Well Lost. 
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Miss Misanthrope. 
Donna Quixote. 

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Touch and Go. 
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It is Never Too Late to Mend. 
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Peg Woffington. 
Christie Johnstone. 
Griffith Gaunt. 
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Love Me Little, Love Me Long. 
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Tales for the Marines. 

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